lame deer junior high & high school morning … · grammy awards and brooklyn rider is a...

GEAR UP NEWS Pages 9-10

NEWS Pages 1-7

SPORTS Pages 11-13

CLUB NEWS Pages 8-9

MEET THE STAFF 4

STUDENTS OF THE MONTH Pages 15

FEATURES Page 16-18

SURVEYS Page 19

JUST FOR FUN Page 20

MORNING STAR TIMES Volume 16, Edition 5 February 2018

Lame Deer Junior High & High School P.O. Box 96 Lame Deer, MT 59043

“Sibling Time” at the St. Labre Game:

Jada Strange Owl and Javyyn Strange

Owl

As part of a new GEAR Up program,

Mariah Tendore reads a story to third

graders at LD Elementary School.

Fort Robinson Spiritual Outbreak Run

participant Jace Strange Owl with director

Scott Cooper and actor Rory Cochrane

from the movie Hostiles.

Students Meet Grammy-Winning Musicians By: Kaylyn American Horse

On Sunday, January 21, I had the opportunity to attend an amazing concert at

Alberta Bair Theatre in Billings. Silk Road provided tickets for Ms. Wolfe and Mrs. Par-

ker to take a small group of students to see Bela Fleck and Brooklyn Rider perform and

meet them backstage. Bela Fleck is a a world-class banjo player who has won fifteen

Grammy awards and Brooklyn Rider is a quartet made up of two violinists, a cello play-

er, and a viola player. It was really an exciting experience.

After a delicious meal at Jimmy Johns where we had some really good sand-

wiches, we made our way to Alberta Bair. Before entering, we decided to take a picture

of our whole group outside of the theater. It was pretty funny because Ms. Wolfe didn’t

know how to take a group selfie and we had to help her with that. But, she finally got it

right.

We entered the front door and waited patiently in the beautiful lobby. We were

told that in order to meet the musicians backstage, we had to answer some questions.

One of the questions was, “What are your expectations about the concert?” I really was-

n’t sure what to expect. After we all answered the questions, they led us to the front of

the theater. One of the Brooklyn Riders approached us and introduced himself. We

talked to him for a while until he asked us to follow him backstage to where all of the

musicians were practicing before the concert. We watched them practice and visited

with them for a while. We also presented them with sweet grass to thank them for giving

us such a memorable experience.

Later, we made our way to our seats and waited for the concert to begin. There

were a lot of people in the audience and everyone was very excited. Finally, the musi-

cians came out onto the stage and the performance began.

I loved the sound of the banjo mixed with the violins, viola, and cello. It sound-

ed so beautiful, especially when I closed my eyes. It felt just like my mind was dancing

to the sound of the music. One song made me feel like I was on a dangerous journey

and, since I knew that I would survive it, I was able to just sit back and appreciate the

adventure. I had never heard a string quartet or been to a real concert before. This was a

new experience for me. I never expected it to sound so beautiful.

After the concert was over, we got to have our pictures taken with the musicians.

They gave us some CD’s and autographed them for us. It was such an enjoyable experi-

ence for me. Thank you to Silk Road for giving us the tickets and to Ms. Wolfe and Mrs.

Parker for selecting me to have this wonderful memory.

Pictured Above: Mrs. Parker, Luke WhiteBuffalo, Shay American Horse, Shey-

anna Kaline, Shondine Kaline, Ms. Wolfe, and Kaylyn American Horseat Alberta

Bair Theatre. Also pictured is Nicholas Cords who is the viola player for Brooklyn

Rider and one of Silk Road’s newly appointed co-artistic director.

See Page 7 for additional articles about this event

NEWS 2 Morning Star Times February 2018

Legacy

A Tribute to Chief Littlewolf By: Passion Blackburn

It was his legacy that brought us here And paved the way for us to survive. Along the way, he shed some tears And walked many miles with what little his people had. Being chased down like animals, But they knew it was coming. It was the fight that was within us That helped us persevere. The wintery day and night was such a fright. The Loss of sleep, hard to keep One eye open while the younger ones would rest. Praying everyday, It was his bow and arrow that kept the evil away. A vision that kept them alive--it was pride.

Fort Robinson

Outbreak Run: A Runner’s Perspecitive By: Haden Standing Water

The Fort Robinson Spir-

itual Outbreak Run is held every

year from January 8-14. The

event is organized by Phillip

Whiteman, Jr., and Lynette

TwoBulls through their organiza-

tion Yellow Bird, Inc. The first

run was held in 1996.

This year, 110 people par-

ticipated in the event. Before the

run, everyone gets together for the

educational events. Then, runners

gather in the barracks of Fort Rob-

inson at Crawford, Nebraska. The doors are opened and runners break out

into the night with two leaders carrying an eagle feather staff and a flag. The

runners follow the path of their ancestors back to Montana.

This year, I had the privilege of participating in the run. It was a great

experience for me. My English teacher asked me to write a journal for the

school newspaper. Here it is:

Day One: Today was our day of education. We learned more about where we

come from and more about our culture. We also visited the Last Hole where

our ancestors hid from soldiers and were shot at point blank. After returning

to the hall and eating dinner, we got blessed and painted and made our way to

the barracks where our ancestors broke out. Finally, we broke out and began

our journey back to Montana. We ran about twenty miles to our destination

near Chadron, Nebraska. The males headed back to Comanche Hall for the

night while the females stayed in Chadron for some rest because we had a big

day ahead of us.

Day Two: We woke up early and headed for Pine Ridge. We ran all day, no

stopping. It was an important day for the runners. At the end of the day, we

were invited to the Chamber of Commerce where we were honored by the

tribal president. Finally, we ate dinner and spent the night at Prairie Winds

Hotel and Casino.

Day Three: We ran from Pine Ridge to Deadwood, South Dakota. We ran

all day while the weather was in single digits and it was snowing. It was a

hard day of running but it made us appreciate what our ancestors experienced.

We ate at the Crazy Horse Monument. The older stronger runners kept on

running while the younger ones stayed back. We made it pretty far by the

time the younger ones caught up to us. We got way past Hill City which is

pretty far from the monument. We ran until dark.

Day Four: We ran from Rapid City to Belle Foucrhe. After four days, eve-

ryone was feeling sore, tired, and sick but we pushed on, anyway. We did it

for our ancestors who had no choice. We were all humbled by what they

went through. We were also proud of ourselves for pushing ourselves harder.

After we finally arrived in Belle Fourche, we unloaded and ate dinner. Then,

we ran some more.

Days Five and Six: Honestly, by this time, I was too tired and sick to re-

member to write down my notes from the day. These two days were the hard-

est. But we kept on running and never gave up. That’s what our ancestors

would have wanted.

Pictured Above: Runners are honored at a varsity Morning Star basketball game.

Pictured Above: Fort Robinson Spiritual

Outbreak runners Haden Standing Water and

Latessa TwoBulls


Pictured Above: Traditional Dolls made by Mr. Medicine Bull’s Cheyenne Culture

class.

Better Than Barbie: Culture Classes Make

Traditional Native American Dolls By: Aniyah Grant

Recently, Mr. Medicine Bull’s high school Cheyenne Culture class got to

make traditional Native American dolls with Mrs. Jolene Spang. It took over two

weeks to complete the project and it felt like an honor to be able to make them.

After learning about the history behind the dolls, each student got to select his or

her favorite fabric to customize the dolls. By the end of the two weeks, we each

had created a doll that we could be proud of.

Doll-making was an important tradition for most Plains tribes. Each tribe

customized their dolls to reflect their specific beliefs, culture, and geographic ar-

ea. Each tribe would dress the dolls to reflect their own style of dress. Therefore,

the dolls became an important way of recording Native American way of life.

Two of the most common types of traditional Native American dolls

were the Kachina dolls, which were made from wood, painted, and decorated

with a variety of materials and the Cornhusk dolls, which were made out of corn-

husks (obviously) and had no faces. Each tribe would dress the dolls to reflect

their own style of dress. Therefore, the dolls became an important way of record-

ing Native American way of life.

We would like to thank the following people who made this special pro-

ject possible: Jolene Spang for coordinating the project and patiently teaching us;

Susan Wolfe and Deb Glass for donating material and stuffing; Steve Ewing for

supporting and encouraging the project; Evaleen Braveheart for allowing Jolene

the time to help us; and Larry Medicine Bull for donating his time and classroom.

This was a very memorable experience for us. Hopefully, more students

will be able to learn how to make these dolls in the future.

Pictured Above: Hostiles actor Rory Cochrane and director/screenwriter Scott Cooper

address the student body. In the background is a movie poster that was autographed and

presented to the school.

Hollywood Comes to Lame Deer

On Sunday, January 14, after returning from the Fort Robinson Spiritual

Outbreak Run, runners were invited to attend a special screening of the movie Hos-

tiles in Billings at AMC Shiloh 14. The following day, director and screenwriter

Scott Cooper and actor Rory Cochrane made a special appearance at the school to

address the entire student body.

The movie is set in the year 1892 and tells the story of Joseph J. Blocker, a

veteran Army captain who is forced to escort a dying Cheyenne chief named Yel-

low Hawk and his family back to his tribal land. Along the way, they meet a young

widow whose family has been brutally murdered and offer to help her. As the

group travels from an army outpost in New Mexico to Montana, they encounter

many challenges along the way and learn to view each other through different eyes

with compassion and respect. The movie stars Christian Bale as Captain Blocker,

Wes Studi as Chief Yellow Hawk and Rosamund Pike as the young widow.

