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Wednesday, December 31, 2008

Pakistan's Existing Education System: Guest Post by Mr. Fida Hussain SayaniBy Imran Ghazali | 15396 Views | 21 Comments |

Pakistan's Existing Education System:

Guest Post by Mr. Fida Hussain Sayani

Before I elaborate on the existing education system, it is important to highlight the system we

inherited from the British Raj in 1947. A classic example is NJV High School on Bunder Road,

presently Mohammad Ali Jinnah Road. I joined the school in 1949, at that time this Sindh

Government School was considered the elitist school where the cream of the crop of Sindh used tosend their children for education from class 5 to 11. After graduation the student had to move to the

college for intermediate education. This school was not only for the children of elite of Sindh but also

for the children coming from all walks of life including the orphan children of Vazir RahimBoarding. The School by having the children coming from different strata of Sindhi culture both

Hindus and Muslims and gave them the same standard education, hence a bond was created between

the rich and the poor resulting in a homogenous environment.

Today the government school system does not offer that environment and opportunity. Ours is a verydivisive education system which has created a huge gap between the have's and have not's, hence we

have Babus and Seths. This divisive system having penetrated deeply in to our culture, the results of

which are right in front of our eyes. The different tiers have been created in our system over a periodof 60 years to facilitate the hold of the elite over the governing of our nation. Until and unless drastic

action is taken to correct the education system we are bound to end up in chaos, the rays of which are

already showing.

Today our multiple tier education system can be highlighted in the following categories:

Cambridge Education system: This foreign education system is exclusively for the children of very

rich so that they can after graduation go overseas for higher education on the foreign exchangeprovided to them by Pakistan Sate Bank.

Pakistan Secondary Education system: This is provided by private and government schools, one

for the middle class and other for the poor. The one for the middle class has medium instruction in

English and the other one in Urdu. The children from these institutions, if they happen to have good
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grades and the parental financial capital go to the colleges of their preference and the rest either

become clerk/ cashiers/ sales person in a shop/ worker in the factory/ any other work which comes inthere way.

Maderessah Education System: This is supposed to provide religious education; however, the

results in front of us provide a very dangerous scenario.

This one has no name and consists of children who are born in misery and die in misery.

Can this above scenario be corrected? Definitely YES.Can it be done in one Massive surgery? Definitely NO.

The course of action is that it has to be corrected over a longer period of time; any quick method in

correcting the present different tiers of this system will create a chaos which will dwarf thenationalization of banks and insurance companies by Z.A. Bhutto.

The most immediate action would be to create a one tier system on paper after thorough research to

be done by educationalist and men of science, technology, business, finance, law, agriculture and

others. Once the system is in place, the next stage will be to bring the existing government schools incompliance with the new one tier system of education. This goal can be achieved in 2-3 years if done

in a crash course. Once the middle class comes to know that the free government schools are offeringa same or better education than the private schools charging fees, they will immediately switch the

school for there children, Once this is achieved, the time will be perfect to ban the Cambridge system

of education in Pakistan.

In a unified Pakistan, there has to be one education system for all the children of Pakistan. This will

lead us to Unity, Faith and Discipline. The cry of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Quaid-e-Azam.

=============

2nd Part:

Primary and Secondary Education in Pakistan, its Deficiencies and Rectification:

Education is a must for civilization. Today a dark clouds hovers over Pakistan, where illiteracy is onthe increase due to negligence of the government of Pakistan, which spends only 1% of the GDP on

education for 160 million population of the country. The illiteracy level which is tied to the povertylevel goes hand in hand and the tragedy of Pakistan is that all the successive administrations since its

birth 61 years ago have failed to address the issue of Education.

To address the subject of this paper, it is important to identify the relevant issues which have brought

the illiteracy to this elevated level. In this high tech world this elevated level of poverty and illiteracy

is not acceptable and it is important to identify the weakness of the governments approach to the


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present level of education and rectify the situation.

