land and its resources
TRANSCRIPT
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Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
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oxygensiliconaluminiumironcalciumsodium
Elements in the Earth’s crust
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GoldSilverPlatinum
Natural elements
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Natural compounds- oxides
Haematite – iron oxide
Cassiterite – tin oxide
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Natural compounds - carbonate
Calcite – calcium carbonate
Malachite –copper carbonate
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Natural compounds - sulphides
Iron pyrite –Iron sulphide
Galena –Lead sulphide
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1. Hardness of minerals2. Solubility of minerals in water3. Action of heat on minerals
Properties of minerals
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Can be measured using Mohs’ scale
The hardest is diamond (10)The softest is talc (1)
Hardness of minerals
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Most minerals are insoluble in water
Only oxides, sulphates and carbonates of potassium and sodium are soluble in water
Solubility in water
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Most metal oxides are stable, do not break down when heated, except less reactive metals.
Mercuric oxide mercury + oxygen
Effect of heat
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1. Very hard except oxides of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium
2. Donot dissolve in water3. Do not decompose on heating
except mercury oxide
Metal oxides
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Break down into metal oxide and sulphur dioxide when heated
Iron sulphide iron oxide + sulphur dioxide
Sulphur dioxide bleaches acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution from purple to colourless
Metal sulphide
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Metal carbonate break down into metal oxide and carbon dioxide when heated
Calcium carbonate calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
Metal carbonates