lab.act fbs iii-2011.ppt
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lab.act FBS III-2011.pptTRANSCRIPT
* Ascaris lumbricoides (adult worm and eggs )
* Trichuris trichiura * Hookworm
– Necator americanus– Ancylostoma duodenale
Strongyloides stercoralis -
* Ascaris lumbricoides (adult worm and eggs )
* Trichuris trichiura * Hookworm
– Necator americanus– Ancylostoma duodenale
Strongyloides stercoralis -
INTESTINAL PARASITEINTESTINAL PARASITE
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INTESTINAL NEMATODESINTESTINAL NEMATODES
SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHSSOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS NON-SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHSNON-SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS
Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis, )
Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis, )
Trichinella spiralis Trichinella spiralis
Tissue NematodesTissue Nematodes
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
Hookworm :
– Necator americanus and
– Ancylostoma duodenale
Strongyloides stercoralis
INTESTINAL NEMATODEINTESTINAL NEMATODE“Soil Transmitted Helminthes”“Soil Transmitted Helminthes”
TOPICSALL SPECIES OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMITHES
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IN HUMAN BODIES
Matureeggs
Source : Medical Parasitology in Plates. Piekarski G.
Larvae
Migration in the blood
Swallowed
Adult worm
Immatureeggs
LIFE CYCLE
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
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Immatureeggs
CONTAMINATEDSOIL AND WATER
OUTSIDE THE HUMAN(Maturation of the eggs)
MATURATION OF EGGSIN THE SOIL20-24 days
(Jeffrey 1-2 weeks)
LIFE CYCLE
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
Mature eggs
LIFE CYCLE
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
OUTSIDE THE HUMAN
Large size, the largest of the common nematode parasites
The white or pink worm Elongate cylindrical worm and bilaterally
symmetrical Mouth with 3 oval lips with sensory papillae They live from 6 months to 1 year
ADULT WORMS
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
Three fold of the lips and a pair of sensory papillae (Scanning Electron Micrograph)
Source :A Colour Atlas of Clinical Parasitology. Yamaguchi T. Alih Bahasa : Lesmana Padmasutra, dkk.
PapillaeDorsal lips
SubventralLips
Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977Peters W. & Gillers H.M.
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
ADULT WORMS (MOUTH)
Measure (15-30) cm by (3-5) mm in diameter
Two spicules (~ “penis”) - can be pull
The posterior end is curved ventral
MALE WORM
Source : Basic Clinical Parasitology. 1994. Neva F.A. & Brown H.W.
Posterior end
Posteriorend
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
(POSTERIOR END)
Source : A Colour Atlas of Clinical Parasitology. Yamaguchi T. Alih Bahasa : Lesmana Padmasutra, dkk.
Two spicules (SP) - can be pull(Scanning Electron Micrograph)
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
MALE WORM
Measure (22-35) cm by (3-6) mm in diameter
The vulva – mid-ventrally near the junction of the anterior and middle thirds of the body
FEMALE WORM
Source : Basic Clinical Parasitology. 1994. Neva F.A. & Brown H.W.
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
Measure of the eggs, hung up thriving in the intestine Eggs (immature eggs) are passed in the stool Immature eggs are in three form (diagnostic stage) :
Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs
Measure of the eggs, hung up thriving in the intestine Eggs (immature eggs) are passed in the stool Immature eggs are in three form (diagnostic stage) :
Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs
THE EGGS
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
Maturation of the eggs occur in the soil (20-24 days) : from immature eggs become mature eggs (infective eggs/infective stage)
Soil Transmitted Helminthes : the intestinal nematode need soil for its life cycle – Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis
Maturation of the eggs occur in the soil (20-24 days) : from immature eggs become mature eggs (infective eggs/infective stage)
Soil Transmitted Helminthes : the intestinal nematode need soil for its life cycle – Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis
Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs
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Chitine Vitelline
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
THE EGGS
Albuminoid
Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.