1. Quality of education at the time of independence.2. What went wrong over a period of 61 years.3. What a mess we are in at the present stage.4. How to face the Education carnage and provide rectification

1. Quality of Education at the time of independent.

Government Primary Schools ( Grade 1-4 ) and Secondary Schools ( grade 5-11 ), before the birth of

Pakistan gave a quality education in the Province of Sindh which attracted children of the elite aswell working class parents. After all Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Quaid-e-Azam, creator of Pakistanis a product of Sind Madressah School, Karachi. He, after completing his Metric level schooling,

proceeded to London and returned as Bar-At-Law. NJV High School, Karachi, also gave another

Bar-At-Law, who is a renowned Attorney of Pakistan, Mr. Abdul Hafeez Pirzada. In the early 50's

the same school had sons of Dr. Shams Daudpotta and many elites of Sind were on the school ledger.This heritage of good education left by British very soon started evaporating and degenerated to a

present level where even the ordinary citizen of Pakistan shy away from sending their children to a

govt. school for primary and secondary education.

2. What went wrong over a period of 61 years?

Greed and corruption were the two major factors which brought a well thought out British Raj systemof education to its knees, while India and Sri Lanka managed it well. In the case of India, they

advanced their engineering, technology and medicine to such a high standard that today they competewith the most advanced nations of the world and many American and European organization

outsource their work to India.

In Pakistan the teachers were the major factors in lowering the standard of education in the primaryand secondary schools, the main factor was greed. They would not provide a good education to the

students in the classroom. Instead they would encourage their students to take tuition at the home ofthe teachers, so the teacher could generate more money in his/her pocket; other teachers were purelycorrupt, they would take money and help the student in getting the upgrade in there mark sheet. Some

would let the students use unfair methods in the examination hall. When a teacher indulges in these

unfair methods he looses self respect in the eyes of his student.

As Pakistan was getting older the students in Pakistan were getting bolder, and at one stage they used


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knives and guns to get the kind of grade they wanted from there teachers. When the government

school lost their creditability, the carpetbaggers moved in the private sector. Now this does not meanthat all in private sectors were bad. Then came Bhutto's Regime, he nationalized all good and bad

schools and literally destroyed whatever was left of a good system we inherited from the British Raj.

Bhutto was followed by Gen. Zia who thru his brand of Islam destroyed the total education system.

He is the man who is fully responsible for creating a five tier education system in Pakistan

3. What a mess we are in at the present stage.

The education system we have on our hands in 2008 is in total shambles and we are producingmatriculate from these schools with very little skills and absolutely no command over the English

language, which today is the language of science, technology, commerce, finance and marketing.Today even a country like China is putting higher emphasis on this language. Of course four

Scandinavian countries declared English as a compulsory subject in there schools almost 40 years

ago. Today in Pakistan instead of a one tier school system, we thru our callousness have created a 4tier system of education in Pakistan, and they are as follows:

1. Cambridge Education system: this foreign education system is exclusively for the children ofvery rich so that they can after graduation go overseas for higher education on the foreign

exchange provided to them by Pakistan Sate Bank.

2. Pakistan Secondary Education system: this is provided by private and government schools,one for the middle class and other for the poor. The one for the middle class has a medium ofinstruction in English and the other one in Urdu. The children from these institutions if they

happen to have good grades and the parental financial help go to the colleges of their interestand the rest either become clerk/cashiers/sales person in a shop/ worker in the factory/ anyother work which comes their way.

3. Madressah Education System: this is supposed to provide religious education. The results ofthis education are in front of us. Except for few who do provide a true Islamic Education most

of the students of Madressah have graduated from them with a perverted ideology and hasbeen a recruiting ground for terrorism.

4. This one has no name and consists of children who are born in misery and die in misery.

4.How to face the Education Carnage and Provide Rectification.

Now this is a very tall order to remove all the discrepancies of the past 61 years. The question iswhere should we start? It is a mind boggling question and one wishes there was a simple answer.

However as a starter on paper a single integrated education system has to be established, for that we

need the minds of our best, from educationist to engineers, doctors, scientist, marketers, financiers,


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lawyers, agriculturist, all pooled together on one table to establish a curriculum from grade 1-10.

Besides the subject of science, technology and commerce a higher level of emphasis has to be placedon mother tongue and the English language. The teachers have to be trained in these subjects with

mastery.

