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Land take indicator Land take indicator in the EEA Core set of indicators in the EEA Core set of indicators
and how it is used and how it is used in support to policy process in support to policy process
Ljubov GornajaLjubov Gornaja
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Land Land taketake indicator indicator
• One of 37 indicators included into the EEA Core set of indicators. http://themes.eea.europa.eu/IMS/CSI
• Topic – terrestrial environment.• DPSIR – Pressure.• Downloaded in the Indicators
Management System (IMS).http://themes.eea.europa.eu/IMS/ISpecs/ISpecification20041007131735/IAssessment1116504972257/view_content
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Indicator DefinitionIndicator Definition
Increase in the amount of agriculture, forest and other semi-natural and natural land taken by urban and other artificial land development.
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UnitsUnits
• Units of measurement are hectares or km2.
• Results are presented as:• average annual change,• % of total area of the country and • % of the various land cover types taken by
urban and other artificial land development.
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Methodology for indicator calculationMethodology for indicator calculation
• The indicator is calculated from Corine Land Cover (CLC) mapped from Landsat satellite images.
• Changes from agriculture, forest and semi-natural/natural land (CLC2 to CLC5) to artificial surface (CLC1) are grouped according to the land cover accounts methodology.
• Use of the CLC database provides a comparability of results between countries and allows computing the same indicator for smaller units such as regions or river basins.
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Policy questionPolicy questionss
Key policy question• How much and in what proportions is
agricultural, forest and other semi-natural and natural land being taken for urban and other artificial land development?
Specific policy questions
• What are the drivers of uptake for urban and other artificial land development?
• Where have the more important artificial land uptakes occurred?
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Figure Figure 11.. Land take by several types of human activity Land take by several types of human activity per year in 23 European countries, 1990per year in 23 European countries, 1990--2000 2000 Source: The European Environment Source: The European Environment –– State and Outlook 2005State and Outlook 2005, EEA 2005, EEA 2005
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Figure 2. Drives of artificial land developmentsFigure 2. Drives of artificial land developments
Source: The European Environment – State and Outlook 2005, EEA 2005
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Comparison of artificial land uptake by countriesComparison of artificial land uptake by countriesSource: The European Environment Source: The European Environment –– State and Outlook 2005State and Outlook 2005, EEA 2005, EEA 2005
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Use land take indicator in last Use land take indicator in last publications of the EEApublications of the EEA
• The changing face of Europe’s coastal areas, EEA Report No 6/2006
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2006_6
• Urban sprawl in Europe, EEA Report No 10/2006http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2006_10
• Integration of environment into EU agriculture policy — the IRENA indicator-based assessment report, EEA Report No 2/2006
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2006_2
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The changing face of EuropeThe changing face of Europe’’s s coastal areacoastal area
• Between 1990 and 2000 at European level, more than 2 720 km2 of agricultural land and semi-natural and natural land in coastal area were lost predominantly to artificial surfaces.
• The highest increase in artificial surfaces (20–35 %) has been observed in the coastal zones of Portugal, Ireland and Spain.
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Source: The changing face of Europe’s coastal areas, EEA Report No 6/2006
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Source: The changing face of Europe’s coastal areas, EEA Report No 6/2006
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Urban sprawl in EuropeUrban sprawl in Europe
In this report the CLC (1990 and 2000) data sets have been used. CLC makes it possible to assess the extent of urban sprawl in Europe, identifying different patterns and hot spots, and providing information about the neighbourhood of these zones so that change in the environmental context can be understood.
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Environmental impacts of urban sprawl (1)
Over the past 20 years low density suburban development in the periphery of Europe's cities has become the norm. The problem of the rapid consumption of scarce land resources is graphically illustrated in the widespread sprawl of cities well beyond their boundaries (Figure 8).
Source: Urban sprawl in Europe, EEA Report No 10/2006
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Environmental impacts of urban sprawl (2)
• Sprawling cities also threaten to consume the best agricultural lands (Figure 13).
Source: Urban sprawl in Europe, EEA Report No 10/2006
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Integration of environment into EU Integration of environment into EU agriculture policy agriculture policy —— the IRENA indicatorthe IRENA indicator--
based assessment reportbased assessment report
• The IRENA operation (Indicator Reporting on the Integration of Environmental Concerns into Agriculture Policy) was launched to further develop agri-environmental indicators for monitoring the integration of environmental concerns into the common agricultural policy (CAP).
• Operationalise the 35 indicators identified in COM(2001) 144 final.
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IRENA 12 IRENA 12 -- Land use change Land use change
• Land use change indicator is developed to monitor the impact of urbanisation on agricultural land.
• This indicator uses the same methodology as well as the land take indicator from the CSI.
• The sector share of land converted from agriculture to artificial surfaces (%) indicates which sectors are encroaching on agricultural land.
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Change in land use from agriculture to artificial surfaces betweChange in land use from agriculture to artificial surfaces between en 1990 and 2000 as a percentage of agricultural area in 19901990 and 2000 as a percentage of agricultural area in 1990
Source: http://eea.eionet.europa.eu/Public/irc/eionet-circle/irena/library?l=/final_delivery/indicator_sheets&vm=detailed&sb=Title
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
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Change in land use from agriculture to artificial surfaces as a Change in land use from agriculture to artificial surfaces as a % % of of agricultural area (in 1990) for administrative regions (NUTS 2 aagricultural area (in 1990) for administrative regions (NUTS 2 and 3)nd 3)
Source: http://eea.eionet.europa.eu/Public/irc/eionet-circle/irena/library?l=/final_delivery/indicator_sheets&vm=detailed&sb=Title
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Sector share of land converted from agriculture Sector share of land converted from agriculture to artificial surfaces (%)to artificial surfaces (%)
Source: http://eea.eionet.europa.eu/Public/irc/eionet-circle/irena/library?l=/final_delivery/indicator_sheets&vm=detailed&sb=Title
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
LU PT IE IT NL DK DE ES FR BE
Sec
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hare
of l
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Conversion of agricultural land to mines and waste dumpsites
Conversion of agricultural land to transport facilities
Conversion of agricultural land to industrial and commercial sites
Conversion of agricultural land to housing, services and recreation
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Recent developmentsRecent developments
• Update the land take indicator using CORINE land cover 2006.
• Further work on IRENA has been underway over the last year – the broad plan is to update the indicators and scope to include EU-27.