Fertilized eggs Broadly ovoidal, thick, transparent shell Measure 60 (45-70) x 45 (35-50) Floating in the satiation salt Shell (wall) are three layers
Outer layer : albuminoid, coarsely mammilated, dark brown
Middle layer : chitine (polysacharida – derived from glycogen)
Inner layer : vitelline membrane (sterole), highly impermeable Source : Parasitologi FK UNPAD, 1999
Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs
Show albuminoid layer – thick and irregular from A. suum (Scanning Electron Micrograph) :
Albuminoid layer Structure like operculum Microbacteri
Source :Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran oleh : Zaman V. Alih Bahasa Anwar C. dan Mursal Y.
Likeoperculum
Bacteri
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
THE EGGS
Albuminoid
Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs
Fertilized eggs
Decorticated Eggs Fertilized eggs – disappearance
albuminoid layer Floating in the satiation salt
Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
THE EGGS Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs
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Unfertilized Eggs Measure 90 (88-94) x 40 , thin wall May be passed by unfertilized
females or during the early period of oviposition of fertilized femiles
Sink down in the satiation salt
Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977 Peters W. & Gillers H.M.
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
THE EGGS Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs
Infective Eggs (Embryonated Eggs)
Source :A Colour Atlas of Clinical Parasitology. Yamaguchi T. Alih Bahasa : Lesmana Padmasutra, dkk.Sumber : Parasitologi FK UNPAD, 1999
MORPHOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoidesAscaris lumbricoides
THE EGGS Fertilized eggs Decorticated eggs Unfertilized eggs
Embryo
Fertilized andDecorticated eggs
MATURATIONIN SOIL
Infective Eggs
Morphologic characteristic whip-like, so namely whipworm
Anterior three-fifths thread-like, pointed in head; a narrow esophagus along thread-like, have not bulbus-esophagus
A more robust posterior two-fifths containing single set of reproductive organ and the intestine, pointed in anus
ADULT WORMS
MORPHOLOGY
Trichuris trichiuraTrichuris trichiura
Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.
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Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.
Spicule
Male Length (30-45) mm The coiled posterior extremity
with its single spicule and retractile sheath
Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977Peters W. & Gillers H.M.
MORPHOLOGY
Trichuris trichiuraTrichuris trichiura
ADULT WORMS
Female Length (30-50) mm The bluntly rounded posterior
end Single set of reproductive organ The number of eggs produced
per day 3.000 - 10.000Sumber : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.
Radomyos P., dkk.
MORPHOLOGY
Trichuris trichiuraTrichuris trichiura
ADULT WORMS
Source: Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977Peters W. & Gillers H.M.
Source :Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran oleh : Zaman V.Alih Bahasa Anwar C. dan Mursal Y.
Sumber : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Radomyos P., dkk.
Measure 50 x 25 , lemon-shaped with plug-like translucent polar prominence
Have a yellowish outer and a transparent inner shell
Floating in the satiation salt
MORPHOLOGY
Trichuris trichiuraTrichuris trichiura
THE EGGS
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HOOKWORMSHOOKWORMS
Small, cylindrical, fusiform, grayish white nematodes Elongate cylindrical worm and bilaterally symmetrical Morphology of Necator americanus look like “S” letter and
Ancylostoma duodenale look like “C” letter A. duodenale is larger than N. americanus Single male and paired female reproductive organ Both hookworms differences in :
Shape Buccal capsule Male bursa (“bursa copulatrix”)
ADULT WORM
MORPHOLOGY1. Necator americanus
2. Ancylostoma duodenale
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The posterior end has a broad, translucent, membranous, caudal bursa with rib like rays (dorsal rays) which is used for attachment to the female during copulation – named “bursa copulatrix”
Hookworm eggs cannot be differentiated between N. americanus eggs with A. duodenale
Oval, size measure 40 x 60 µ Outer layer (vitelline) thin Between ovum – wall, clear Daily egg output for N. americanus :
9.000-10.000 and A. duodenale : 10.000-20.000
THE EGGS
Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977. W. Peters & H.M. Gillers
HOOKWORMSHOOKWORMSMORPHOLOGY
1. Necator americanus
2. Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanusNecator americanus