The next stage and a crucial one is the implementation of this new curriculum. This will be harderthan the preparation of a new curriculum. The part of implementation will start with updating theeducation levels of teachers followed by selecting 10% of the primary and secondary schools of the

country and introducing the new curriculum to them. The following year another 10% of schools will

be brought into new system. If the program proceeds as planned Pakistan will have all its schools

under the new progressive education system in 10 years. However, the fruit of this miracle willbecome visible in 2-3 years when the parents of the student will come to know of this revolutionary

change in the education system. They will see the government schools providing education equal to

or better than the private school at zero fee, there will be a massive movement of student to the govt.

school. That will be a crucial time for the government to make sure that no corrupt practices takeplace and the transfer is executed in an orderly way. Once the movement of children from private to

government school has started that will be the time to ban the Cambridge system of education inPakistan.

In a unified Pakistan, there has to be one education system for all the children of Pakistan. This will

lead us to Unity, Faith and Discipline, the slogan made popular by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Quaid-e-

Azam, the Creator of Pakistan.

Education in Pakistan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Education inPakistan

Federal Ministry of Education

Provincial Education Ministries

Secretary of State (Education): Imtiaz Kazi[1]
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National education budget(2007)

Budget Rs.95,442 million (2.2% of the GDP)[2]

General details

Primary languages UrduandEnglish.

System type Mainly public

Literacy(2009)

Total 58%[1]

Male 69%[1]

Female 45%[1]

Enrollment

Total 37,462,900[2]

Primary 22,650,000[2]

Secondary 2,884,400[2]

Post secondary 1,349,000[2]

Education inPakistanis overseen by the governmentMinistry of Educationand theprovincialgovernments, whereas the federal government mostly assists in curriculum development,accreditation and some financing of research.

The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels:primary(grades onethrough five);middle(grades six through eight);high(grades nine and ten, leading to the

Secondary School Certificateor SSC);intermediate(grades eleven and twelve, leading to a

Higher Secondary (School) Certificateor HSC); anduniversityprograms leading to

undergraduateandgraduatedegrees.[3]

The literacy rate ranges from 87% inIslamabadto 20% in theKohlu District.[4]

Between 2000

2004, Pakistanis in the age group 5564 had a literacy rate of almost 30%, those aged between4554 had a literacy rate of nearly 40%, those between 2534 had a literacy rate of 50%, and

those aged 1524 had a literacy rate of more than 60%.[5]

These data indicate that, with every

passing generation, the literacy rate in Pakistan has risen by around 10%. Literacy rates varyregionally, particularly by sex. In tribal areas female literacy is 7.5%.[6]Moreover, English is fast

spreading in Pakistan, with 18 million Pakistanis[7]

(11% of the population)[7]

having a command

over the English language, which makes it the9th Largest English Speaking Nation[8]

in theworld and the 3rd largest in Asia.[7]On top of that, Pakistan produces about 445,000 university

graduates and 10,000 computer science graduates per year.[9]

Despite these statistics, Pakistan

still has one of the highest illiteracy rates in the world.[10]

Stages of formal education

Primary education

Only 80% of Pakistani children finish primary school education.[11]Furthermore, 85% of

Pakistani boys and 100% of Pakistani girls reach grade 5.[12]

The standard national system of

education is mainly inspired from theBritish system.Pre-schooleducation is designed for 35
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years old and usually consists of three stages: Play Group,NurseryandKindergarten(also called

'KG' or 'Prep'). After pre-school education, students go throughjunior schoolfrom grades 1 to 5.This is proceeded bymiddle schoolfrom grades 6 to 8. At middle school,single-sex educationis

usually preferred by the community butco-educationis also common in urban cities. The

curriculum is usually subject to the institution. The eight commonly examined disciplines are

Urdu,English,mathematics,arts,science,social studies,Islamiyatand sometimescomputerstudieswhich is subject to availability of acomputer laboratory. Some institutes also give

instruction in foreign languages such asArabic,Persian,FrenchandChinese. The language of

instruction depends on the nature of the institution itself, whether it is an English-medium schoolor an Urdu-medium school.