One of the most exciting things about the movie Hostiles is that the actors

speak Cheyenne in the

movie. Phillip Whiteman,

Jr., worked actively with

the actors to teach them

not only the language, but

also about the tribe’s cul-

ture and history. Lead

actor Christian Bale spoke

about Whiteman in an in-

terview with Original

CIN, “Chief Phillip was

absolutely essential in

helping me understand—

not just to be able to speak

the Cheyenne language

but in understanding and

knowing that there is a

very different way of do-

ing things...I just loved

listening to the Chief and he was so helpful and so instrumental in this film.”

Pictured Above: Mr. Sattler holds the microphone as Asia

Two Moons, Destynee TwoMoons, Island Little Coyote, and

August “Tiger” Scalpcane play an honor song for the visi-

February/March 2018


Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

2/11 2/12 2/13 2/14

Valentine’s Day

2/15

3-B District

Tournament @

Colstrip

2/16

3-B District

Tournament @

Colstrip

2/17

3-B District

Tournament

@ Colstrip

2/18 2/19

Presidents’

Day

2/20 2/21

EARLY OUT

2/22

EARLY OUT

Conferences

(1-7 pm)

2/23 2/24

2/25 2/26 2/27 2/28 3/1

Southern B

Divisional

Tournament

3/2

Southern B

Divisional

Tournament

3/3

Southern B

Divisional

Tournament

3/4 3/5 3/6 3/7 3/8

State B

Tournament

3/9

State B

Tournament

3/10

State B

Tournament

3/11

Daylight

Savings

Time

Begins

3/12 3/13 3/14

Early Out

GEAR UP

Campus

Crawl

3/15

LifeTouch

Pictures

GEAR UP

Campus Crawl

3/16

GEAR UP

Campus Crawl

3/17

St.

Patrick’s

Day

3/18 3/19

End of Q3

3/20

Q4 Begins;

ACT;

First Day

of Spring

3/21 3/22 3/23 3/24

3/25 3/26 3/27 3/28

Early Out

3/29

NO SCHOOL

3/30

NO SCHOOL

3/31

“Bright Star” Incentive Program

Promotes Core Values By: Elroy Weaselbear

Lame Deer Junior-Senior High School recently began a new

incentive program to promote and recognize several core values

within our building. It’s called “Bright Stars” and it honors students

who show the following characteristics: Bravery, Responsibility,

Intelligence, Generosity, Honesty, and Trustworthiness.

Whenever a staff member notices a student naturally exhib-

iting one of the “BRIGHT” characteristics, the staff member fills out

a “Bright Star” ticket and gives it to the student. Between classes,

the student takes the ticket to the office and puts it in the designated

jar on Carmie’s desk.

At the end of

each school day, one

ticket will be drawn

from the jar and the

winner will receive a

Gatorade. Weekly

drawing winners will

receive a drink and a

snack. At the end of

each month, the stu-

dent who earned the

most tickets will be

honored at the next

Academic Awards As-

sembly.

So, if a staff

member suddenly

hands you a green tick-

et, it means that you

just got caught doing a

good deed. Great Job, Morning Stars! Keep up the good work!

STARS ARE ... Brave

Responsible

Intelligent

Generous

Honest

Trustworthy

Pictured At Left: On a Friday afternoon, Mary and Carmie serve ice

cream to students who had no tardies during the week. Good Job, Stu-

dents!

Pic

ture

d A

t L

eft:

S

tud

ents

of

the

Mo

nth

wh

o

wer

e se

lect

ed i

n N

ove

mb

er a

nd

Dec

emb

er e

njo

y

piz

za a

nd

a m

ovi

e.

NEWS February 2018 5 Morning Star Times

High School Kaylyn American Horse Omunique Blackwolf

Joseph Ferrara Eugene HolyElkBoy

Delaina Poitra Kenyon Russell

LaShantae Russell Kash Spang

Jada StrangeOwl Davin Whiskers

Q2 Honor Roll

Platium Level Status: 4.00 GPA Island Little Coyote

Ellesha Pongah Destynee Two Moons

Gold Level Status: 3.50 — 3.99 GPA Micahlyn Amyotte Lance Bowers Shakira Burns LayLah Crazymule Sonny Hannaweeke Paradise Killsnight Shelby King Rocco McMakin Davinia Osife Calesta Redneck Myron Redsleeves Santesa Rowland Joycee Threefingers Mahala Vetsch Jasmyne Two Moons

Silver Level Status: 3.00 — 3.49 GPA Kaylyn American Horse Jessica Bahr Daymiean Brien Mishayne Bearchum Ashantee Crazymule Passion Blackburn Madison Doney Aaron Elkshoulder Joseph Ferrara Teranie Fisher Wretha Howling Wolf Aniyah Grant Sheyanna Kaline Tessa James Sheldon King Justin Littlebird Kaleb Mason Paris McLean Lena McMakin Taeleia Means Antonio Nightwalker Tesla OneBear Cheyenne Pine Seidel Pine Trevor Poitra LaShantae Russell Ricki Russette Winnie Salois Marie Shoulderblade Kash Spang Kyler Spang Taleah Two Moons Bruce WhiteBuffalo Michael Weaselbear Tanyon Whistling Elk

Q2 ZERO tardies

Junior High Douglas Amende

Asa Blackbird Sonny Hannaweeke

Shondine Kaline Sheldon King

Island Little Coyote Ellesha Pongah Spirit Stump

Destynee Two Moons

Most Improved First Semester

Q2 Good Attendance

Silver Level Status: Missed Fewer Than Two Days

(8-14 Periods)

Douglas Amende Lindsey Badbrave Shakira Burns Sonny Hannaweeke Shondine Kaline Reyna Littlewolf Tristan LoneWolf Kaleb Mason Marie Shoulderblade Kash Spang

Junior High School Amelio Blackhorse: 8th Grade Reading & Math Feather Clubfoote: Life Skills Sheyanna Kaline: Life Skills Sheldon King: Art Adriano LaBeaux: 8th Grade Reading & Math Justin Littlebird: 7th Grade Social Studies Preston Littlemouth, Jr.: 7th Grade English Preston Littlemouth, Jr.: 7th Grade Science Raymond Pine: 7th Grade Science Seidel Pine: 7th Grade Math Macaiah Rolling Bull: 8th Grade Math Kendall Russell: 8th Grade Science Lilliana Sandcrane: Life Skills Spirit Stump: 8th Grade English David Wick: 8th Grade Science David Wick: 8th Grade Social Studies

High School Chelcie Backer: Business Math Joey Bahr: English 9 Joey Bahr: Math Mishayne Bearchum: Sewing Quincy Bearcomesout: Newspaper Quincy Bearcomesout: English 10 Talissa Bearcomesout: Art JayShaun Bigback: Biology Passion Blackburn: Media Passion Blackburn: US History Omunique Blackwolf: Math Omunique Blackwolf: Biology Joseph Ferrara: Public Speaking Eugene HolyElkBoy: Keyboarding Seth Limberhand: Cheyenne Language Kathryn Littlebrave: Foods & Nutrition Clifford Russell: Foods & Nutrition Royal Russette: Business Education Jada Strangeowl: Beading Latessa TwoBulls: Earth Science Philip Walksalong: Vocational Education Simon Walksalong: English 10/11


Pictured Above: Omunique Blackwolf, Lane WhiteWolf, Samuel Haugen, and Ms. Wolfe

watch as Dewey LittleCoyote and Domico Brown drill holes in a coconut.

Goin’ Coconuts By: Quincy Bearcomesout

Students in Ms. Wolfe’s afternoon art

classes got to have a new experience after she brought

back some coconuts from Florida. Many of the students

had never seen or tasted a real, whole coconut before.

The shells of the coconuts were very hard and covered with rough bris-

tles. They can’t be cut with a regular knife like most other fruits. The students

had to use a hammer and a screwdriver to drill holes in the shell. After we final-

ly, made a couple of holes in the shell, we drained the milk out of the coconut.

It’s called “milk” but it’s a clear, thin substance. Ms. Wolfe let us taste the coco-

nut milk. I didn’t really like how it tasted, but it was nice to experience some-

thing new.

After we finished drinking the coconut milk, Ms. Wolfe said that we

could cut the coconut in half and

eat the fruit out of the inside. Cut-

ting through the hard shell was a

challenge. We had to use a hack-

saw to do it. The inside of the co-

conut was white and softer than the

shell. Ms. Wolfe cut up the fruit

and gave a piece of it to everyone

in the class. I thought that the fruit

tasted a lot better than the milk did.

I’m not sure that I would

want to eat a lot of coconut, but it

was an interesting experience to try

something new.

SilkRoad Honors

Former Student’s

Artwork By: Elroy Weaselbear

The artwork of former

Lame Deer Junior High student

Cehleesia (CeCe) Longknife was

recently selected and featured as a

design for Silkroad’s New Year’s

Card. CeCe’s drawing, titled

“Repay You For Your Kindness,”

was created to illustrate the Japa-

nese folktale Tsuru no Ongaeshi

(Repayment of a Crane) which was

set to music by musician Kojiro Umezaki, who is one of the artists who has regu-

larly visited Lame Deer throughout our six-year collaboration with SilkRoad.

Pictured Above: Silkroad’s New Year’s Card

featuring the artwork of CeCe Longknife.

Earth Science Classes Have

Astronomical Fun By: DeMarco Limberhand

Mr. Swift’s ninth grade Earth Science clas-

ses have been working on an exciting hands-on pro-

ject on the solar system. Students have been using

the Internet to research planets and space phenome-

non and to create informative visual displays of

their findings. The project is supposed to help stu-

dents get a better understanding of what exists in

space.

