labor dr. kupfer · 2014-12-16 · examination report of the dr. kupfer laboratory no:07-1861 page...

LABOR DR. KUPFERPettenkoferstraße 16 - 18

D - 10247 Berlin

Phone +49 30 55152181 · Fax +49 30 55152181

e-mail [email protected]

Examination Report (1. Execution)

Customer Date of receipt

Report No.

Examination date

Report date

Qualification Test of Ceramic Façade-Cladding Components with Regard to Repeated Chemical Graffiti Removal

“TOnALiTy CLAssiC OBERFLäChEnvEREDELT”

The Examination Report applies exclusively to the material samples submitted by the customer.

The Examination Report comprises 11 pages.

October 16, 2007

07-1861

October 25, 2007 – November 21, 2007

November 21, 2007

CREATON AG

Dillinger Straße 60

86637 Wertingen

Gütegemeinschaf Anti-Graffiti e.V Bestelltes Prüfinstitut

No. 01-23-06-1999

t .

Contents

1 General preliminary remark 32 Work program 32.1 Characterization of the original condition 32.2 Basic test 32.3 Stress test 32.4 Functional test as regards felt-tip inks 33 Samples 43.1 Description of the samples 43.2 Characterization of the samples 44 Choice of cleaning agent 55 Cleaning methodology 56 Examination results 56.1 Basic test 56.1.1 Functionality 56.1.2 Visual evaluation of the samples after the cleaning 76.2 Stress test 76.2.1 Functionality 76.2.2 Visual evaluation of the samples after the cleaning 76.3 Functionality with regard to felt-tip ink 97 Conclusions 11

Examination Report of the Dr. Kupfer Laboratory no:07-1861 of 11

General preliminary remark1

The Dr. Kupfer Laboratory of Berlin examined by order of CREATON AG ceramic façade-cladding components of the “Tonality Classic Oberflächenveredelt” series (model: bright red) with regard to their anti-graffiti effect. The necessary testing procedures oriented on the Regulations on Evaluating Techniques, Technologies and Materials for removing and Preventing Graffiti (ReGG) of the Gütegemeinschaft Anti-Gaffiti e.V.1 (Version 2000, see enclosure) and on the LABKUPFER2 examination methodology.

Work program2

2.1 Characterization of the original conditionDetermination of the color (CIE-L*a*b*-system, standard light D 65, 10° standard observer), of the degree of gloss, as well as of the surface structure (average surface roughness Rz[DIN EN ISO 4287]). Measuring of the impregnation value (IW) as extent of moisture absorption3.

2.2 Basic test Determination of the functionality after application of 10 defined colors and their chemical removal (see ReGG).

2.3 Stress testDetermination of the durability of the functionality with regard to the application of four selected colors (see ReGG) and their cleaning using a chemical graffiti cleaner in the course of 15 cleaning cycles. Determination of color, gloss and surface structure of the sample during the cleaning attempts.

2.4 Functional test as regards felt-tip inksDetermination of the functionality after application of 60 defined felt-tip inks (see ReGG) and their chemical removal.

1 TheGütegemeinschaftAnti-Graffitie.V.isaGermanassociationofspecializedmanufactur-ersandcontractors,researchinstitutions,publicbodiesandprivatepersonsconcernedandinvolveddirectlyorindirectlywiththeproblemofremovingandpreventinggraffitiandaimingtoensurealevelofsufficientqualityoftheproductsdesignedtoremoveandpreventthegraffiti.2 ThetermLABKUPFERdescribesontheonehandthetestingproceduresofferedtotheGüte-gemeinschaftAnti-Graffitie.V.forusebytheDr.KupferLaboratoryin1999(ReGG,Edition2000).Ontheotherhand,italsoincludesthetestingproceduresusedbytheDr.KupferLaboratory(2007)inaddition.3 „ProcedurefortheEvaluationoftheConditionofBuildingMaterialsTreatedwithAnti-GraffitiSystems”Dr.MichaelKupfer,2007,patentpending.


Samples3

3.1 Description of the samplesThe samples are ceramic façade-cladding components that according to the manufacturer, have been finished in the course of the manufacturing process using the “KERALIS” procedure to the effect that they subsequently offer durable anti-graffiti characteristics. The removal of the graffiti is possible without further preparation by means of a chemical graffiti cleaner. The anti-graffiti characteristics will not be changed in the course of the cleaning.

3.2 Characterization of the samplesThe measuring results as regards color, gloss and surface structure of the samples in their original condition are displayed in table 1.

