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LABORATORY MANUAL

inSOCIAL SCIENCE

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School Stamp Dated

Signature

CONTENTSActivity Topic Page

(v)

GEOGRAPHY

Chapter 1: Our Environment 9 – 11

Chapter 2: Inside Our Earth 12 – 14

Chapter 3: Our Changing Earth 15 – 17

Chapter 4: Air 18 – 21

Chapter 5: Water 22 – 23

Chapter 6: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife 24 – 26

Chapter 7: Human Environment – Settlement,

Transport and Communication 27 – 28

Chapter 8: Human Environment Interactions –

The Tropical and the Subtropical Region 29 – 31

Chapter 9: Life in the Temperate Grasslands 32 – 33

Chapter 10: Life in the Deserts 34 – 35

HISTORY

Chapter 1: Tracing changes Through a Thousand Years 36 – 38

Chapter 2: New Kings and Kingdoms 39 – 41

Chapter 3: The Delhi Sultans 42 – 44

Chapter 4: The Mughal Period 45 – 47

Chapter 5: Rulars and Buildings 48 – 50

Chapter 6: Towns, Traders and Craftspersons 51 – 53

Chapter 7: Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities 54 – 56

Chapter 8: Devotional Path to The Divine 57 – 59

Chapter 9: The Making of Regional Cultures 60 – 62

Chapter 10: Eighteenth Century Political Formations 63 – 65

CIVICS

Chapter 1: Equality in Indian Democracy 66 – 67

Chapter 2: The State Government 68 – 70

Chapter 3: Role Played by Gender 71 – 72

Chapter 4: Media and Advertising 73 – 75

Chapter 5: Market Around Us 76 – 78

Chapter 6: Struggles for Equality 79 – 80

PREFACE

(vi)

CBSE always believe in Global Trends of Educational Transformation. The CBSE

curriculum gets its lead from National Curriculum Framework – 2005 and Right to Free and

Compulsory Education Act – 2009. As said by John Holt “We learn to do something by

doing it. There is no other way” is very true and this is the reason why CBSE has incorporated

Laboratory Practicals as a part of curriculum of class 6 to 8, so that students can perform what

they learn in their classrooms.

The Laboratory Manuals for Classes 6 to 8 have been developed so as to supplement the

need of the students to prepare for laboratory work/project work and learn concepts in with

more accuracy and depth.

This Laboratory Manuals include all Projects, Activities and Experiments as specified in

latest CBSE curriculum. At the end of every activity Viva Voce questions have been given for

extra practice. Projects have been added to facilitate collective efforts and extension of

learning to real life. Some brain teasers have also been added with answers and hints for

practice.

These books are strictly according to the latest CBSE guidelines, and contain more than

sufficient Viva Voce questions, which help students in practicing and completing the

Laboratory work. All activities and experiments are always checked twice. Since we believe in

continuous improvement, hence this book has been written with accuracy as well as updated

as per CBSE guidelines and reviewed at different tiers by panel of experts.

We are sure that this book will serve as a perfect teaching guide for the teachers and a

wholesome Laboratory Manual for the students. It is expected that they will take full

advantage of our knowledge and experience.

At last we would like to thank our authors, editors, reviewers and specially students who

regularly send us suggestions which helps in continuous improvement of this book and

makes this book stand in the category of “One of the Best”. Wish you all Happy Learning.

–Publisher

Sr. No. Activity / Project

Remarks/Signature

Record of the Activities/Projects performed

PageNo.Date

(vii)

Sr. No. Activity / Project

Remarks/Signature

PageNo.Date

(viii)

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The environment consists of the living and non-living things that surrounds us. It consists of the natural and the human-made environments.

The lithosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere make up the physical environment.The region where all three intersect, and where life exists, is the biosphere. All living things have their own habitats.

A community of living things, working together with the abiotic factors in their environment, form an ecosystem. Ecosystem can be natural (forest, coral reefs, etc.) or artificial (aquariums, agricultural land, etc.)

The human-made environment consists of built and socio-cultural components. Humans either adapt to their natural environment or modify the environment to suit their needs.

Increasing human activity has led to environmental degradation through deforestation, pollution, etc.

Identify these two Indian environmentalists who have spent several years of their lives fighting to save the environment. The person on the left launched the Chipko Movement, and the person on the right the Narmada Bachao Andolan.

9

Chapter 1

OUR ENVIRONMENT

¦Let's Revise

ACTIVITY 1

GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

Oswaal CBSE Laboratory Manual ForClass 7 Social Science

Publisher : Oswaal Books ISBN : 9789351277415 Author : Panel Of Experts

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