lacnic-caribe 2008 / curaçao - anjuly 21/22 2008 ricardo patara - lacnic how to apply for internet...
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LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
Ricardo Patara - Ricardo Patara - LACNICLACNIC
How to Apply for Internet How to Apply for Internet ResourcesResources
andand
Current PoliciesCurrent Policies
How to Apply for Internet How to Apply for Internet ResourcesResources
andand
Current PoliciesCurrent Policies
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
AgendaAgenda
Internet Resources Distribution Policies LACNIC Policies
IPv4, IPv6, ASN, Inverse DNS Delegation How to apply for Internet Resources
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
Internet Resources DistributionInternet Resources Distribution
Internet Resources: finite set and globally available.
Its distribution should follows certain criteria such as : justified need.
According to RFC 2050, it should also guarantees:
Uniqueness, Conservation, Routability and Registration
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
Internet Resources DistributionInternet Resources Distribution
Conservation:
Fair distribution of globally unique Internet address space according to the operational needs... Prevention of stockpiling in order to maximize the lifetime of the Internet address space.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
Internet Resources DistributionInternet Resources Distribution
Routability:
Distribution of globally unique Internet in an hierarchical manner, permitting the routing scalability of the address ...
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
Internet Resources DistributionInternet Resources Distribution
Registration:
Provisioning of a public registry documenting address space allocation and assignment. This is necessary to ensure uniquenessuniqueness...
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
Internet Resources DistributionInternet Resources Distribution
IANAIANA
ISPISP End UserEnd User
End UserEnd User End UserEnd User
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) is a function of ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), and takes care of assignment of numeric resources (IP blocks, ASN, protocol numbers, etc).
AFRINICAFRINIC APNICAPNIC ARINARIN LACNICLACNIC RIPERIPE
ISPISP
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
Internet Resources DistributionInternet Resources Distribution
They all use a set of written criteria or policies for the distribution of Internet Resources.
Policy creation follows bottom-up process: addressing community needs and technology development
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
Internet Resources DistributionInternet Resources Distribution
LACNIC policies for Internet Resources Distribution:
Some parts from inherited from ARIN Adjust to community/region needs:
9 public forum meetings since then More than 20 proposals turned into policies.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC PoliciesLACNIC Policies
Important terms:
ISP End-user Allocation Assignment Multihomed Singlehomed
Membership Registration fee Maintenance fee
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC PoliciesLACNIC Policies
ISP
Organization that will use the IP address space to provide services to third parties.
End user
Organization that will use IP address space inside its own infrastructure and to provide services.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC PoliciesLACNIC Policies
Allocation
The act of issuing IP address space to ISP, for further sub allocations to its customers (ISP or end-users)
Assignment
The act of issuing IP address space to End-Users for its use internally to its organization
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC PoliciesLACNIC Policies
Multihomed
An organization connected to the internet through two or more independent transit providers
Singlehomed
An organization connect to the internet through only one transit provider.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC PoliciesLACNIC Policies
Membership
According to LACNIC bylaws, any organization allocated/assigned a IP address space (v4 or v6), is LACNIC member
What entitles the organization to attend LACNIC meetings, to vote on member meetings, be part of the board.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC PoliciesLACNIC Policies
Fees
Registration fee once approved to receive a Internet resource.
Maintenance fee. To maintain registration information Inverse DNS delegation IP Administration System, etc
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC PoliciesLACNIC Policies
Set of policies for allocation and assignment of Public address space.
Out of scope: private resources Private (RFC 1918): Internal address for private
networks. Reserved: Multicast ...
Initial and additional process.
Inverse DNS delegation.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv4LACNIC Policies - IPv4
Use of Classless schema (CIDR – Classless Inter Domain Routing)
To avoid fragmentation To optimize routing
IP address allocated on “right of use” or lease basis. Not a possession!Not a possession!
Allocation or assignment valid as long as initial needs/justification keeps valid
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv4LACNIC Policies - IPv4
Initial allocation to ISP:
Minimal allocation size: /21 (2048 IPs) Justification:
Demonstrate currentcurrent useuse or immediateimmediate needneed of a IP block of /23 prefix.
Send a plan to use /22 in one year Agree to renumber from previous address
block.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv4LACNIC Policies - IPv4
Initial allocation to ISP (continued):
For bigger blocks (/20, larger) Justification:
If Multihomed: currently using at least /22 block If Singlehomed: currently using at least /21 block
Send a plan to use /20 in one year Agree to renumber from previous address
block.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv4LACNIC Policies - IPv4
Initial DirectDirect allocation to ISP:
Minimal allocation size: /20 (4096 IPs) Justification:
Organization starting its business, with important inversion and no previous Internet Providers nor IP address allocation. Should be multihomed.
Send information about acquisitions, contract with upstreams providers, network topology, services portfolios, usage plan.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv4LACNIC Policies - IPv4
Micro assignment for critical structure:
Special policy for organization with key roles in the Internet: ccTLDs, RIRs, IXPs ...