The completed projects are currently on

display in the hallway outside of Mr. Swift’s class-

room. As of press time, the hall was lined with

posters on Neptune, Earth, Uranus, Titan, moons,

and comets. More projects on additional subjects

will be added to the hallway gallery as they are

completed.

Pictured Above: Ricki Spang

works on her project for Mr.

Swift’s Earth Science class.

Pictured at Left: LDHS’s self-

proclaimed King and Queen, Tanyon

Whistling Elk and Jessica Bahr, cele-

brate Valentine’s Day with a little Pin-

terest creativity.

Push Pin or Thumbtack?

Push Pin or Thumbtack? That

seems to be the debate of the day

in the High School wing. This

in-progress piece of artwork,

made by Kaylyn American

Horse, is one of several interest-

ing pieces being made by Ms.

Wolfe’s high school art students.

The annual project is inspired by

the work of Claus Oldenburg, an

American sculptor known for his

large replicas of everyday ob-

jects.

BTW: There is a correct answer to the question “Push Pin or Thumbtack?”

NEWS February 2018 7 Morning Star Times

Checking Your

Stocks—the New

Craze at LDHS By: Melissa Killsnight

Have you heard

high school students talk

about checking their stocks

lately? Apparently, that’s

the new thing—and it’s all

because of Mr. Loy. The

U.S. History classes have been learning about the Great Depression and the

Stock Market Crash. In order to teach is students more about how the

stock market and our national economy works, Mr. Loy came up with an

exciting contest for his classes.

Each student has to spend $1000 in pretend money on three stocks

from any company. After five or six weeks, the student whose stocks

earned the most money wins the contest. Students have to check their

stocks online or in the newspaper at least twice each week. If they notice

that their stocks aren’t doing very well, they can sell them and buy differ-

ent ones that they think are going to make more money.

Students are getting pretty excited about who is making the most

money with their pretend stocks. We’ll let you know in our next edition

who the winner of the contest is!

I was really amazed when the con-

cert started. I really liked their mu-

sic. It was such an amazing sound. I

have never been a fan of classical

musical until now. It has a sad sound

and a happy sound at the same time.

It was just like a bunch of sounds

jumbled up together to make the

most beautiful sound ever. My favor-

ite part was listening to the cello. It

just had a certain sound that the rest

of the instrument did not have. After

the concert, I just wanted to go back

in time and hear it again. When I got

back home, I stayed up and re-

searched Brooklyn Rider. They are a

really cool group. I wish I could ex-

perience it one more time.

—By Sheyanna Kaline

When we went to Billings to see the Silk

Road performance, it was fun. We got

to see the back stage and go to the top

of the stage. At first we were kind of

quiet (mainly me) but we got along dur-

ing the way. Jimmy John was the first

place we stopped and then the Alberta

Bair Theater. There were five people

on stage playing. One performer played

the banjo and his name was Bela. An-

other performer played a cello and he

had a beard and man bun. Nicholas

played the viola. Johnny played the

violin. The last performer played the

violin. They played very well. Bela did

a really long solo and didn’t mess up

which was amazing. We gave them

sweet grass to burn and there were

cards that we wrote our names on to

give to them.

—By Luke WhiteBuffalo

Mr. Swift’s Former Student Visits LD By: Brandon Brady

Trey’al Belgard,

one of Mr.Swift’s former

students from Rocky

Boy, visited the High

School Science classes.

Belgarde is a sophomore

at the University of Mon-

tana in Billings and isa

motivational speaker.

During his time here, Bel-

gard spoke with students

about the importance of

education and the benefits

of earning a college de-

gree.

Pictured Above: Trey’al Belgarde speaks to students in one

of Mr. Swift’s science classes.

Students Reflect Upon Meeting Grammy-

Winning Musicians By: Luke White Buffalo and Sheyanna Kaline

“Don’t be afraid to go out on a limb.

That’s where the fruit is.” —Jimmy Carter,

39th President of the United States

When was the last time you

tried something new? Taking

chances and trying new things can

be scary, but it can also be reward-

ing.

For example, some high

schoolers recently discovered a

new beverage—S. Pellegrino Min-

eral Water. This “new” beverage is

actually a very popular item in oth-

er locations. This Italian sparkling

water has been produced for nearly

600 years. In fact, legend has it

that Leonardo da Vinci even visited the mineral spring, tasted the drink, and

later wrote about this miracle water.

So, step outside your comfort zone once in a while. Try new things.

You never know...Something that is new to you today may be end up being

your new favorite tomorrow.

CLUB NEWS LDHS Needs A

Student Council An Editorial by Trevor Poitra

Do you have an opinion about

your school? Do you want your voice to

be heard? Do you want to make a few

changes? Well, if so, we need to form a Student Council. Lame Deer High

School has had a Student Council before. The Junior High even has their own

Student Council. We need one at the high school, too!

Student Council is an organization that represents the student body. Stu-

dent Council members are elected by their peers to address areas of concern at the

school and to organize activities that benefit the students, community, and school

in many ways. This is something that we really need at our school.

Right now, there is no sponsor for High School Student Council. We

need a staff member to step up and take on this role. Then, we can get started

electing representatives for each class. Just remember, though, that voting is a big

responsibility. Don’t just choose someone who is popular or fun. Choose some-

one who will take the responsibility seriously.

So, please, LD students, staff, and administrators…Help us get our Stu-

dent Council up and running again. It works for all of us.

Catching Up With AISES By: Adriann Killsnight

The sponsor for AISES is Byron

Woods. Adriann Killsnight acts as a volun-

teer for the organization.

Last year, the American Indian Sci-

ence & Engineering Society (AISES) Club

fundraisers included a taco salad & drink

sale, cotton candy sale, and a 50/50 raffle

during one of the basketball

games. Additionally, the AISES Club

helped with gates at the games and co-

sponsored a meal and served the Lodge

Grass/Morning Star boys’ and girls’ basket-

ball teams.

AISES joined the Outdoor Club in a variety of activities including skiing

and hiking. We also planned and organized to build a trail network that encom-

passes interpretive signs that integrate Scientific & Cheyenne Cultural knowledge

and the Cheyenne language (Cheyenne names for all species) about the plants and

wildlife. These resources are culturally significant to the Northern Cheyenne

people, culture and lifeways. This interpretive trail network will not only be edu-

cational, both scientifically and culturally, but also serves as way to provide a safe

environment for students, staff and public to enjoy physical activity.

Additionally, the AISES Club held weekly meetings and participated in

virtual workshops that were hosted by University of Montana for High School

Students across Montana. This virtual workshop was organized, scheduled by

Adriann Killsnight and held over three days. The students, Adriann Killsnight,

and Mr. Swift actively participated during the sessions.

This year’s activities have included several fundraising endeavors and weekly

meetings. We are actively engaged in fundraising goals in order to participate

and attend STEM Conference, complete the Trail Network Trail on LDHS Cam-

pus (Botanical Info/Cheyenne language, both scientific and cultural importance of

plants and other resources important the NC Tribe), and volunteer work which

includes care packages sent to LDHS graduates who are attending college.

Outdoor Club has

Snow Much Fun at

Sledding Party By: Mr. Calderone

Students from the Junior

High Outdoor Club stayed after

school on January 18 to try their

luck sledding down the big hill

across the school’s main parking

lot. Charley Keesy was the brav-

est and the first to sled down the

hill at speeds of probably 40+

MPH. Keely Birdingground had

the most trips down the hill but

not from the very top. Keely also

had the most crashes. Kaleb Ma-

son went down several times from half way up the hill. There is a legendary vid-

eo of a teacher, who looks and sounds identical to me, who had a major crash

going down the hill from the very top. The whereabouts are unknown but Tiri

may have that video. All I can say is that the video is worth watching. A big

thanks to Kaleb’s mother, Lisa, for baking up some cookies for the students.

Until next time…

Pictured Above: Kaleb Mason

February 2018 8 Morning Star Times

CLUB NEWS February 2018 9 Morning Star Times

Horsin’ Around With

The Outdoor Club By: Mr. Calderone

Winter has finally hit us with an uppercut to the

chin. However, before she finally came upon us, a few

students in the Junior High Outdoor Club were able to

get out into nature. Melio Blackhorse and Kaleb Mason

were the two students who volunteered the most to go

play with my horses and waste away afternoons in the

pasture.

As an older person, it was really neat to see two

young men, who are completely opposite in personali-

ties, get along so well and have fun playing around with

dirt, rocks, and horses. I have enjoyed getting to know

these two. Like his brother Kaden, Kaleb may turn out

to be a genius before everything is all said and done.

Kaleb is tuned in to just about everything that he comes

across and has a memory as sharp as a samurai sword.

Melio is one of the most pleasant students that I have had

the privilege to know. Melio is so aware of others and

has an energy that is hard to explain. Each time we have

gone to the pasture, Melio teaches both Kaden and I

about the subtle intricacies of working with horses.

The three of us would hike around the pasture, move cut wood, pet and feed

the horses, and sometimes ride them. Although we never accomplished much work

in the pasture, we always had a fun but relaxing time. Kaleb found the beaver who

has been damming up Muddy Creek--that was really cool to see. Once, when Melio

was riding a horse, the horse bumped into to Kaleb and pushed him out of the way

while going down a hill. Those are just two of the enjoyable things that happened

during our adventures. It is the little things that bring smiles to the faces of old peo-

ple like me.

