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Table of Contents

Introduction

Services Offered

The Principals Joel S. Pinnix, P.E. Charles R. Field, P.E. Stacey E. Moulds

Project Descriptions Fauquier County Richmond Landfill Gas Mitigation

Obsidian Landfill Experience Matrix

Resumes Charles R. Field, P.E. Joel S. Pinnix, P.E.

References

Introduction

Obsidian is a Professional Practice, not a business. We work diligently to recognize key aspects of our client’s needs and provide clear alternatives in a responsive manner. We are not afraid to think “out of the box”. We thrive at providing creative solutions.

Our Principals have built their reputation on providing professional, innovative engineering to clients in the public sector. We understand the design and construction process. Our engineering background allows us to provide the technical and professional services needed to evaluate civil, geotechnical, environmental and related projects.

Recently we were sitting with Ellis Bingham in his office discussing Fauquier County’s need for a new CDD landfill. The landfill design would have been a great design project, but it occurred to Charlie and I that instead of a new landfill, Ellis could dramatically increase his air space with a vertical expansion over an old operating unit. Ellis was skeptical, but after a meeting with DEQ he cancelled his plans to build a new landfill. Later we were discussing it and he asked us “why didn’t my consultants think of this?”

We know the consultants and they are well-qualified engineers. So why didn’t they solve Ellis’s problem? They didn’t solve Ellis’ problem because they had the wrong type of relationship with Ellis. Their relationship with Ellis was the relationship of one business to another

business. Our relationship with Ellis is the relationship of professionals to a client whom we are ethically bound to protect.

On another occasion, we provided project inspection for a large-scale landfill construction project – at the end of the project, Mr. Charles Dane (Petersburg’s Superintendent of Streets and Solidwaste) commented in a memo, “I would also like to thank Joel Pinnix…He provided invaluable insight and guidance on-site that, on multiple occasions, saved us from unnecessary expense and/or delays. Mr. Pinnix was a pleasure to work with and exemplifies the assistance and professionalism that is expected, but often not received from a consultant engineering firm.”

These are just a couple of examples of our principal’s commitment to our clients – we strive to be:

• responsive

• creative problem solvers

• good listeners

• budget conscious

• technologically proficient

Obsidian’s Principals have earned a reputation for building strong client partnerships for over two decades. We welcome the opportunity to discuss how we can serve you!

Services Offered Environmental

• Wetland Delineation • Wetlands Mapping • Wetlands Mitigation Plans and Permitting • Water Quality Studies • Environmental Assessments • Ecological Studies • NEPA Studies • Hazardous Waste Evaluations • Regulatory Compliance • Petroleum Waste Management

Construction

• Construction Management • Project Inspection • BOCA Code Special Inspections • Construction Materials Testing • Project Management • Shop Drawing and Submittal Review • Preparation of Contract Related

Documents and analysis • Construction Cost Estimates • Delay Impact Analysis • Claims and Change Order Analysis • Constructability Review

Engineering and Design

• Geotechnical Engineering • Environmental Engineering • Facility Condition Assessments • Land Development Planning and Zoning • Stormwater Management • Wastewater Distribution Systems • Road and Drainage Design • Environmental Planning and Permitting • Erosion and Sediment Controls Plans

The Principals

Joel S. Pinnix, P.E. B.S., Civil Engineering - Construction Option, May 1983 North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

MBA - April 1996 Averett University, Danville, VA,

Mr. Pinnix has been actively engaged in engineering and construction services projects since 1983. His experience includes: • Geotechnical Engineering • Environmental Engineering • Facility Condition Assessments • Construction Management • Project Inspection • BOCA Code Special Inspections

Charles R. Field, P.E. B.S., Civil Engineering, May 1985

Virginia Tech

Since 1985, Mr. Field has provided the following environmental and engineering design services:

• Civil Site Design • Land Development • Stormwater Management • Wastewater Distribution Systems • Road and Drainage Design • Environmental Planning and Permitting • Erosion and Sediment Controls Plans

Stacey E. Moulds BA, 1992, Environmental Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

Ms. Moulds’ environmental project work includes: • Volunteer Monitoring Coordinator for the

Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay • Water Quality Studies, Environmental

Assessments, and Ecological Studies • Wetlands Delineation, mapping, Mitigation, and

Permitting • NEPA Studies • Hazardous Waste, Regulatory Compliance, and

Petroleum • Waste Management • Phase I Environmental Site

Assessments/Compliance Audits • Wetlands Nursery Management

Project Descriptions

Fauquier County Obsidian finds 1.5 million CY of air space and saves the County $1.5 million

By recognizing the value of unused air space, Obsidian, Inc. helped Fauquier County Environmental Services negotiate a HB 1205 expansion over a previously capped portion of their old landfill. This vertical expansion, as allowed by current DEQ Waste Management regulations, created approximately 1.5 million cubic yards of useable air space with a value of nearly $20 million dollars. The vertical expansion also saved the County approximately $1.5 million for siting, acquisition, design and permitting of a new CDD landfill.