Minimal assignment size: /24 (256 IPs) Justification:
Demonstrate its role as one of mentioned organization.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv4LACNIC Policies - IPv4
Initial assignment for End-Users
If MultihomedMultihomed
Minimal assignment size: /24 (256 IPs) Justification.
Current use of at least a /25 IP block. Send usage plan for 3, 6 and 12 months Agree to renumber from previous block.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv4LACNIC Policies - IPv4
Initial assignment for End-Users
If SinglehomedSinglehomed
Minimal assignment size: /20 (4096 IPs) Justification.
Current use of at least a /21 IP block. Send usage plan for 3, 6 and 12 months Agree to renumber from previous block.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv4LACNIC Policies - IPv4
Initial assignment for End-Users
Both cases should observe:
25% immediate usage rate of requested block25% immediate usage rate of requested block
50% one-year usage rate of requested block 50% one-year usage rate of requested block
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv4LACNIC Policies - IPv4
Additional allocation / assignment:
Show utilization of at least 80% of previous allocated address space.
Verification of sub allocation/assignment registered in LACNIC database (every /29 or smaller allocation should be registered)
Verification of inverse DNS delegation
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv6LACNIC Policies - IPv6
Initial/original policy:
Globally coordinated Allocations only to ISPs
Due to routing constraints / large size of total address space.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv6LACNIC Policies - IPv6
Currently:
Minimal allocation size: /32 (a lot of IPs) Justification:
Be a LIR or ISP; Plan for services and connectivity to be offered. Announce a single block to the routing system in
no longer than 12 months Offer service via IPv6 to clients or related entities
in no longer than 24 months.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv6LACNIC Policies - IPv6
Micro assignment for critical structure:
Similar to IPv4. Organizations with key roles in the internet: ccTLDs, RIRs, IXPs ...
Assignment Size: /48 to /32 (maximal) Concerns about routing filters... it is changingit is changing.
Justification: Demonstrate its role as one of mentioned
organization.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv6LACNIC Policies - IPv6
Returning First allocation for a bigger one:
Organization with only one IPv6 allocation can return it within 6 months in order to apply for a new and bigger one.
This can be done only once Same criteria as initial/first application. New and more elaborated utilization plan.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - IPv6LACNIC Policies - IPv6
Additional allocation / assignment
Utilization of previous address space should meet a threshold in terms /48 assignments.
HD-Ratio of 0.94
HD= Log(number of allocated objects)
Log(max number of allocatable objects)
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - ASNLACNIC Policies - ASN
Autonomous System Number (ASN)
Organizations currently multihomed or planning to become one (within two weeks)
Organization with different routing policy compared to the one of the upstream
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - ASNLACNIC Policies - ASN
Autonomous System Number (ASN)
16 Bits ASN. Currently used/default Finite space: 0 – 65535 (64512 – 65535
Private/reserved) New Version: 32 Bits
Notation in discussion: X.Y (4.0 ~ 4.1023) RFC4893 BGP Support for Four-octet AS Number.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies - ASNLACNIC Policies - ASN
16 bits / 32 bits ASN
From Jan/2007 ~ Dec/2008: 16 bits default. 32 bits when requested
From Jan/2009 ~ Dec/2009: 32 bits default. 16 bits when requested
From Jan/2010: no more distinction: Range from 0.0 to 65535.65535 (where 0.0 ~
0.65535 previous 16bits space)
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies – Inverse DNSLACNIC Policies – Inverse DNS
Inverse DNS resolution:
IP address to name Once used for security mechanisms. Logs More recently as spam control and to constrain
other abusive activities.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies – Inverse DelegationLACNIC Policies – Inverse Delegation
Inverse DNS delegation:
Required for any allocation/assignment Also used as indication of
allocated/assigned address space utilization.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies – Inverse DelegationLACNIC Policies – Inverse Delegation
Lame Delegation Control:
DNS delegation considered “lame”, when delegated server has no information about the DNS zone it was delegated for.
Query overload on main servers: requeries Delegations with “lame” servers are
removed from main LACNIC DNS servers.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
LACNIC Policies – Inverse DelegationLACNIC Policies – Inverse Delegation
Lame Delegation Control:
Entire inverse zone (in-addr.arpa, ip6.arpa) under LACNIC control checked daily.
Lame servers marked (status in whois output)
Tech contacts warned every 15 days while problem persist.