I hope that we can get more students to come out and play around with hors-

es. It would be terrific if we could branch off and start hiking and doing other activi-

ties in the outdoors as well. I look forward to having more enjoyable experiences

with the Outdoor Club in the days to come.

Amelio Blackhorse

Kaleb Mason

2017-2018 LDHS Indian Club

Pictured Above: Mr. Medicine Bull with Dewey Little Coyote, Passion Blackburn,

Mariah Tendore, Haden Standing Water, Trevor Poitra, Jenny Wick, Katherine Wick, and

DeMarco Limberhand

Not Pictured: Talissa Bearcomesout (Photographer), Lena McMakin, Rocco McMakin

Welding Club Makes a Lot of Dough With

Quesedilla Business By: Brandon Brady

If you attended any of the

recent home basketball games, you

probably noticed the big bus with

the decorative lights parked right

outside the front door. You proba-

bly also noticed the delicious aro-

ma drifting through the air.

Well, that was the new

quesadilla food truck operated by

Mr. Friesz and the Welding Club.

For just a few dollars, you could get a delicious hot and cheesy chicken or

SPAM quesadilla. It was a popular and tasty addition to our concessions se-

lections this year. We look forward to enjoying these yummy treats again

next year.

Pictured Above: The Welding Club’s new

food truck is open for business.

Pep Club Gets Crowd Pumped Up By: Brandon Brady

For the first time in many years, LDHS sent an official pep club to

cheer on our Morning Stars and Lady Stars at the 3-B District Basketball Tour-

naments. With their sponsor, Nakia Bearchum, the pep club decorated the

gym, highway, and downtown area to show our school spirit and encourage

our teams.

Although everyone was disappointed that the final home game of the

season, which also happened to be Senior Night, was canceled due to a huge

snowstorm, we made do with a big pep rally on Wednesday morning before

the teams headed to Colstrip. After a fun students vs. staff basketball game,

seniors and their families were honored. The pep rally ended with an exciting

introduction of the varsity teams and some cheers that the pep club wrote.

After the pep rally, the pep club followed the teams to Colstrip where

they cheered on our teams during their tournament games. It’s exciting to have

our pep club and student section back after all these years!

Pictured Above: Pep Club and their sponsor, Nakia Bearchum, get the crowd excited

at the pep rally to send the players off to the 3-B District Tournaments. Laminated

jerseys were made by Ms. Wolfe’s art classes.

GEAR UP

Scholarship Opportunities For more details on the scholarships listed below or to obtain application

forms, please see Mrs. Medicine Bull or Mrs. Gion.

Horation Alger Scholarship (Deadline: March 15, 2018)

More information about this scholarship of up to $25,000 is available at

https://scholars.horatioalger.org. Recipients must have at least a 2.00 GPA.

Application opens on January 15, 2018.

National Society Daughters of the American Revolution (Deadline: Febru-

ary 15, 2018)

Applicants for this $1500 scholarship must be a tribal member and have at

least a 3.25 GPA.

Montana University System Honor Scholarship (Deadline: March 15)

More information about this scholarship of up to $4,000 per year is

available at www.mus.edu/scholarships.

Check the bulletin boards regularly. More scholarship opportunities will be

posted as they become available. Students and parents are also encouraged to

search the Internet for additional scholarships for which an individual student

may be eligible.

Pictured Above: Senior Kash Spang reads a story to Mr. Larsen’s third grade class at

Lame Deer Elementary School.

Seniors Share The Joy of Reading By: Mariah Tendore

Adriann Killsnight, Lame Deer’s GEAR UP Liaison, recently arranged an

exciting collaboration between LDHS Seniors and Mr. Larsen’s third grade class

at the elementary school. This is a wonderful opportunity for seniors to give back

to their school and community. It also reinforces to the elementary students that

reading can be fun and allows them to see high schoolers as role models.

In December, Kash Spang and I went to the elementary to read a novel to

the third graders. I loved how the children really got into the book that we read to

them.. They gathered around as we read the story. I read to the boys. One boy, in

particular, really got my attention. He sat right next to me and followed along as I

read. I could tell that he wanted to keep reading so much! He understood the

book so well—almost as well as I did. He asked a lot of interesting questions and

was really fun to be with. That little guy was so cool. I would love to read to him

again some day.

Get a Head Start On College With

Dual Enrollment By: Brandon Brady

A college degree isn’t cheap! It

takes a lot of careful financial planning to

pay for college. Of course, the counselors

will help you with some of that and grants,

loans, and scholarships are available to help

pay for your education. However, most stu-

dents end up having to pay for part of their

own schooling.

Thanks to our dual enrollment pro-

gram, juniors and seniors who are in good

standing, have an awesome opportunity to

get a head start on earning college credits. The best part is…..it doesn’t cost you

a dime! GEAR UP pays for your tuition and books as long as you are an enrolled

student at Lame Deer High School.

Last semester, five of our students earned college credits in math or Eng-

lish. This semester, two more students are earning college credit in math and

composition. This is a great opportunity to further your education, save some

money, and get your feet wet as a college student.

If you are interested in participating in this great opportunity in the fu-

ture, talk to Kitty Medicine Bull or Adriann Killsnight about signing up for sum-

mer or fall semester classes. Don’t let this opportunity slip through your fingers.


SPORTS

Go Stars!

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cip

ate

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To everyone who works hard

to make our athletic events a

success. At every game, you’ll

see numerous students and

staff members performing a

variety of duties that make the

Morning Star fan experience

so enjoyable. You are truly

appreciated. Thank you!

JH Boys’

Basketball

Coach: Chris Wipson Assistant Coach: Jesse Shotgunn Assistant Coach: Wally Headswift

A Squad Wiley Bearcomesout

Journey Emerson

Keyon Fisher

Sonny Hannaweeke

Adriano LaBeaux

Isaac Maldonado

Myron Redsleeves

Micaiah Rolling Bull

Ethan Seminole

Bruce White Buffalo

David Wick

B & C Squads

Amelio BlackHorse

Kraig Blackwolf

Joleo Fisher

Bree Flying

Preston Littlemouth, Jr

Seidel Pine

Julian Runsabove

Dayton Two Bulls

Reuben Littlebird

Dallas Carlson

Lady Stars’

Basketball

Varsity Coach: August (Tiger) Scalpcane Junior Varsity Coach: Tasia Scalpcane

Morning Stars’

Basketball

Varsity Coach: Allen Fisher Assistant Coach: Simon WalksAlong, Sr.

Assistant Coach: Brandon Tallbull

Players Kaylyn American Horse

Jessica Bahr

Mishayne Bearchum

Shanika Bixby

Alannah Blackwolf

Kyleah Blackwolf

Omunique Blackwolf

Madison Doney

Mariah Fraser

Aniyah Grant

Melissa Killsnight

Shaina Killsnight

Kay-Lee Little Coyote

Reyna Littlewolf

Alicia Medicine Bull

Cheyanna OneBear

Rezariah Redstar

Davinia Rodriguez

Mariah Tendore

Latessa Two Bulls

Jasmyne Two Moons

Players Quincy Bearcomesout

Lance Bowers

Brandon Brady

Dre LaBeaux

Alan Blackwolf, Jr.

Aaron Elkshoulder

Joseph Ferrara

Deno Fourhorn

Samuel Haugen

Seth Limberhand

Dewey Little Coyote

Tristan LoneWolf

Kingston McLean

Rocco McMakin

TayShawn Morrison

Trevor Poitra

Clifford Russell, IV

Royal Russette

Mickey Selage

Bowen Simpson

Kagan Sioux Calf

Kyler Spang

Javyyn Strangeowl

Philip Walksalong

Simon Walksalong, Jr.

Tyren Washington

Elroy Weaselbear

Michael Weaselbear

Tandon Whistling Elk

Tanyon Whistling Elk

Lane Whitewolf

Darren Yellowhair, Jr.


SPORTS 12 Morning Star Times February 2018

Staying Eligible Reduces Student/Athlete Stress Level By: Kay-Lee Little Coyote

“Eligibility” is a word that you hear a lot during basketball season. MHSA and Lame Deer

District policies both say that students must be eligible order to play in games. The reason for that

is that athletes represent their school, community, and fellow students. It’s important for athletes to

set a good example.

Some students consistently keep up their grades and are always eligible. Other students

find themselves bouncing back and forth between being eligible and being ineligible. This adds a

lot of stress to students’ lives—stress that isn’t necessary. Just staying eligible would make life a

lot easier, especially in the long run.

Students who are ineligible end up having to stay late for tutoring, which means they some-

times have to miss out on important practices.

They also have to miss out on other activities

with their family and friends because they

have school work to catch up on. They end

up stressing out about whether or not they

can play in the next games and even whether

or not they’ll earn credit toward graduation.

They worry about letting their teammates

down if they can’t play due to ineligibility.

They bug their teachers at the last minute,

expecting them help with work that should

have been done earlier in the grading quarter.

All of this stress is unnecessary if

you just do your work when it’s assigned.

Writing this article for my English teacher

has opened my eyes about eligibility. I real-

ize what a huge mistake it is to procrastinate

and mess around instead of just doing what

you have to do. Do it now and get it over

with! Once you get your grade up, all you

have to do is just make sure it stays up.

That’s so much less stressful than having a

huge amount of make-up work to do all at

once.

Player Perspectives: JH Girls Basketball Season Highlights

Marie Shoulderblade This basketball season

was so intense. We were unde-

feated this year. Our record

before we went to SEAAC was

12-0. We thought we could just

go into SEAAC and win it all,

but Lodge Grass wanted it

more. They beat us by one

point. That was the saddest

moment in our lives, but we

worked hard in every game and

in every practice.