Fauquier County Department of Environmental Services

6438 College Street Warrenton, VA 20187 (540) 347-6811 Ellis D. Bingham Director

This type of success demonstrates Obsidian’s goal of helping our clients optimize their resources by working together and developing creative solutions.

Obsidian Saves Fauquier County Time and $’s

In the spring of 2002 Fauquier County was preparing a fall construction project to construct Cell No. 3. The County had identified the Cell No. 1 area as the borrow source for the liner clay. As the County was preparing to have their consultant scope out a borrow area study to verify the quantity and quality of clay – Obsidian’s Mr. Pinnix remarked that a borrow study had previously been performed.

Fauquier authorized Obsidian to search available archives in an effort to find the clay borrow study report. Obsidian found the report which allowed the County to save time and money as they pursued their construction program.

Obsidian Pursues Daily Cover Variance for Fauquier County

Fauquier County began refilling their Permit 149 Operation Unit in June of 2001 as a CDD landfill. However, as a sanitary waste permitting unit they were required to apply daily cover over the waste at the end of each day. Due to the large void content of the CDD waste, Fauquier was using up to 300 cy of soil a day as cover, or over 75,000 cy of soil, all of which was being imported.

During a meeting with the County, Obsidian suggested obtaining a daily cover variance from the Virginia DEQ to allow Progressive Cover instead. Fauquier authorized Obsidian to pursue this variance on their behalf.

Within 60 days, Obsidian had obtained the variance for the County, thus saving thousands of dollars in soil import costs and saving air space which was valued at $14 per cubic yard.

By understanding the current regulatory environment and

Fauquier Projects by Obsidian Principals

• Permit 149 Closure Plan, 1990

• Permit 149 Closure Construction Plan, 1991

• Permit 149 Synthetic Cap Project, Construction Management/Quality Assurance, 1991

• Permit 149 Stormwater Drainage Improvements, 1994

• Corral Farm Part-B Permit • Corral Farm, Cell One

Borrow Area Study, 1993 • Corral Farm, Cell Five

Borrow Area Study, 1995 • Corral Farm, Cell Four

Borrow Area Study, 1998 • Corral Farm, Cell Five,

Construction Management, 1995-96

• Corral Farm Cell Four, Construction Quality Assurance, 1998

• Corral Farm Cell Three Construction Quality Assurance Consulting, 2002

having working relationships with the regulators, Obsidian was able to steer the variance request through the regulatory maze to benefit our client.

Closure Plan Modification Allows Project Expansion While Maintaining Budget

During the 1991 closure construction project, additional waste area was identified which resulted in a larger cap footprint area. The original cap section included a 6” gravel drainage layer in strict accordance with Virginia’s DEQ design philosophy. Upon identifying the additional footprint area, Obsidian’s Principals, Mr. Joel Pinnix and Mr. Charles Field, successfully argued that omission of the gravel drainage layer would have no material or engineering impact on the cap performance.

As a result, the gravel layer was omitted from the contract freeing up available funds to cover the entire unit – ultimately the project was completed several thousands of dollars under budget.

Richmond Landfill Gas Mitigation The City of Richmond had major problems at the Fells Street Landfill. Concerns about the landfill gas leaking into the Norrell Elementary School had brought unwelcome attention from the NAACP, concerned citizens, the DEQ and the EPA. The landfill gas extraction system was nearly twenty years old and had been rendered in operable by a series of construction activities on the site. It was feared that the landfill gas, without and active control, was moving in to the surrounding neighborhoods. To make the situation more difficult First Tee Golf, working with the Department of Parks and Recreation was scheduled to install a golf course on the landfill in May of 2002 and needed all the repairs to the system completed before they could

start.

After much deliberation it was decided that the project could not be completed within the require time frame and that there was not sufficient budget. The Obsidian/OWT team was asked to stand down until 2003. However, in February the city manager took an interest in the situation and decided that the project must be completed by First Tee’s May deadline.

Our team developed all the necessary plans and installed over 6,200 feet of gas line header. We replaced the twenty year old wellheads and used

the existing gas wells were possible and installed new wells in areas were the existing wells were lost or destroyed. The completed, tested, and activated by the May deadline. The efforts of the Obsidian/OWT team through a variety of cost saving measures was able to complete the project $30,000 under budget leaving money for training and normal maintenance that the city had decided to do without.