As of year 2009, Pakistan faces a net primary school attendance rate for both sexes of 66 per

cent. A figure below estimated world average of 90 per cent.[13]

Pakistans poor performance in the education sector is mainly caused by the low level of publicinvestment. Public expenditure on education has been 2.2 percent of GNP in recent years, a

marginal increase from 2 percent before 1984-85. In addition, the allocation of government fundsis skewed towards higher education, allowing the upper income class to reap majority of thebenefits of public subsidy on education. Lower education institutes such as primary schools

suffer under such conditions as the lower income classes are unable to enjoy subsidies and

quality education. As a result, Pakistan has one of the lowest rates of literacy in the world, andthe lowest among countries of comparative resources and socio-economic situations.[14]

Qualitative Dimension

In Pakistan, the quality of education has a declining trend. Shortage of teachers and poorly

equipped laboratories has resulted in the out-dated curriculum that has little relevance to present

day needs.

[15]

Quantitative Dimension

Causative factors include defective curricula, dual medium of instruction, poor quality ofteachers, cheating in the examinations and overcrowded classrooms. However, efforts are on the

way of moulding the curriculum to meet its national requirements.[16]

Gender Differences

There is great difference in the rates of enrollment of boys, as compared to girls in Pakistan.

According to UNESCO figures, primary school enrolment for girls stand at 60 per cent ascompared to 84 per cent for boys. The secondary school enrolment rate stands at a lower rate of

32 per cent for females and 46 per cent males. Regular school attendance for female students is

estimated at 41 per cent while that for male students is 50 per cent.[17]

Secondary education
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Secondary education in Pakistan begins from grade 10 and lasts for four years. After end of each

of the four school years, students are required to pass a national examination administered by aregional Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (or BISE).

Upon completion of grade 9, students are expected to take a standardised test in each of the first

parts of their academic subjects. They again give these tests of the second parts of the samecourses at the end of grade 10. Upon successful completion of these two examinations, they are

awarded aSecondary School Certificate(or SSC). This locally termed as 'matriculationcertificate' or 'matric' for short. The curriculum usually includes a combination of eight courses

including electives (such as Biology, Chemistry, Computing and Physics) as well as compulsory

subjects (such as Mathematics, English, Urdu, Islamiyat and Pakistani Studies).

Students then enter an intermediate college and complete grades 11 and 12. Upon completion of

each of the two grades, they again take standardised tests in their academic subjects. Upon

successful completion of these examinations, students are awarded theHigher Secondary(School) Certificate(or HSC). This level of education is also called the FSc/FA or 'intermediate'.

There are many streams students can choose for their 11 and 12 grades, such as pre-medical, pre-engineering, humanities (or social sciences) and commerce. Each stream consists of threeelectives and as well as three compulsory subjects of English, Urdu, Islamiyat (grade 11 only)

and Pakistani Studies (grade 12 only).

Alternative qualifications in Pakistan are also available but are maintained by otherexamination

boardsinstead BISE. Most common alternative is theGeneral Certificate of Education(or GCE),

where SSC and HSC are replaced byOrdinary Level(or O Level) andAdvanced Level(or ALevel) respectively. Other qualifications includeIGCSEwhich replaces SSC. GCE O Level,

IGCSE and GCE AS/A Level are managed by British examination boards ofCIEof the

Cambridge Assessmentand/orEdexcelof thePearson PLC. Generally, 8-10 courses are selected

by students at GCE O Levels and 3-5 at GCE A Levels.

Advanced Placement(or AP) is an alternative option but much less common than GCE or

IGCSE. This replaces the secondary school education as 'High School Education' instead. APexams are monitored by a North American examination board,College Boardand can only be

given under supervision of centers which are registered with the College Board, unlike GCE

O/AS/A Level and IGCSE which can also be given privately.There is another type of Educationin Pakistan which called Technical education. currently three boards, Punjab Board of Technical

Education, NWFP Board of Technical Education, and Sindh Board of Technical Education

providing facilities of technical education. PBTE( Punjab Board of Technical Education)

offering Matric tac. and D.A.E (Diploma of Associate Engineering) in different technologies likeCivil, Architecture, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics, Computer Sciences and many more

technologies. This is consist of three years and combination of Physics, Chemistry, Islamic

study, Pakistan Study and other more than 25 books related to there Technology. After matricand then three years diploma is equal to 12th grade, and diploma holder called Associate

Engineer. Either they can join there respective field or can take admition in B-tech or BE in there

related technology after D.A.E.