Inverse delegation with problem removed after 60 days.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply for Internet Resources
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to applyHow to apply
Organizations located in LACNIC coverage area: http://lacnic.net/sp/sobre-lacnic/cobertura
Not necessary to become member first
Organizations with IP address allocation became member automatically
Text based templates
Email to [email protected]
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to applyHow to apply
One template for each and every type of resources
Initial part equal to any of them:
Organization information: name, postal address, phone number, Organization-id (in the case of additional request)
Points of contact: admin, tech, billing, membership.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to applyHow to apply
Initial part equal to any of them:0a. Organization ID. (OwnerID): 0a. Organization ID. (OwnerID):
0b. Name of the Organization: 0b. Name of the Organization:
0c. Postal address: 0c. Postal address:
0d. City: 0d. City:
0e. State: 0e. State:
0f. Country: 0f. Country:
0g. ZIP Code: 0g. ZIP Code:
1a. ID. technical contact (UserID): 1a. ID. technical contact (UserID):
1b. ID. billing contact (UserID): 1b. ID. billing contact (UserID):
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to applyHow to apply
Organization ID created when of first allocation/assignment
Point of contacts should be created by each contact:
Web form: https://lacnic.net/newid Personal information, language preference,
personal password... An UserID created and sent by email.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to applyHow to apply
Basic work flow: RequestRequestRequestRequest
VerificationVerificationprocessprocess
VerificationVerificationprocessprocess
ApprovalApprovalApprovalApproval DenialDenialDenialDenialFeeFeeFeeFee
RSARSARSARSA
Allocation concludedAllocation concludedAllocation concludedAllocation concluded
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv4 / ISPHow to apply – IPv4 / ISP
Provide information about:
Upstream providers: name, postal address, ASN. If multihomed, repeat it as many upstream in use.
Current IP blocks and its usage rates: If initial request: IP blocks currently allocated by
upstreams If additional request: IP blocks previously allocated
by LACNIC.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv4 / ISPHow to apply – IPv4 / ISP
Provide information about (continued):
IP address block prefix needed (CIDR notation: /20, /21, etc ...)
One year usage plan of requested block Number of addresses needed for each service
provided (dedicated access, dial-up, dsl, cable, wireless, others)
Any additional information that might useful to better understand the need.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv4 / ISPHow to apply – IPv4 / ISP
Verification process
Utilization of current blocks: Should meet requirements for initial request and
80% for additional Information about reassignments and its
justification. Internal usage (routers, servers, etc). Internal registration database, inverse delegation Extra information requested as needed. Agree to renumber (if initial)
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv4 / ISPHow to apply – IPv4 / ISP
Once approved:
If initial, organization should sign RSA (Registration Service Agreement). Pay registration fee.
If additional, no need for registration fee neither document signing.
Organization contractual status must be okay. Allocation is only completed once satisfied
previous steps/verifications.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv4 / End userHow to apply – IPv4 / End user
Provide information about:
Upstream providers: name, postal address, ASN. If multihomed, repeat it as many upstream in use.
Current IP blocks in use: Its distribution internally: departments, number of
equipments, purposes, etc
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv4 / End userHow to apply – IPv4 / End user
Provide information about (continued):
Number of IP address needed/being requested.
Utilization/distribution plan for: immediately, 3, 6 and 12 months.
Sub net plans, number of departments, number of equipments, public services/servers.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv4 / End userHow to apply – IPv4 / End user
Verification process
Utilization of current blocks: Should meet requirements for initial request and
80% for additional. Inverse delegation Extra information requested as needed. Agree to renumber (if initial)
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv4 / End userHow to apply – IPv4 / End user
Once approved:
Registration Fee (either initial or additional)
If initial, organization should also sign RSA (Registration Service Agreement)
If additional organization contractual status must be okay.
Allocation is only completed once satisfied previous steps/verifications.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv4 / Critical InfraHow to apply – IPv4 / Critical Infra
Organizations with keys roles for internet: ccTLD operators, IXP, RIRs
Minimal size: /24
Information necessary:
Confirmation about its activity. ccTLD: checking IANA information about
organization role IXP: incorporation act, list of potential members,
open policy for member joining.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv6How to apply – IPv6
Provide information about:
Upstream providers: name, postal address, ASN, and its ability to route IPv6.
Address distribution plan: Planed prefixes for each type of customer, for equipments, POPs, etc.
Planed IPv6 enabled services.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv6How to apply – IPv6
Verification process
Organization should be a Internet provider (internal or external to the organization)
Current IPv4 allocation/utilization (specially in cases of larger prefix requests)
Should compromise to start announcing prefix within 12 months, and to offer IPv6 enabled services within 24 months
No registration fee at the moment
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – IPv6 / Critical InfraHow to apply – IPv6 / Critical Infra
Organizations with keys roles for internet: ccTLD operators, IXP, RIRs
Minimal size: /48
Information necessary:
Confirmation about its activity. ccTLD: checking IANA information about
organization role IXP: incorporation act, list of potential members,
open policy for member joining.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – ASNHow to apply – ASN
Provide information about:
Upstream providers. At least two if applying as multihomed.
Providers currently contracted or in the 2 weeks time frame to conclude.
Detailed explanation about policy routing Should be a routing policy different from the
upstream provider. For instance, connection to an IXP.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
How to apply – ASNHow to apply – ASN
Verification process:
Independent IP address space: Some providers would not accept routing part of a
second provider address space portion. Information about the routing policy and
upstream providers. If 32 bits ASN:
Currently checking about understating about it.
LACNIC-CARIBE 2008 / Curaçao - AN July 21/22 2008
Thank you!