The important thing

was that we became a family.

We had good moments and bad moments through the season,

but we still make each other laugh and smile. Our best

memory was when we went to Wyola. They were beating us

by 15 points. But then, we started coming back and we caught

up to them. We went into two overtimes that night and we fi-

nally beat them by two points. It was the happiest moment of

our lives. That is when I knew that God was with us and He

will always watch over us. My favorite quote is “I can do all

things.” That’s what I remem-

bered during that game.

Asia TwoMoons The 2017 junior high

girls’ basketball season was one

of the best year’s I’ve had as a

basketball player because I got

to play with my favorite coaches

and teammates. It also gave me

a chance to play with my sister.

At first, I was nervous

about how the season would go

until I realized that we had great

coaches who would teach us

well and a talented group of

girls who would play hard. We played as a team and we won

as a team. We were undefeated throughout the regular season.

Then, the Lodge Grass girls gave us a good go in the SEAAC

Championship. Even though we lost by one point, I really

enjoyed playing against them. Overall, the A-squad ended the

season with a 15-1 record.

I also had a good season as an individual player. My

highest score was 27 points against Lodge Grass at the SE-

AAC championship. I don’t think there will ever be another

time when I get to play with such an amazing group of girls

again. I’m excited about next ball season and also about play-

ing in high school with my sister. However, I will always re-

member the great times I had during the 2017 season with

such great coaches and teammates.

After-School Tutoring Schedule

All students, including athletes, can benefit from after-

school tutoring. Tutoring runs from 4:00-6:00 every

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday night.

Students can ride the activity bus home after the tutor-

ing sessions end. Here is the tutoring schedule for

Third Quarter:

Thursday

Ms. Legg (English)

Mrs. King (JH Science)

Ms. Williams (Math)

Mr. Hurtig (JH Math)

Mrs. Gion

Monday

Mr. Loy (History)

Ms. Lei (Junior High)

Ms. Williams (Math)

Mr. Wipson (Wellness)

Tuesday

Mr. Loy (History)

Ms. Legg (English


Ms. Glass (English)

Ms. Williams (Math)

Mr. Hurtig (JH Math)


Mrs. Gion

Wednesday

Mr.Swift (Science)

Ms. Glass (English)


Mrs. Gion

Ms. Williams (Math)


2017-2018 Girls’ Basketball SEAAC Team

SPORTS 9

13 Morning Star Times February 2018

Scoreboards

Varsity Boys’

Basketball

Date Opponent Result

December 7 Wolf Point (Metra) Win: 74-72

December 9 Hardin (metra) Loss: 84-40

December 15 Broadus (Away) Win: 72-42

December 16 Red Lodge (Away) Win: 71-60

December 20 NCTS (Away) Win: 73-22

December 23 Baker (Away) Win: 46-45

January 5 St. Labre (Home) Win: 65-62

January 6 Colstrip (Away) Loss: 89-47

January 12 Forsyth (Away) Loss: 88-68

January 13 Lodge Grass (Home) Loss: 98-96

January 20 Red Lodge (Home) Win: 95-68

January 24 NCTS (Home) Win: 98-65

January 27 Baker (Home) WIN: 64-56

February 1 St. labre (Home) Loss: 97-77

February 2 Colstrip (Home) Loss: 94-52

Varsity Girls’

Basketball

Date Opponent Result

December 7 Hays Lodgepole (Metra) Win: 69-35

December 9 Hardin (Metra) Loss: 56-24

December 15 Broadus (Away) Win: 53-31

December 16 Red Lodge (Away) Loss: 65-38

December 20 NCTS (Away) Loss: 69-42

December 23 Baker (Away) Loss: 68-56

January 5 St. Labre (Home) Loss: 62-50

January 6 Colstrip (Away) Loss: 59-44

January 12 Forsyth (Away) Loss: 60-42

January 13 Lodge Grass (Home) Win: 51-47

January 20 Red Lodge (Home) Win: 56-50

January 24 NCTs (Home) Win: 81-65

January 27 Baker (home) Win: 80-39

February 1 St. labre (Home) Loss: 54-47

We’ve Got Spirit,

Yes We Do! By: Trevor Poitra

Basketball season is in

full swing here at LDHS and

helping to get the crowd excit-

ed is our excellent cheerlead-

ing squad. So far, the cheer-

leaders are doing a great job

getting fans pumped up at the

games and pep rallies.

Another exciting de-

velopment is the return of the

student cheering section—a

special section roped off and

reserved ONLY for students

who want to help the cheer-

leaders hype up the crowd.

So far this season, our

home games have been packed

with hundreds of Morning Star

fans. The players and coaches

love how hyped the crowd has

been and how intensely the

players played. The players

feed off of the crowd’s energy

and the cheerleaders and stu-

dent section has done a great

job getting the crowd pumped

up. This is a great start for our home games. We’re really excited to see the cheer-

leaders and fans enjoy the games to come as we head into tournament time. Go Stars! Pictured Above: Cheerleaders Destynee Two Moons

and Henny Scott show their school spirit at a pep

rally.

Pictured Above: Tandon Whistling Elk, Brandon Killsnight, and Kyler Spang enjoy the

“Student Section.”

MEET THE STAFF 14 February 2018

Mr. Loy An Interview by Trevor Poitra

How long have you been teaching at Lame Deer? Eight years

What inspires you to teach and live in Lame Deer? The students—I

love teaching students who are interested in learning.

How has your teaching style changed since you first arrived here?

I already had a style teaching before I became a teacher. To this day,

I still teach using the same style.

Where did you earn your teaching degree? Illinois State Universi-

ty—one of the best “Teacher School” in the country...GO REDBIRDS!

What do you like most about Lame Deer? The landscape. It’s very

pretty here...nothing like it is in Illinois.

What do you think about the new rules this year? Things are getting better but I still see students

disobeying rules.

What is your most significant experience as a teacher here? I have a lot. But here’s one...Once, I

told a girl, “If you graduate, Ill give you a dime.” She said, “ That’s a lot of money coming from you,

Loy.” When she graduated, she ran straight to me, right past her family, right to me. It wasn’t about

how much the dime was worth. It was the value of it.

What is your most cherished memory here? Lame Deer is the only school that gave me a chance to

teach. I was turned down by other schools, but Lame Deer gave me a chance.

What was your honest first impression about the reservation? The garbage—That’s why I have the

“Garbage Speech.” My second impression was that many students don’t know how to value education.

They don’t know how important it is and what they can do with it.

Compare and contrast Springfield, Illinois and Lame Deer, Montana. The population. Lame Deer

has more people. Everybody knows everybody in Springfield. In Lame Deer, it seems like people stick

to their own. In Montana, you have to go 100 miles in any direction to get to a Walmart. In Illinois,

there are three in every town.

Why are you always chosen to chaperone the Art Walks? The Art Walks have nothing to do with

history. I do it for the media side of it. I teach how to document.

What drew you into photography? I was 30 years old and Montgomery Ward had a camera on sale—

a X700 Minolta. I said to myself, “It’ll be cool to have a camera.” I bought it and have had one ever

since .

Have you ever displayed or sold your own photography? No, I’ve never sold my own, never tried to.

I display them occasionally. I display them at the county fair back home. I win a lot.

Why did you resign several years ago? Why did you return? I left after five years. I missed every-

thing at home. It was time to go. I returned because the school couldn’t find a replacement the next

year.

How would you deal with a student like yourself when you were in high school? I would slap the

crap out of him. I’d be considered ADHD back in my day.

What did you want to be when you were growing up? A baseball player. I played the game for thir-

ty years, since I was five years old.

Why did you want to be a teacher? 3 reasons: 1) I get to perform in front of an audience; 2) I have

a lot to share; and 3) I get summers off. I enjoy it a lot.

If you could change one thing about this school, what would it be? School uniforms. We would look

professional everywhere we go during sports activities and trips.

Do you have anything else to say to the students? Thank you for coming to class expecting to learn!

Ms.

Wolfe An Interview by

Clifford Russell

Where did you grow

up? Miami, Florida

How long have you

been teaching? This

is my eighth year. I

started working here in August 2010.

What do you like about your job? It fills a lot of my

need. 1) I get to work with young people. 2) I get to

use my collective skills and I get to share my skills in a

creative setting and watch students grow into self-

confident individuals.

What drew you to Lame Deer? The timing was right.

The opening presented itself just as I was finishing my

certification and it was within a reasonable distance

from my home. I have always had a personal interest

in Native culture.

What was your profession before you became a

teacher? I was Senior Art Director at Carmichael

Lynch Ad in Minneapolis. I designed print ads and

logos. I also created television commercials for na-

tional clients such as Harley Davidson and McDon-

ald’s.

How do you feel about your daily drive from For-

syth? I have learned to enjoy it. I use the quiet time to

enjoy the landscape and weather and to to map out my

day or evening. It gives me “thinking time.”

What do you enjoy about your job? I like working in

the studio every day and helping students I enjoy the

whole idea of students discovering new things and see-

ing them use that discovery to reach their vision.

Why do you like Art? It comes natural to me. It was

a strength that I had since Day One. It’s super im-

portant to me to remain balanced. Work should not

feel like work.

Who is your favorite artist? Dale Chinuly—He is a

glass blower who lives in Seattle. He combines his in-

terest in architecture, drawing designs, and color and

creates breathtaking sculptures with a team of 100

people.