Tertiary education
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According to the OECD's 2009 Global Education Digest, 6.3% of Pakistanis (8.9% of males and

3.5% of females) were university graduates as of 2007.[18]

Pakistan plans to increase this figureto 10% by 2015 and subsequently to 15% by 2020.[19]There is also a great deal of variety

between the different age cohorts. Less than 6% of those in the age cohort 55-64 have a degree,

compared to 8% in the 45-54 age cohort, 11% in the 35-44 age cohort and 16% in the age cohort

25-34.

[20]

GIK Institutefrom the Clock Tower

After earning theirHSC, students may study in a professional college forBachelor's degreecourses such asengineering(B.Engg),medicine(MBBS),dentistry(BDS),veterinary medicine

(DVM),law(LLB),architecture(B.Arch),pharmacy(Pharm-D) andnursing(B.Nurs). These

courses require four or five years of study. There are some councils and boards that will handleall thePakistan medicaland educational matters in these cases and they are known as the PMDC,

Pakistan pharmacy council and Pakistan nursing council. Students can also attend a university

forBachelor of Arts(BA),Bachelor of Science(BSc),Bachelor of Commerce(BCom) or

Bachelor of Business Administration(BBA) degree courses. These all are the cources that aredone in Pakistan and are really common but these days doctor of pharmacy is also gaining much

reputition. Thepharmacy council of pakistanis doing huge strugle to make the pharmacy

education better.

There are two types of Bachelor courses in Pakistan: Pass or Honours. Pass degree requires twoyears of study and students normally read three optional subjects (such as Chemistryor

Economics) in addition to almost equal number of compulsory subjects (such asEnglishand

Pakistan Studies). Honours degree requires three or four years of study, and students normally

specialize in a chosen field of study, such asBiochemistry(BSc Hons. Biochemistry). It can benoted that Pass Bachelors is now slowly being phased out for Honours throughout the

country.[citation needed]

Quaternary education

Most ofMaster's degreeprograms require 2 years education.Masters in Philosphy(M.Phill) is

available in most of the subjects and can be undertaken after doing Masters. Doctor ofPhilosophy(PhD) education is also available in selected areas and is usually pursued after

earning a M.Phill degree. Students pursuing M.Phill or PhD degrees must choose a specific field
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and a university that is doing research work in that field. M.Phill and PhD education in Pakistan

requires minimum of 2 years of study.[citation needed]

Gender disparity

Among other criticisms the Pakistani education system faces is the gender disparity inenrollment levels. However, in recent years some progress has been made in trying to fix this

problem. In 1990-91, the female to male ratio (F/M ratio) of enrollment was 0.47 for primarylevel of education. It reached to 0.74 in 1999-2000, showing the F/M ratio has improved by

57.44% within the decade. For the middle level of education it was 0.42 in the start of decade

and increased to 0.68 by the end of decade, so it has improved almost 62%. In both cases the

gender disparity is decreased but relatively more rapidly at middle level.[21]

The gender disparity in enrollment at secondary level of education was 0.4 in 1990-91 and 0.67

in 1999-2000, showing that the disparity decreased by 67.5% in the decade. At the college levelit was 0.50 in 1990-91 and reached 0.81 in 1999-2000, showing that the disparity decreased by

64%. The gender disparity has decreased comparatively rapidly at secondary school.[21]

However, the gender disparity is affected by theTalibanenforcement of a complete ban on

female education in theSwatdistrict, as reported in a January 21, 2009 issue of the Pakistan

daily newspaperThe News. Some 400 private schools enrolling 40,000 girls have been shutdown. At least 10 girls' schools that tried to open after the January 15, 2009 deadline by the

Taliban were blown up by the militants in the town ofMingora, the headquarters of the Swat

district.[22]

"More than 170 schools have been bombed or torched, along with other government-

owned buildings."[22]