The color values reflect the visual appearance of the “bright red” sample supplied by the manufacturer. As the reflectometer was determined with 22.3 at the measuring geometry of 85° and with 10.5 at the measuring geometry of 60°, the samples are to be described in their original condition as “semi-glossy and semi-matt” in accordance with EN 1062-1. The measuring of the surface structure verifies a slight average surface roughness. The impregnation value IW after 60 seconds is zero and thus indicates that the sample does not absorb any moisture.

Table 1: Presentation of the measuring results

Color1)

Gloss2)

(SD)

Surfacestructure3)

(SD)L*

(SD)a*

(SD)b*

(SD)

Tile 140.66(1.07)

15.95(0.20)

10.79(0.55)

10.8(0.1)

8.9(2.4)

Tile 242.59(0.83)

15.87(0.13)

11.50(0.41)

10.4(0.2)

7.5(2.3)

Tile 340.47(0.50)

15.88(0.24)

10.51(0.39)

10.4(0.2)

12.4(4.6)

1) Spectral Color Measuring Lab Spectro-Color (Dr. Lange GmbH); CIE-L*a*b* - system, stan-dard light D 65, 10° standard observer; 2) Reflectometer REFO 3D (Dr. Lange GmbH) in agreement with DIN 67530 measuring geometry 60°; 3) Profilometer Surtronic 3+ (Taylor-Hobson GmbH), measuring length 4mm, individual measuring length 0.8 mm; SD standard deviation


Choice of cleaning agent4 The color was removed using chemical graffiti cleaners. We used Biolon-G as well as a bitumen solvent - tar remover for a color on bitumen basis to carry out the said tests (manufacturer of both products: BTC Linke & SILCO TEC GmbH).

Cleaning methodology5 The actual application time of the cleaning agent onto the material surface is to be kept as short as possible. In the present concrete case, we realized a cleaning regime in the course of which the cleaning agent was applied for maximum 1 minute. After the removal of the color and of the chemical cleaner by means of an absorbent soft microfiber cloth, the samples were rinsed off with water (small amount of a household cleaner added) and carefully rubbed down using a dry soft microfiber cloth.

Examination results6

6.1 Basic test

6.1.1 Functionality

The cleaning performance is determined in agreement with the ReGG regulations on the basis of the determined values (KZ) of the cleaned test surfaces. The respective values are based on the measuring of the color value (CIE-L*a*b*-system, standard light D 65, 10° standard observer) and on an additional visual evaluation. A scale between 0 (no cleaning) and 5 (complete cleaning) (1.1) was defined for the said values.

Table 2: Used cleaning agents

Name Technical description Manufacturer

Biolon-G Liquid graffiti cleaner for the removal of color on walls and mineral surfaces (plaster,

etc.).Composition: Monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acid ester, alkyldiglycols, alkyl-

polyglycolether

BTC Linke & SILCO TEC GmbH,

Großbreitenbach

Bitumen solvent

–tar remover

Special cleaning agent for the removal of bitumen and/or tarComposition: aliphatic

hydrocarbons

BTC Linke & SILCO TEC GmbH,

Großbreitenbach

( )0 5 1.1KZ =


The resulting cleaning performance is calculated on the basis of the values KZ in the parameter C according to the formula (1.2).

The maximum attainable cleaning performance C = 100 stands for the complete removal of all ten colors.

The results of the basic test of the presented samples are displayed in table 3.

( )1

2 (5 ) n = 1 .. 10 1.2n

ii

C KZ=

= ⋅ −∑

Table 3: Evaluation of functionality

Material Color

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X Indicator C

Biolon-G/Bitumen solvent – tar remo-

ver*

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

100

Note: Evaluation of the value 0 (complete removal) to value 5 (no cleaning); Indicator C = 2 x (5 – KZ) for all values KZ; ideal systems with indicator C = 100*) exclusively for color 5; standard deviation in parentheses

1 2

3Illustration 1Sample with colors

Illustration 2Numbering of the colors

Illustration 3Samples after the cleaning


6.1.2 Visual evaluation of the samples after the cleaning

Table 4 displays the measuring values of color, glass and surface structure after a period 2 hours following the first cleaning.

6.2 Stress test

6.2.1 Functionality

After completion of the basic test, the samples have been exposed to a stress test. All subsequent 14 additional cleaning cycles of the stress test demonstrated a complete removal of the color. Accor-dingly, the parameter C is always 100.