Did you enjoy this interview? Absolutely!

STUDENTS OF THE MONTH January January January January January

Luke

WhiteBuffalo

Keyboarding

Ashantee

Crazymule Cheyenne Culture

Lenard

Whitedirt Cheyenne Culture

Destynee

Two Moons Social Studies 8

Mahala

Vetsch Social Studies 8

Kraig

Redneck English 7

Marlena

Garcia English 8

Joleo

Fisher Art

LayLah

Crazymule Math 7

Thereslyn

Jefferson Math 8

Cheyenne

Pine Life Skills

Kieara

Whitehawk Life Skills

LaTashia

Hogan Work Studies

Alicia

Medicine Bull Art

Passion

Blackburn Public Speaking

Davinia

Osife Math

Ricki

Spang Math

Omunique

Blackwolf Biology

Jada

StrangeOwl Beading

LaShantae

Russell Business Ed.

Trevor

Poitra Personal Finance

Hannah

Gardipee Keyboarding

Quincy

Bearcomesout English 10

Shanika

Bixby English 9

Aniyah

Grant Foods

Dre

LaBeaux Sewing

Reyna

Littlewolf Government

Mariah

Tendore U.S. History

Florence

Whiteman U.S. History

Shaina

Killsnight English 9

Simon

Walksalong English 10/11

Teranie

Fisher World History

Lindsey

BadBrave Media

Tristan

Lonewolf English

April

Killsnight Reading & Math 8

Jessica

Bahr Credit Recovery

Paris

McLean Library Skills

Shaynell

James Work Studies

Fred

Washee Science 8

Talissa

Bearcomesout Earth Science &

World History

Shakira

Burns Reading & Math 7

Sonny

Hannaweeke Science 7 &

Social Studies 7

FEATURES 16 Morning Star Times February 2018

The Roots of Rap By: Brandon Brady

Rap is one of the most

popular musical genres today.

It’s only been really popular for

a few decades. However, rap

music can be traced back sever-

al centuries to its African roots.

West African “griots” would beat drums as background music as

they told stories about heroes, conquests, news, and even gossip.

Africans who were captured and sold into slavery brought

their musical traditions with them to the United States. The spir-

itual work songs of American slaves inspired the Blues music that

later became popular, especially in the Deep South. Some of these

early blues songs even bore some resemblance to modern rap mu-

sic.

During the disco era of the 1970’s, rap music began to

take off as musicians rebelled against the flashy disco tunes. In the

1980’s, hip hop rap developed out of DJ and Master of Ceremo-

nies’ announcements that were made over the microphone at par-

ties. Later, it grew into more complex raps. In 1986, NWA

changed the rap game with their unique lyrical style and gangster

rap became common among pioneers such as Tupac, Snoop Dogg,

and 50 Cent.

Now, rap music has evolved into a wide variety of flow

types. Every rap fan has his or her favorite. We surveyed the stu-

dents to see which rappers are popular with Morning Stars. Check

out our survey results to see everyone’s favorites!

Groundhogs: Cute, FurryCritters or Weather Forecasters? By: Tristan LoneWolf

February 2 is Groundhog Day, the day

when various communities in the United States

gather to see if a groundhog comes out of his hole

after hibernation and stays out or if he returns to his

hole. The legend says that if he sees his shadow,

his instincts tll him to go back into his hole to hi-

bernate for six more weeks of winter. If he doesn’t

see his shadow, he stays above ground because he

knows that warm spring weather is coming soon.

The tradition of Ground Hog days comes

from the European beliefs associated with Candle-

mas Day which was celebrated by Early Christians.

Candlemas Day celebrates three occasions: the presentation of the baby Jesus, Jesus’s first entry

into the temple, and Virgin Mary’s purification. Since Christians believe that Jesus is the “light

of the world,” the most well-known tradition associated with Candlemas is a celebration involv-

ing lighting and blessing candles. It was important to know what the weather forecast would be

for these celebrations. Therefore, people would watch animals, most often hedgehogs, coming

out of hibernation to predict the upcoming weather. If the animal saw its shadow, it would return

to its hibernation hole and the people would prepare for what they called their “Second Winter.”

European settlers later brought the tradition to the United States. Germans who settled in

the Pennsylvania area noticed that the groundhog resembled the European hedgehog. Ground-

hogs also appeared to be intelligent creatures. Therefore, they decided to let the wise groundhog

predict the weather. Their survival depended on being prepared for harsh weather.

Many years later, even though we now have made a lot of progress in technology and

weather forecasting, some people still celebrate Groundhog Day. However, now it’s more of a

fun celebration than the serious event that it once was.

Who Is Your Favorite Rapper? Amelio Lil Pump Douglas Lil Pump LayLah Russ, Kendrick Lamar Paradise Russ, Suicide Boyz Micahlyn Russ Alonzo Dr. Dre Seidel Lil Wayne, Kendrick Lamar Bruce YBN Almighty Jay & YBN Nahmir Wiley S Crackhead Bobby Preston Jr. Lil Peep, Suicide Boyz Kaleb Kendrick Lamar David W Lil Xan Destynee Kodak Black, Russ Delores Kodak Black Mahala Rap Monster & Bts j Monster Asia Russ Shantel Russ & G Eazy Kieara Russ & Kodak Black Shandine Del the Ghost Rapper & Tyler Joseph Daymien Kevin Gates Colin Eminem Keely Russ Myron G Eazy & Ryan Caraveo Ashantee Suicide Boyz Elmer 2Pac

Darica Easy E & HeartBreaka Ethan Kodak Black, Suicide Boyz, & XXXTentacion Joycee Russ & XXXTentacion Wiley B Kodak Black & Kendrick Lamar Island Kendrick Lamar Elroy Lil Pump Brandon B Lil Vzi Vert Isaac Taj-he-spitz Tristan Kendrick Lamar Joleia Immortal Technique Quincy Joyner Lucas & Logic X Mike Stud Davin L Kendrick Lamar Lance Gerald Gillum Latrell Cardi B Michael W Sir Robert Bryson Hall II & Logic Kash Made in Tyo Shea Joyner Lucas Lena 2 Pac Mariah T Chance The Acid Rapper Charlie W Aesop Rock Passion Tech9 Calesta King Lil G (ATM) Kagan Travis Scott Clifford Rittz

Teranie Kendrick Lamar, J Cole, NF Wretha Dr. Dre & YG Kyler Trippie Redd DeMarco A$AP Rocky & Rittz Talissa Dizzy Wright Mickey Joyner Lucas, Logic, Chris Webby Alicia MB Gerald Gillam Jessica 2 Pac Lane 2 Pac & Snoop Dogg Wade Dr. Dre & Snoop Dogg Omunique Logic John T Milky Way Darren YH Kevin Gates, King Lil G, & Chevy Woods Kyleah Kevin Gates & Chance the Rapper TayShawn 21 Savage, NBA YB Shay AH Charles P. Scene Shaneka Matt Dreamer Dewey Tupac, J Cole, Kendrick Lamar Chalayne Chance the Rapper Royal MGK, Ruby da Cherry, Scrim, Em, and 2 Pac

Simon Lil Peep Philip Kodak Black & 4G April 2 Pac Keyon Ice Cube, Spirit Puff Daddy, Kevin Gates Delaina Joyner Lucas

FEATURES February 2018 17 Morning Star Times

Valentine’s Day

Around the World By: Aniyah Grant

Have you ever wondered what

other cultures do when Ameri-

can couples are celebrating Valentine’s Day. A form of Valentine’s Day is cele-

brated in many countries. Here are just a few of the different Valentine tradi-

tions around the world.

England: A Valentine tradition in England is for women to place five bay

leaves moistened with rosewater on their pillows to bring dreams of their future

husbands.

Estonia and Finland: In these countries, they celebrate friendship rather than

romance on February 14.

Denmark and Norway: Friends and sweethearts exchange pressed white flow-

ers called snowdrops. Men also give women gaekkebrev, which are funny po-

ems signed anonymously with dots. The women then try to guess the identities

of their secret admirers.

Spain: In Valencia, Spain, the day of romance is October 9, the Day of Diony-

sus, the patron saint of love. They hold parades and festivals where men give

their partners mocadoras, which are figurines made of marzipan.

Japan and South Korea: On February 14, women give chocolate to their part-

ners. On March 14, men give chocolates to their ladies. On April 14, the single

people gather together and eat jajangmyeon (black noodles).

Slovenia: Slovenians use February 14 to celebrate the first day of working in

the fields.

Wales: January 25 is known as Dwynwen’s Day. They carve elaborate spoons

out of wood and give them to the ones they love.

Brazil: Dia dos Namorados (The Day of Lovers) is celebrated on June 12.

They celebrate St. Anthony’s Day on June 13 in honor of the patron saint of

marriage.

Philippines: The government sponsors mass weddings for hundreds of couples

on Valentine’s Day.

Ghana: February 24 is National Chocolate Day in Ghana. This began in 2007

as an attempt to increase tourism in cocoa-producing countries like Ghana.

Czech Republic: Lovers celebrate on May 1. They make a pilgrimage to the

statue of poet Karel Hynek Macha in Petrin Park. Kissing under the cherry

blossoms is said to bring good luck.

Bulgaria: On February 14, Bulgarians celebrate St. Trison Zarezan Day. This

means Winemaker’s Day.

Romania: On February 24, Romanians celebrate Dragobete (The Day the Birds

Were Betrothed). Young couples go into the forest to pick flowers together.