Education Expenditure as Percentage of GDPPublic expenditure on education lies on the fringes of 2 percent of GDP. However, the

government recently approved the new national education policy, which stipulates that education

expenditure will be increased to 7% of GDP,[23]

an idea that was first suggested by thePunjabgovernment.[24]Author of an article, which reviews the history of education spending in Pakistan

since 1972, argues that this policy target raises a fundamental question: What extraordinary

things are going to happen that would enable Pakistan to achieve within six years what it has

been unable to lay a hand on in the past six decades? The policy document is blank on thisquestion and does not discuss the assumptions that form the basis of this target. Calculations of

the author show that during the past 37 years, the highest public expenditure on education was

2.80 percent of GDP in 1987-88. Public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was

actually reduced in 16 years and maintained in 5 years between 197273 and 2008-09. Thus, outof total 37 years since 1972, public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP either

decreased or remained stagnant for 21 years. The author argues if linear trend were maintained

since 1972, Pakistan could have touched 4 percent of GDP well before 2015. However, it isunlikely to happen because the levels of spending have had remained significantly unpredictable

and unsteady in the past. Given this disappointing trajectory, increasing public expenditure on

education to 7 percent of GDP would be nothing less than a miracle but it is not going to be of
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godly nature. Instead, it is going to be the one of political nature because it has to be "invented"

by those who are at the helm of affairs. The author suggests that little success can be made unlessPakistan adopts an "unconventional" approach to education. That is to say, education sector

should be treated as a special sector by immunizing budgetary allocations for it from fiscal

stresses and political and economic instabilities. Allocations for education should not be affected

by squeezed fiscal space or surge in military expenditure or debts. At the same time, there is aneed to debate others options about how Pakistan can "invent" the miracle of raising education

expenditure to 7 percent of GDP by 2015.[25]

Universities World Rankings

According to the Quality Standard World University Ranking 2010 there are two Pakistaniuniversities among top 200 Technology Universities of the World. Eleven Pakistani other

universities including Quaid-e-Azam University, the University of Peshawar, National

University of Science & Technology, University of Karachi, University of Engineering &

Technology, Lahore and Riphah International University (Private Sector) also ranked among

World Top 1000 Universities of world, according to World Ranking of Universities.[26]

Language

Education in Pakistan is carried out in two languages,UrduandEnglish. WhileUrduis thenational language of Pakistan, the language was originally and initially developed inUttarPradeshin neighboring India. The language was chosen as the national language by the Founder

Muhammad Ali Jinnah and has no relation to the belief that it was brought to Pakistan during the

Partition of Indiaby migrants calledMuhajir Urdu. Urdu quickly dominated the Pakistani

political landscape and Urdu is a mandatory in all schools and educational institutions as part of

a strategy to undermine the indigenous languages and cultures of the region (some of them beingPunjabi,Sindhi,Pashto,Brahui). Education in Pakistan was severely affected by the language

bias.[27]

According to a2010British Councilreport, this forced imposition of Urdu on non-Urdu

speakers in Pakistani schools and universities has resulted in the systematic degradation anddecline of many of Pakistan's indigenous cultures, is partly responsible for a rise in reactionary

rebellions against thisethnocracy(such asSindhi nationalism,Baloch insurgencyetc.), and

contributes to discontent and political instability in the country.[28]

The report also cites risingilliteracy rates in Pakistan among the indigenous and attributes it to the forced imposition of

Urdu in schools, leading to non-Urdu speakers, feeling threatened by the neglect of their

languages in Pakistani education, becoming increasingly reluctant to enroll in these schools.

StatisticsLiteracy rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhajir_Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhajir_Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhajir_Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahui_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahui_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahui_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloch_insurgencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloch_insurgencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloch_insurgencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloch_insurgencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahui_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhajir_Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-24


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Literacy Rate - Pakistan

Literacy Map Pakistan

Literacy by Province

Literacy by Federal Area
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Federal_Areas_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Pak_Provinces.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Map_Pakistan.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Literacy_Rate_Pak.jpg


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It needs to be highlighted that from census to census the definition of literacy has been

undergoing a change, resultantly the literacy figure has vascillated irregularly during the last 5census. An update of the five censuses is as under:[29]