ADULT WORM
MORPHOLOGY
Body form of N. americanus look like “S” letter Has the narrow buccal capsule – has teeth as cutting teeth, in form of like crescent
and named “semilunar cutting plate”
Source : Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran. 1994. Juni Prianto, Tjahaya P.U., Darwanto
Body form of N. americanus look like “S” letter
BUCCAL CAPSULE
“Semilunar Cutting Plate”
“Semilunar Cutting Plate”
“Semilunar Cutting Plate”
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Necator americanusNecator americanus
Male Worm : Measure (7-9) x 0,3 mm “Bursa copulatrix” – wide, length,
roundish, dorsal rays forking Owning 2 spicula, its situation close
to each other, barbed back part
Female Worm : Measure (9-11) x 0,4 mm Vulva : at part of anterior, in the
middle of the body Absent of the caudal spine
ADULT WORM
MORPHOLOGY
The posterior end
Female
Male
The posterior end of the male worm (bursa copulatrix)
MORPHOLOGY
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Ancylostoma duodenale
ADULT WORM Body form of N. duodenale look like “C” letter Has the wide buccal capsule – has tooth as cutting tooth, with 2 ventral tooth in form
of sharp-pointed triangular and named “triangular cutting plate”
Source : Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran. 1994. Juni Prianto, Tjahaya P.U., Darwanto
Body form of A. duodenale look like “C” letter
BUCCAL CAPSULE
“Triangular Cutting Plate”“Triangular
Cutting Plate”
“Triangular Cutting Plate”
MORPHOLOGY
Ancylostoma duodenale
Male Worm : Measure (8-11) x 0,5 mm “Bursa copulatrix” – like umbrella
with single dorsal rays Owning 2 spicula far from another,
sharp pointed
Female Worm : Measure (10-13) x 0,6 mm Vulva : at part of posterior, in the
middle of the body The posterior end has a spine,
named caudal spine
Posterior end
Female
Male
Caudal spine
Spicula
Rhabditiform larvae are passed in the stool – as diagnostic stage
Measure 200 x 300 Owning esophagus and bulbus
esophagus at anterior one-fourths of the body
Rhabditiform larvae in the stool
RHABDITIFORM LARVAE
Strongyloides stercoralisStrongyloides stercoralisMORFOLOGI
Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology. Prayong Radomyos, dkk.Click “Esc”button
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Male worm and larvaeClick “Esc”button
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Strongyloides stercoralisStrongyloides stercoralisMORPHOLOGY
MORPHOLOGY Adult worm
Expansions of the cuticula Expansions of the cuticula at the anterior endat the anterior end
((alae cefalic lateralalae cefalic lateral) ) No buccal capsule,but is No buccal capsule,but is
providedprovided 3 3 lipslips DoDorsalrsal (1) (1) LLateroventralateroventral (2) (2)
OesophOesophagus agus with with posterior bulb posterior bulb (Oesophageal bulb)(Oesophageal bulb) Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.
Prayong Radomyos, dkk.
Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularis ( Pinworm( Pinworm ) )
MeasuresMeasures ((22--55)) x (0,1-0,3) mmx (0,1-0,3) mm
Source : Color Atlas of Medicine and Parasitology. 1977W. Peters & H.M. Gillers
MALEMALE
Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.Prayong Radomyos, dkk.
Single spicule is Single spicule is seldom seenseldom seen
Posterior end Posterior end (curved tail)(curved tail)
Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularis
MORPHOLOGY Adult worm
* Measures* Measures (8-13) x (0,3- (8-13) x (0,3-0,5)0,5) mm mm
* * VulvaVulva in front of the in front of the middle third of the bodymiddle third of the body
* * Vagina Vagina is relatively longis relatively long * In gravid females uteri are * In gravid females uteri are
tremendously distended is tremendously distended is packed with eggspacked with eggs
* Postanal is sharply pointed * Postanal is sharply pointed (formed from hyaline (formed from hyaline tissue)tissue)
FEMALEFEMALE
Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.Prayong Radomyos, dkk.
Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularisMORPHOLOGY Adult worm
* * MeasuresMeasures 55 x 25 55 x 25 micrometersmicrometers
* Elongate ovoidal, * Elongate ovoidal, flattened on one sideflattened on one side
* The shell is relatively * The shell is relatively thick and colorlessthick and colorless
* L* Larvaarvae may be visible e may be visible within the within the embryonated eggsembryonated eggs
OVUMOVUM
Source : Atlas of Medical Parasitology.Prayong Radomyos, dkk.
Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularisMORPHOLOGY
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April 2006
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