Argentina: Here, they celebrate Sweetness Week where they exchange kisses

for sweet treats.

France: In the town of St. Valentin, they decorate their houses with roses and

cover trees with love notes.

South Africa: Young women pin the names of their

crushes on to their sleeves.

China: The Chinese Festival of Love is called Qixi. It

takes place on the seventh day of the seventh month in the

Chinese calendar. Couples pray for prosperity and singles

offer fruits to the heavenly being Zhinu in hopes of finding

a mate before the next year’s festival. This tradition

comes from the legend of a young couple whose families

kept them apart but allowed them to be together for one day each year.

The Original Valentine By: Tristan LoneWolf

Have you ever wondered how Valentine’s

Day got its name? The holiday is named after Saint

Valentine, the patron saint of love and marriage.

During the reign of Emperor Claudius the

Cruel, it was important that the Roman Empire have a

large army. Claudius believed that one of the reasons

why men didn’t want to join the army was because

they didn’t want to leave their families. To solve the

problem, Claudius banned all marriages in Rome.

Valentine was a holy Roman priest. He

thought that the law was unfair and decided to per-

form marriage ceremonies for young couples in se-

cret. When Claudius found out what Valentine was

doing, he ordered Valentine’s arrest. While he was

imprisoned, Valentine worked hard to convert Roman guards to Christianity. Val-

entine was condemned to be beaten to death with a club and to have his head cut off.

The execution was scheduled to take place on February 14.

Stained glass image of

Valentine marrying a Roman

soldier and his true love.

The Story of the Red Rose By: Tristan LoneWolf

Nothing says Valentine’s Day like a bouquet

of red roses. The Society of American Florists claims

that Americans spend over two billion dollars on flow-

ers each Valentine’s Day. Most of those flowers that

are sold for the holiday are red roses. In fact, over 250

million red roses are grow just to meet the demand for Valentine’s Day.

The red rose is a symbol of love and romance that dates back to Greek my-

thology. There are two different myths that explain how the red rose was created.

Both of them involve Aphrodite, the

Greek goddess of love and beauty,

grieving over her dying lover Adonis,

who was severely wounded by a wild

boar.

In the first myth, Aphrodite was

kneeling over Adonis’s dying body. As

she cried, her tears mixed with his blood

and a beautiful blood-red rose magically

grew where her tears met his blood.

In the second myth, Aphrodite

was running through a white rose garden

in order to be with the injured Adonis.

Along the way, she was severely

scratched by the thorns on the white rose

bushes. Her blood turned the white

blooms a blood-red color. Interestingly,

the white roses were also created by

Aphrodite. Since she was born from sea

foam, she left a trail of sea foam wher-

ever she went. The foam later grew into

white rose bushes.

In both myths, the red rose was

created out of Aphrodite’s love for Adonis. This is why the red rose is the perfect

romantic gift for someone you love.

The Color of Roses Roses come in many colors. Each color repre-sents something different.—something to think about the next time you give roses to someone you care about.

Red: Romance, True Love

White: Innocence, Purity, Loyalty

Cream: Thoughtfulness, Charm

Yellow: Friendship, Joy, Get Well

Dark Pink: Gratitude, Appreciation

Light Pink: Admiration, Grace, Elegance

Lavender: Love at First Sight

Dark Purple: Majesty

Salmon: Excitement

Peach: Modesty

Blue: Immortality, Prosperity

Burgundy: Unconscious Beauty

Orange: Passion, Desire, Fascination

Green: Good Wishes, Renewed Spirit

Black: Mystery, Farewell, Death

FEATURES February2018

NFL’s Final Four By: Joseph Ferrara

The 2017-2018 professional football season came to an end on February 4, 2018 when the Phila-

delphia Eagles beat the New England Patriots (41-33) in Super Bowl LII at the U.S. Bank Stadium in Min-

neapolis, Minnesota. The championship game capped off a very exciting season. Let’s take a

few moments to look back on the final four teams made it to the finals.

The New England Patriots, Minnesota Vikings, Philadelphia Eagles, and Jacksonville

Jaguars: If one of these four finalists is your favorite team, congratulations. It was a tough

season for all of these teams. Each one faced its own challenges: the Vikings had to rely on their second string quarterback for the majority

of the season; both the Jags and the Eagles were underdog teams; and the Patriots lost Julian Edelman in preseason. After a season of

fights, nail-biting finishes, injuries, and countless hours of practice, these four teams perse-vered to come out on top and finish in the Final Four.

The Jags were said to have the best defense. They took on the Pats, with their # 1-rated offense. The Eagles, with the highest win streak of nine games, took on a team said to

have the loudest and most inspiring fan base-- the Vikings. On January 21st the Vikings’ star rookie quarterback, Casey Keenum, and their astonishing fan base had no chance

against the almighty underdog Eagles as they were defeated 38-7. People say defense wins games, and this may be true. However, when it comes to Tom Brady, all bets are off.

Brady, whether you like him or not, has proven how great of a player he really is. He has five Super Bowl rings to prove it. For a while, it looked like he was on the road to ring #6,

as the Patriots defeated the Jaguars, 24-20, but was taken down by the Eagles in Super Bowl LII. The Eagles finished first in the NFC East with a 13-3 record. They scored 457

points in the season, averaging 29 points per game. Carson Wentz was 265 for 440 with 3,296 yards, 7 interceptions, and 33 touchdowns. Their defense was responsible for 19 in-

terceptions, 26 fumble recoveries, 38 sacks, and 295 points allowed. The Patriots finished first in the AFC East with a 13-3 record. They scored 458

points in the season, averaging 29 points per game, which was the second-highest points scored in the season just behind the LA Rams at 478 points. Tom Brady was 385 for 581

with 4,577 yards, 8 interceptions, and 32 touchdowns. The Pats’ defense acquired 12 inter-ceptions, 12 fumble recoveries, 42 total sacks, and only allowed 296 points this season.

The Jaguars finished first in the AFC South with a 10-6 record. They scored 417 points in the season, averaging 26 points per game. Blake Bortals was 315 for 523 with

3,687 yards, 13 interceptions, and 21 touchdowns. The Jags’ defense had 21 interceptions, 24 fumble recoveries, 55 team sacks, and allowed only 268 points, second-lowest of the

season. The Vikings finished first In the NFC North with a 13-3 record. They scored 382 points this season, averaging 24 points per game. Case Keenum was 325 for 481 with 3,547 yards, 7

interceptions, and 22 touchdowns. The Vikings’ defense had 14 interceptions, 7 fumble recoveries, 37 total sacks, and 252 allowed points, best of the season.

Unfortunately for Vikings and Jaguar fans, their teams were eliminated in the play-offs and the Eagles and Patriots faced off in Super Bowl LII. Patriots’ quarterback Tom

Brady was 26 for 38 for 298 yards. Two of those 26 were good for touchdowns. Brady headed into the Super Bowl with 4,875 yards, a 67% completion rate, 411 for 619, 34

touchdowns, and 8 interceptions. Meanwhile, Eagles’ quarterback Nick Foles jumped in at starter and went 26 for 33 with 346 yards. 3 of the 26 were touchdowns. Foles went into

the biggest game of the season with a 61% completion rate, 83 for 134, 5 touchdown, 2 interception, and only 883 yards.

After all was said and done, the Eagles made history by winning their first Super Bowl ever and taking down Super Bowl veterans the Patriots, in the process.

Super Bowl Trivia By: Joseph Ferrara

The NFL uses 72 game balls in a Super Bowl.

A Super Bowl trophy costs $25,000.

The Super Bowl trophy is named after Vince Lombardi, coach of the Green Bay Packers who

won the first two Super Bowls in 1966 and 1967.

No team was ever shut out at the Super Bowl.

The Super Bowl used to be called the “AFL Vs. NFL World Championship Game.”

Super Bowl XLIX was the most-watched televised program ever with over

114.4 million viewers.

Peyton Manning is the only quarterback to start and win a Super Bowl with two different teams.

The New England Patriots have faced half of the NFC teams in the Super

Bowl.

The quarterback with the most Super Bowl rings: Tom Brady with five.

Most passing yards: Kurt Warner, 414 yards in Super Bowl XXXIV

Longest Pass Completion: Jake Delhomme, 85 yards in Super Bowl XXXVIII

Most Passing Touchdowns: Steve Young, 6 touchdowns in Super Bowl XXIX

Most Rushing Yards: Timmy Smith, 204 yards in Super Bowl XXII

Longest Run: Willie Parker, 75 in Super Bowl XL

Most Running Touchdowns: Terrell Davis, 3 touchdowns in Super Bowl

XXXII

Longest Field Goal: Steve Christie, 54 yards in Super Bowl XXVII

Most Combined Points: 75 —Chargers (26) vs 49ers (49)—in Super Bowl XXIX.

From Underdogs To Top Dogs By: Joseph Ferrara

For the first time ever, the

Philadelphia Eagles are Super Bowl champions. Tom Brady’s 500 yards

of passing wasn’t enough for the New England Patriots to claim Super

Bowl ring #6. Philly fans few high as they celebrated a 41-33 victory by

burning down stores and flipping cars in downtown Philadelphia.