Year of

census[29]

Male[29]

Female[29]

Total[29]

Urban[30]

Rural[30]

Definition of

being "literate"[29]

Age

group[30]

1951 19.2%[31]

12.2%[31]

16.4% -- --

One who can read a

clearprint in any language

All Ages

1961 26.9%[31]8.2%[31] 16.3% 34.8% 10.6%

One who is able to read

with

understanding a simpleletter in any language

Age 5 and

above

1972 30.2% 11.6% 21.7% 41.5% 14.3%

One who is able to read

and

write in some languagewith understanding

Age 10 and

Above

1981 35.1% 16.0% 26.2% 47.1% 17.3%

One who can read

newspaper

and write a simpleletter

Age 10 and

Above

1998 54.8% 32.0% 43.9% 63.08% 33.64% One who can read a

newspaperand write a simple

letter, in any language

Age 10 andAbove

2004 66.25% 41.75% 54% 71%[32]

44%[32]

2009[1]

69% 45% 57% 74% 48%

Table below shows the literacy rate of Pakistan by province.

ProvinceLiteracy Rate

[29]

1972 1981 1998 2009[1]

Punjab 20.7% 27.4% 46.6% 59%

Sindh 30.2% 31.5% 45.3% 59%

Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 15.5% 16.7% 35.4% 50%

Balochistan 10.1% 10.3% 26.6% 45%

Table below shows the literacy rate of Federally Administered Areas.

RegionLiteracy Rate

1981 1998 2007

Islamabad 47.8%[33][34] 72.88%[33] 87%[4]

Azad Kashmir 25.7%[35]

55%[36]

62%(2004)[37]

Gilgit-Baltistan 3% (female)[38]

37.85%[38]

53%(2006)[38]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org.2Fimages-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org.2Fimages-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org.2Fimages-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org.2Fimages-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org.2Fimages-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org.2Fimages-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org.2Fimages-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-pap.org.pk-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-pap.org.pk-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-pap.org.pk-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-pap.org.pk-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-pap.org.pk-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-pap.org.pk-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-pap.org.pk-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-pap.org.pk-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-eurojournals.com-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-eurojournals.com-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-eurojournals.com-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-eurojournals.com-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-finance.gov.pk-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-finance.gov.pk-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-finance.gov.pk-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-finance.gov.pk-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-finance.gov.pk-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-census.gov.pk-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-census.gov.pk-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-census.gov.pk-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-census.gov.pk-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-statpak.gov.pk-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-statpak.gov.pk-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-dawn.com.2Fwps-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-dawn.com.2Fwps-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-dawn.com.2Fwps-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-dawn.com.2Fwps-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-dawn.com.2Fwps-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-dawn.com.2Fwps-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-dawn.com.2Fwps-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-dawn.com.2Fwps-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-da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Tribal Areas 6.38%[33] 17.42%[39][40]22%[6]

Literacy rate of Pakistani districts (2007)[41]

Rank District ProvinceLiteracy

rateRank District Province

Literacyrate

view talk edit

1 IslamabadCapital

Territory87% 11 Quetta Balochistan 62%

2 Rawalpindi Punjab 80% 12 Faisalabad Punjab 62%

3 PeshawarKhyber

Pakhtunkhwa79% 13

Mandi

BahauddinPunjab 62%

4 Karachi Sindh 77% 14Toba Tek

SinghPunjab 62%

5 Lahore Punjab 74% 15 Attock Punjab 61%

6 Chakwal Punjab 74% 16 Ziarat

Balochistan 61%7 Gujrat Punjab 71% 17 Mianwali Punjab 60%

8 Gujranwala Punjab 69% 18 Sialkot Punjab 59%

9 AbbottabadKhyber

Pakhtunkhwa67% 19 Sheikhupura Punjab 59%

10 HaripurKhyber

Pakhtunkhwa63% 20 Sukkur Sindh 59%

School attendance

Population aged 10 & over that has ever attended school, highest and lowest figures by region.

Islamabadhas the highest rate in the country at 85%, whilst Jhal Magsi has the lowest rate at20%.