Obsidian Landfill Experience Matrix

Landfill – Location

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Augusta County Service Authority LF

Bedford County Landfill, No. 1

Bedford County Landfill, No. 2

Berkley Landfill, Spots. Co.

Big Bethel Landfill, Hampton

Botetourt Landfill, Cell 1

Brunswick County Landfill

Campostella Road Landfill, Norfolk

Chancellor Landfill, Spots. Co.

Charles City County Landfill

Cox Construction, Henrico Co., Va.

Dinwiddie County LF

Fauquier County Landfill

Giles County Landfill

Greene County LF, Standardsville, Va.


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Harrisonburg Landfill

Henrico County LF's.

Hopewell Landfill

International Paper, Franklin, VA

James City County Landfill

Jolivue Landfill, Augusta Co.

King George County Landfill

Livingston Landfill No. 1, Spots. Co.

Livingston No. 2 Phase I, Spots. Co.

Livingston No. 2 Phase II - Spots. Co.

Lynchburg Landfill

Piedmont Landfill, North Carolina

Potomac Landfill, Stafford

Mathews County Landfill

Middle Peninsula Landfill, Gloucester


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Nelson County Landfill

Nottoway County Landfill

Orange County LF, Orange, Va.

Orange County, NC Landfill

Petersburg Landfill, Cells D & E

Prince William County Landfill

Qualla Road Landfill, Chesterfield, Va.

Stump Dump Landfill, Fairfax

Quantico LF, Quantico Marine Corps Base, VA

Robinson Landfill, Sussex, Va.

Wakefield Landfill, Wakefield, VA

Gin Hill Landfill, Sussex, Va.

Resumes Charles R. Field, P.E.

B.S., 1985, Civil Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia Professional Engineer - Virginia, 1991

Environmental

Big Bethel Landfill, Sanifill Corporation, Hampton Virginia.

Project Manager and Lead design engineer on design and permit of a 300 plus acre, 60 million cubic yard sanitary landfill. The design effort included a complete composite base liner and leachate collection system design, final cover design, underdrain system design with blower and flare station, project specification, plan drawings, operations manual, CQA manual, Stormwater manuals. Located in a sand quarry, the base of the landfill was lower than the surrounding terrain and twenty feet under groundwater. Despite the challenging nature of the site, Sanifill needed the permit submitted to the state in just eight weeks. Was able to complete the landfill design in the required time frame. The permit was submitted to the VDEQ in February of 1994. The landfill design was reviewed by the VDEQ and given the Completeness Review approval in less than two weeks and without any revisions or comments.

Modern Landfill Expansion, Waste Management Inc., York County Pennsylvania.

Lead design engineer on 120 acre expansion to existing landfill. Prepared conceptual design, phasing plan and permit drawings for expansion over existing EPA Superfund groundwater extraction system. Develop and constructed a fractured bedrock groundwater collection system to replace the existing groundwater extraction system. Designed liner overlay system to separate the superfund material from proposed waste. Designed and permitted liner and leachate collection system design, final cover design, underdrain system design, project specification, plan drawings, operations manual, CQA manual, Stormwater manuals. The plans addressed EPA's concerns about expansion over their groundwater extraction system and the landfill was permitted and constructed on schedule.

Grummon Emergency Vehicle Plant, Roanoke, Virginia.

Lead design engineer for the design of a landfill gas remediation plan for the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. Conducted field studies required to determine the location, source, and concentration of the landfill gas and designed remedial gas collection system. Proposed remediation successfully eliminated landfill gas intrusion.

Chapel Hill Landfill, James City County Landfill, Corral Farm Landfill, Livingston Landfill No. 2, Nottoway County Landfill, City of Petersburg Landfill, Orange County Landfill, Potomac Landfill.

Senior design engineer on the design of new landfills in Virginia and North Carolina. Designed and prepared the permit plans for construction, operations, monitoring and closure. Included in the plans were the design of the leachate collection system, the landfill gas collection system, the lining and capping system, delineation of wetlands, preparation of erosion control plans, development of operational and load inspection procedures, and the development of quality control/quality assurance specifications. Developed plans for public use, operational, and entrance facilities.

August County Landfill Siting, Augusta County, Virginia.

Lead engineer on landfill siting. Developed siting criteria. Evaluated demographics, endangered species, soil conditions, transit systems, and waste production in identifying a location for the landfill. Developed empirical siting criteria to encourage public acceptance of chosen location. Prepared and presented report to the Board of Supervisors for the public review and comment. The recommendations were adopted and the landfill was constructed in proposed location.