6.2.2 Visual evaluation of the samples after the cleaning

In addition to the attainable functionality, the quality features of surfaces with anti-graffiti cha-racteristics also include the extent to which the color, the gloss and the surface structure of certain monitor surfaces change in the course of the stress test compared with their condition after the first cleaning. The corresponding results are shown in the following illustrations.

Table 4: Presentation of measuring results

Original conditionMeasuring

2 hours after the 1. cleaning

Measuring 2 hours after the

15. cleaning

Color1)

L*41.24(1.27)

43.13(0.33)

42.81(0.26)

a*15.90(0.20)

15.90(0.38)

15.92(0.23)

b*10.93(0.62)

11.69(0.13)

12.32(0.29)

Gloss2)

Reflectometer value10.5(0.2)

10.5(0.3)

10.4(0.3)

Surfacestructure3)

Roughness parameter RZ

9.6(3.9)

10.5(4.8)

9.1(1.4)

1) Spectral Color Measuring Lab Spectro-Color (Dr. Lange GmbH); CIE-L*a*b* - system, standard light D 65, 10° standard observer; 2) Reflectometer REFO 3D (Dr. Lange GmbH) in agreement with DIN 67530 measu-ring geometry 60°; 3) Profilometer Surtronic 3+ (Taylor-Hobson GmbH), measuring length 4mm, indivi-dual measuring length 0.8 mm


The color difference ∆E results from the differences between the individual components – always in relation to the measuring values of the original condition – brightness L* as well as a* (red/green) and b* (yellow/blue) according to (1.3).

The ∆E-value varies within the determined variation range by approx. 0.8 units.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Cycle

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

∆E-v

alu

e

Illustration 5

Color differences during the stress test

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415Cycle

0.0

4.0

8.0

12.0

Ref

lect

om

eter

val

ue

Illustration 6

Gloss changes during the stress test (measuring geometry 60°)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )2 2 2 1.3E L a b∗ ∗ ∗∆ = ∆ + ∆ + ∆


The degree of gloss was determined for the measuring geometry of 60°. The degree of gloss proved to remain virtually unchanged in the course of the stress test.

The surface structure, which is characterized by the determination of the parameter Rz, does not change much in the course of the stress test.

6.3 Functionality with regard to felt-tip ink

Felt-tip pens, particularly on smooth surfaces of inside and outside walls, represent a widespread color scrawling. The Regulations on Evaluating Techniques, Technologies and Materials for remo-ving and Preventing Graffiti (ReGG) include additional functional tests with selected felt-tip inks that are required for the qualification of anti-graffiti characteristics of building material surfaces.

For the purpose of testing the presented sample, we have applied 60 different felt-tip inks to a test tile manufactured by the company analogously to the samples designed for the basic and stress tests (see ReGG).

The cleaning was effected after two days with the cleaning agent Biolon-G and using the same cleaning technology as used in the course of the basic and stress tests. After the cleaning, there were no color shades of the 60 colors (see illustration 8 to 10) visible on the sample.

Illustration 7

Change of roughness during the stress test

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415Cycle

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Rz

in µ

m


Illustration 8

Sample with color

Illustration 9

Numbering of the colors

Illustration 10

Sample after the cleaning

8 9

10


Conclusions7 We have examined ceramic façade-cladding components of the “Tonality Classic Oberflächenveredelt” series in agreement with the requirements of the Gütegemeinschaft Anti-Graffiti e.V. with regard to their anti-graffiti characteristics.

The evaluation of the basic and stress tests demonstrated that the permanent and complete removal of the pre-determined colors was possible by using the selected cleaning agents Biolon-G and the bitumen solvent - tar remover (manufacturer of both products: BTC Linke & SILCO TEC GmbH).

The examined ceramic façade components thus fall within the special category . This category stands for surfaces with high-quality anti-graffiti characteristics allowing for at least 15 cleanings with a cleaning result of at least 90% with regard to the colors used in the course of the test.

There are no significant changes of the parameters color, gloss and surface structure recognizable after the chemical cleaning. Even as far as moisture absorption (IW-value) is concerned, the sample does not absorb any moisture compared to its original condition.

The additional 60-color-test allowed for a complete chemical cleaning of the color.

The evaluation of the anti-graffiti effect of the ceramic façade components of the “Tonality Classic Oberflächenveredelt” series in accordance with the Regulations on Evaluating Techniques, Technologies and Materials for removing and Preventing Graffiti (ReGG) of the Gütegemeinschaft Anti-Gaffiti e.V. (Edition 2000) as well as with the LABKUPFER examination methodology allows for their listing in the classification category “excellent”.

Dr.M.Kupfer

90%15C

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