[42]

Province Highest Lowest

Punjab Rawalpindi(80%)MuzaffargarhandRajanpur(40%)

Sindh Karachi(78%) Jacobabad(34%)

Khyber-PakhtunkhwaAbbottabad(67%)Upper Dir(34%)

Balochistan Quetta(64%)Jhal Magsi(20%)

PubMed Central will retrieve0 records.Mcgill J Med. 2009 January; 12(1): 712. PMCID: PMC2687919Copyright 2009 by MJM

Psychiatry as a career: A survey of factors affecting students interest in Psychiatry as a career

Mubashir Aslam,*

Tahir Taj, Arif Ali, Nasira Badar, Farzan Saeed, Muhammed Abbas, SaadMuzaffar, and Bilal Abid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-dawn.com.2Fwps-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-census.gov.pk-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-census.gov.pk-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-fata.gov.pk-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-fata.gov.pk-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_of_Pakistani_districts_by_literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_of_Pakistani_districts_by_literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Pakistani_districts_by_literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Pakistani_districts_by_literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:List_of_Pakistani_districts_by_literacy&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:List_of_Pakistani_districts_by_literacy&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisalabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshawar_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba_Tek_Singh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba_Tek_Singh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attock_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakwal_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziarat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziarat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujrat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianwali_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujranwala_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialkot_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbottabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikhupura_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haripur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffargarh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffargarh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffargarh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajanpur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajanpur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajanpur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbottabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbottabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbottabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Dir_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Dir_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Dir_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhal_Magsi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhal_Magsi_Districthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=no%20psychiatic%20rotation%20for%20paediatric%20postgraduates%20in%20pakistanhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=no%20psychiatic%20rotation%20for%20paediatric%20postgraduates%20in%20pakistanhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=no%20psychiatic%20rotation%20for%20paediatric%20postgraduates%20in%20pakistanhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=no%20psychiatic%20rotation%20for%20paediatric%20postgraduates%20in%20pakistanhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/copyright.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/copyright.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/copyright.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=no%20psychiatic%20rotation%20for%20paediatric%20postgraduates%20in%20pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhal_Magsi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Dir_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbottabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajanpur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffargarh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haripur_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikhupura_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbottabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialkot_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujranwala_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianwali_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujrat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziarat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakwal_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attock_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba_Tek_Singh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba_Tek_Singh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshawar_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisalabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindi_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:List_of_Pakistani_districts_by_literacy&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Pakistani_districts_by_literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_of_Pakistani_districts_by_literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-fata.gov.pk-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan#cite_note-census.gov.pk-32


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Dr. Mubashir Aslam graduated (M.B,B.S) from Dow Medical College, Karachi Pakistan in

2005. He worked for Community Health Science department, Aga Khan University for 2 yearsas a Community Medicine Resident. Currently he is enrolled at University of Sheffield, UK for a

Masters in Public Health.

Dr. Tahir Taj graduated (M.B,B,S) from Sind Medical College Karachi, Pakistan in 2006. He

joined Aga Khan University as a Community Medicine Resident and is currently enrolled in thesecond year of his training at Community Health Science Department.

Arif Ali completed his Masters in Statistics (MSc) from University of Karachi in 2005. He

joined Community Health Sciences Department, Aga Khan University in 2006 for ResearchOfficer training program and is currently enrolled in the third year of his training.

Dr. Nasira Badar graduated (M.B,B,S) from Chandka Medical College, Larkana, Pakistan in

2003. She worked for the Community Health Science department, Aga Khan University for 2years as a Community Medicine Resident. Currently she is enrolled at Dow university of Health

Sciences for a Masters program in Epidemiology and Biostatistics.

Farzan Saeed graduated in Management Sciences from Atlanta, USA. He joined the

Community Health Sciences department, Aga Khan University in 2006 and is also enrolled in a

Masters in Public Health program at Emory University, USA.Muhammed Abbas is a final year Medical student at Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi,

Pakistan.

Saad Muzaffar is a final year Medical student at Sindh Medical College, Karachi, Dow

University of Health Sciences, Pakistan.

Bilal Abid is a final year Medical student at Aga Khan Uni

lahore paper

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