August County Landfill, August County, Virginia.

Project engineer for groundwater remediation. Planned and managed construction of contaminated groundwater collection and holding systems. The plans included groundwater cut-off trenches keyed into inverted shale bed, a collection pipe system, pump station and force main system, holding and pre-treatment facilities. The system worked as planned and groundwater containment levels dropped dramatically.

Site Design

Safety Kleen Corporation, Chesterfield, Virginia.

Lead engineer for the design of the site plan for hazardous waste storage facility. Designed and coordinated the water, sewer, and fire control systems. Negotiated with the Virginia Department of Transportation for the construction and execution of erosion and sediment control measures at the site at no cost to Safety Kleen.

Newport New Recycling Facility, Newport News, Virginia

As lead design engineer was called in on an emergency basis to prepare plans to meet contracted schedule. In less than a week prepared plans for a Waste Management operated recycling and convenience center. The plans pasted review and allowed construction to start on schedule.

Atlantic Waste Landfill, Sussex County, Virginia.

Prepared site plans and associated erosion control plans for multiple citizen's convenience centers. Plans were all approved without comment or revision.

Habitat for Humanity, Arlington, Virginia.

Pro Bona civil engineering work to site and build homes for the working poor. Preformed flooding study and designed channel improvements to allow construction of three homes on lots that were not previous believed to be useable.

Stormwater

Modern Landfill, York County Pennsylvania

As part of a landfill design and permitting effort, managed the design of the Crutz Creek relocation. Preformed extensive geotechnical exploration to locate best possible route and elevation of the proposed creek. Designed creek layout, fish and macroinvertabrate habitats, and wetland restoration. Prepared grading and planting plans. Performed floodplain studies and redesigned creek crossing culverts to insure that rerouted creek would not negatively impact downstream communities.

Patuxent River Naval Base, Maryland

Mapped and catalogued stormwater facilities on three hundred area naval facility. Developed procedures and schedules for maintenance

of the stormwater features to meet pollution prevention plan requirements.

Middle Peninsula Landfill, Gloucester County, Virginia.

Prepared land disturbance permit for construction of landfill cell's. Permit prepared at less than 50% of the budget. Plan was approved by the county without comment or revision. The plan was described in the county's approval letter as the "best" land disturbance that had ever been submitted to the county.

Computer Modeling

PTIA Wetland Mitigation, Burlington, North Carolina

Prepared wetland mitigations plans to offset wetlands taken as part of the runway expansion for PTIA. Using Eagle Point and Microstation translated, GIS point data into digital terrain models for each of the proposed wetland mitigation creeks. The digital terrain models made profiles, cross-sections, grading plans and cut/fill volumes available to the scientist and planers on a continuous basis, allowing them to rapidly explore various proposed creek routings.

Waste Management Landfill Expansions

Waste Management as part of an effort to expand Sandy Hills, and Hunting Ridge Landfills in Maryland and to address political concerns at the Middle Peninsula Landfill in Gloucester Virginia needed visual displays of the proposed landfill configurations. Using Eagle Point and Microstation, 3-dimensional rendering were prepared for each site. Using photographs from various location around the landfills, the rendering were inserted into the photographs to show the visual impact of the completed landfill.

DFAY Venezuela Landfill Design

As part of the design of a flexacoke monofill, digital terrain models were developed to produce contours, profiles, cross-sections and cut/fill volumes using Eagle Point and Microstation. As part of the public relations campaign the models were rendered to provide 3-dimensional graphics that would be more easily understood by the general public.

Construction Management

Science Museum

Supervised inspection staff for historical renovation of Science Museum of Virginia. Organized, distributed and tracked Request for Information (RFI's), Change orders, daily logs and testing documentation. Prepared and maintained digital record of all construction related materials.

Kanwaha Trace Park, Richmond City.

Superintendent for the construction of the historical park. Coordinated with the officials and landscape architect to construct park facilities and bridge at the Kanwaha Trace Canal. Developed and executed grading plan for handicap access. Supervised the construction of the bridge, allowing access to the boat locks and the pump station.

Caroline County Bus Barn, Caroline County.

Superintendent of the construction. Coordinated with the county officials and the architect to construct parking and garage facilities. Supervised the clearing and grading of the 5-acre parking area. Supervised the construction of the slab on grade metal building.

First Congregational Christian Church, Chesterfield, Virginia.

Superintendent for the construction involving the clearing and grading of the site, and construction of building and ancillary components. Performed all site work related surveying. Completed project ahead of schedule despite severe inclement weather.

Published Articles

Solid Waste Composting Waste Age February 1992

Flexible Membrane Liners Civil Engineering April 1995

Joel S. Pinnix, P.E.