Throughout the game, the teams were evenly matched. Tom Brady was 28

-49 with 500 yards and Nick Foles finished with 29-44 with 374 yards. The Eagles

shined on the ground game with 164 rushing yards compared to the Pats, who had

only 113. Jay Ajayi and LeGarrette Blount were the superstars as they both had 2

runs for over 20 yards and had a combined average of 7.2 yards per run. In the last minute of the game, The Pats had zero timeouts, 91 yards to go

and a minute on the clock. Three passes to Gronkowski (TE) later, Brady and the boys were on the Phillies’ 40-yard line with 48 seconds remaining. The ball was

snapped, Brady dropped back, looked left, looked right, snapped back left, cocked his arm back and BOOM! Cox, Eagles Defensive End, powered his way around

the Pats’ front line and knocked the ball from The Goat’s hand. Three green jer-seys jumped on the ball. Eagles recovered the ball on their own 45 line and were

ahead by 5. Nick Foles handed the ball to Ajayi 4 times to push them into Pats’ territory. The Patriots defense held up and made it 4th down. Out walked the kick-

ing unit. Ball soured from the center’s hand, ball was caught, set down, and kicked. Four seconds later the crowd roared. After a 46-yard field goal, the Eagles

took an 8-point lead and claimed their first Lombardi trophy.

18 Morning Star Times

SURVEYS February 2018 19 Morning Star Times

What is Your Favorite Winter Activity?

Elmer Easter Dallas C Halloween Rueben Christmas Fred W Christmas Keyon F Thanksgiving Spirit S Christmas, Easter, & Thanksgiving Marie SB Valentine’s Day & 4th of July David W 4th of July & Halloween Micaiah Easter Asa St. Patrick’s Day LayLah Christmas, 4th of July, & Valentine’s Day Tesla OB Christmas, New Year’s, & Thanksgiving Amelio Christmas, Halloween, New Year’s Joleo Christmas Douglas A Christmas Bruce Thanksgiving, Christmas, & 4th of July Preston Jr. Halloween & Easter Kaleb M 4th of July Paradise 4th of July Katherine W Christmas Mishayne Easter Brandon Christmas Kash 4th of July Jazzy TM Thanksgiving Michael WB Christmas

Tayshawn Easter Treyson Christmas Maddy My birthday Shaneka Christmas & My Birthday Darren YH New Year’s & My birthday Joey B New Year’s Raziriah New Year’s Chalayne Christmas & Thanksgiving Royal New Year’s Mary S Easter Samuel H Christmas & Halloween Ricki S Christmas

What is Your Favorite Holiday?

Shea RS New Year’s Haden SW Halloween Lance B St. Patrick’s Day Lindsey BB My birthday Kaylyn AH Christmas & Thanksgiving Charlie WD Valentine’s Day Joe F 4th of July & New Year’s Elroy WB Halloween Kagan SC 4th of July Clifford R Halloween Trevor P Halloween, New Year’s, & 4th of July Kyler S 4th of July Philip WA Thanksgiving Delaina P 4th of July Teranie F Indian Days Wretha HW 4th of July & Memorial Day DeMarco Halloween & 4th of July LaShantae R 4th of July Alaina C Christmas Cheyanna OB Christmas Quincy B St. Patrick’s Day Wade WA Halloween Lane WW Christmas & Halloween

Jessica B 4th of July Aniyah G April Fool’s Day Kay-Lee LC Christmas Dre L Halloween Omunique B Christmas Lenard WD Halloween Island 4th of July Trevor S Halloween Shandine Halloween Justin LB Christmas Wiley Halloween Micahlyn A 4th of July Keely Christmas & Easter April KN Valentine’s Day Cheyenne P Halloween Kailey J 4th of July Myron RS 4th of July & Christmas Mahala V Grandparents’ Day Shakira East John T My birthday Kendall Halloween Shantel Christmas Kieara Christmas Trishelle My birthday Daymian 4th of July Destynee 4th of July Javyyn SO Christmas Kyleah Christmas

Kaylyn AH Sledding Charlie WD Playing video games Joe F Snowboarding Dre L Sleeping & Sledding Clifford R Sledding Kagan SC Falling trees Trevor P Hunting, Snowdrifting, and Staying warm Calesta RN Being in front of the fireplace Mariah T Netflix Elroy WB Fortnite Kyler S Sleeping Teranie F Snowboarding & Hooky bobbing Wretha HW Sledding Talissa BCO Sleeping/Sledding/ Snowboarding DeMarco L Sleeping LaShantae Sledding Lindsey BB Sledding Shea RS Hood sledding & Hooky bobbing Chelcie B Sledding Mickey S Hibernating Wade WW Walking LD Micahlyn A Sledding

Keyon F Sledding/Snowball fights Spirit S Sledding Marie SB Watching movies & Drinking hot cocoa Marlena G Sledding & Watching movies Darica Movies & Making things out of snow Ashantee Watching movies Micaiah Snowball fights Laylah CM Sledding & Watching movies David W Drinking hot cocoa & Eating cookies Amelio B Getting pulled around Doug A Making snowmen & Kaleb M Sledding Preston Jr. Throwing snow at friends Bruce WB Sledding Katherine W Sledding Mishayne Night Sledding Brandon Sledding Kash Being outside Jazzy TM Sleeping

Melissa KN Sledding & Snowball fights Quincy BCO Night sledding/ Drifting/Staying Inside JayShaun Sledding Tanyon WE Sledding Alicia MB Sledding Isaac W-S Guitar and Drawing Kay-Lee Sledding Lane WW Playing games Jessica B Sledding Alaina C Looking at Sehun Davinia O Thanksgiving & Christmas break Shaina KN Break Chalayne Sledding Raziriah RS Sledding Shaneka B X-mas Break Shaina KN Sledding Seth LH Sleeping Treyson M Sledding Kyleah B Chill & Eat Javyyn Christmas Break Samuel H X-mas Break Maddy D Sledding Keely B Sledding

Mary S Feeding Cows Joycee TF Sledding Thereslyn Sledding Wiley Sledding & getting gifts for others Mahala V Sledding & drinking hot cocoa Sheldon Having fun with friends Shandine Making snowmen Justin LB Sledding Daymien Sledding Ellesha Watching snow fall Trishelle Sledding Bruce Snowballs Preston Throwing snowballs Alonzo Staying inside Seidel Snowball fights Shakira Sledding Cheyenne P Staying Home Myron RS Sledding Destynee TM Drinking hot cocoa Michael WB Being inside Haden SW Snow drifting Lance B Star Gazing Passion BB Drinking hot cocoa Winnie S Sledding

Do you

have a

good idea

for a survey or

poll question? Help

us out! Write down

your question and

give it to Ms. Legg or

give it to the office to

put in her mailbox.

HELP!

JUST FOR FUN 20 Morning Star Times

W V A Z J A O L Z X Q H A K S B I P X Y

T K D E N D F G O E T A Y N Y U I O E N

G Y G I K C F F J X Y I T W I L F W E G

E N Y A H S I M C M W R Q A I A E R T J

P A L Q K R F S F L I A B H N D H G H F

H N V V F A D Y X Y O M P D H Y H S E R

Q L M R E R M R A L A N N A H I O T W E

F N P U Z J R F D O C C O R D C Y N F D

R B C T M J W V P K A S A F B V D K F R

E L Y Q J H Y A G T T L V N W C S J O O

Y T Y R E N M K N Y Z V V M N D I L M F

N N Y R H N J O I Z P S M R U A H S A F

A O X V N K T O V A V H I X E Z Y A N I

Z R J P V S L J I L M E C A L L D E L L

O A Q A G T A N D O N A H E J H Y A H C

G A C N S I O O B E C V A Y S A N K D C

B G I V X M E E L Y A K E O V C D F P K

U K Z T V F Y A W C Q G L E E K E A I T

J P O U C Y A N H P Y V S C K Y F Y U B

Z O M Q R T R H E H C Y P K Z Y U G I M

2018

Morning Star Times Staff: Writers/Photographers: Trevor Poitra, Elroy Weaselbear, Alannah Blackwolf, Tristan LoneWolf, Quincy Bearcomesout, Brandon Brady, Clifford Russell, Aniyah Grant, Joseph Ferrara, DeMarco Limberhand Guest Contributors: Alicia Driesenga, Michael Calderone, Susan Wolfe, Navar Swift, Adriann Killsnight, Nathan Friesz, Haden Standing Water, Kay-Lee Little Coyote, Mariah Tendore, Passion Blackburn, Marie Shoulderblade, Asia Two Moons, Kaylyn American Horse, Luke White Buffalo, Sheyanna Kaline, Melissa Killsnight, Eugene Holy Elk Boy Advisor: Ms. Alison Legg Principal: Mr. Steve Ewing Assistant Principal: Mr. Byron Woods Superintendent: Mr. Gerald Chouinard

WANTED: Writers and Artists Do you have an opinion that you want to express? Have you written a

poem or story you want to share? Have you created a comic strip or

cartoon that would amuse your fellow students? Do you have im-

portant news to share about your class, team, or club? If you answered “Yes” to

any of these questions, submit your writing to Ms. Legg for a chance to be featured

as a “Guest Writer” in our next edition of the Morning Star Times.

AARON

ALANNAH

ANIYAH

CHEYANNA

CLIFFORD

DEWEY

JADA

JASMYNE

KAYLEE

KINGSTON

KYLER

LANCE

MARIAH

MICHAEL

MISHAYNE

PHILIP

REYNA

ROCCO

SHAINA

SHEA

TANDON

TANYON

TYREN

Across

3. Cheyanna 5. Rocco 6. Shaina 9. Reyna 12. Mishayne 13. Jada 14. Aniyah 15. Clifford 17. Kyler 18. Lance 19. Tandon

Down 1. Kay-Lee 2. Michael 4. Alannah 7. Aaron 8. Shea 10. Jasmyne 11. Mariah 16. Tyren

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