Obsidian, Inc. Richmond, VA Principal QA/QC Engineer

Education

BS, Civil Engineering - Construction Option, 1983 – North Carolina State University

MBA – 1996 – Averett University, Danville, VA

Mr. Pinnix has been actively engaged in geotechnical engineering and construction QA/QC projects since 1983.

Geotechnical and Materials Consulting

Mr. Pinnix has over 20 years experience providing geotechnical and materials consulting to the construction, land use and development industry. He has provided geotechnical evaluations and managed construction QA/QC programs on projects ranging from large-scale, multi-million dollar infrastructure projects to residential projects. Mr. Pinnix has also developed forensic investigations and provided analysis of existing structures and materials. Mr. Pinnix’s clients include private sector owners, architects, engineers, and local, state and federal government agencies.

Design and Construction of Landfills

Mr. Pinnix has extensive experience with design and construction of landfills. He has provided construction management and QA/QC certifications on numerous landfills in Virginia. He has extensive experience developing site investigation programs and evaluating soils for use as construction materials. Mr. Pinnix has written construction specifications and provided design review on both landfill closures and development.

The following summaries Mr. Pinnix’s landfill construction experience:

• 1.7 million CY Borrow Proofing

• 109 acres Sub-Title D Equivalent Landfill Cell Construction

• 400 acres Landfill Closure Construction

• 10 million SF GeoSynthetic Containment Construction

• $45 million Landfill Construction and Development

Management

His background includes planning and implementing organizational structures, and programs. Examples include initial development and continued oversight of engineering services related geotechnical, environmental and construction services. He has developed and managed in-house drilling services, planned and developed construction materials and geotechnical testing laboratories, including installation and fabrication of equipment, establishment of rules, policies and procedures and internal quality controls. And finally, Mr. Pinnix has implemented systems, programs and protocols for overall project management.

Landfill Engineering Projects

Borrow Area Studies Bedford County Landfill, No. 1 Cap 70,000 cy Bedford County Landfill, No. 2 Liner 22,000 cy Berkley Landfill, Spots. Co. Cap 17,000 cy Botetourt County Landfill Liner 13,000 cy Brunswick County Landfill Cap 75,000 cy Culpeper County Landfill Liner 26,000 cy Fauquier County Landfill Liner 40,000 cy Fauquier County Landfill Cap 60,000 cy Floyd County Landfill Cap 12,000 cy Giles County Landfill Cap 12,000 cy Harrisonburg Landfill Cap/Liner 50,000 cy James City County Landfill Cap/Liner 250,000 cy Jolivue Landfill, Augusta Co. Cap/Liner 500,000 cy Livingston No. 2, Spots. Co. Cap 31,000 cy Lynchburg Landfill Cap/Liner 53,000 cy Nelson County Landfill Cap 12,000 cy Nottoway County Landfill Liner 16,000 cy Nottoway County Landfill Cap 16,000 cy Orange Regional Landfill, NC Liner 40,000 cy Petersburg LF Cell D Liner 20,000 cy Petersburg LF Cell E LIner 16,000 cy Prince William County Landfill Cap 120,000 cy Roanoke Regional Landfill Cap 181,000 cy

Watuaga County Landfill, NC Cap 36,000 cy

New Cell Construction Augusta County Landfill Composite Liner 16 acres Bedford County Landfill, No. 2 Composite Liner 8 acres Botetourt Landfill, Cell 1 Composite Liner 7 acres Fauquier County Landfill, Cell 4 Composite Liner 6 acres Fauquier County Landfill, Cell 5 Composite Liner 5 acres King George County Landfill Double Composite

Liner 12 acres

Livingston No. 1 Landfill, Spots. Co. HDPE LIner 6 acres Livingston No. 2 Phase I, Spots. Co. Double HDPE Liner 8 acres Livingston No. 2 Phase II - Spots. Co.

Double GCL/HDPE Liner

8 acres

Lynchburg Landfill Composite Liner 18 acres Lynchburg Landfill - Phase I Expansion

Composite Liner 1 acres

Nottoway County Landfill Composite Liner 5 acres Petersburg Landfill, D & E Composite Liner 9 acres

Landfill Closure Construction Berkley Landfill, Spots. Co. VLDPE Cap 8 acres Bethel Landfill HDPE Cap 7 acres Bethel Landfill Composite Cap 2.5 acres Brunswick County Landfill Soil Cap 31 acres Campostella Road Landfill, Norfolk Soil Cap 20 acres Chancellor Landfill, Spots. Co. VLDPE Cap 15 acres Charles City County Landfill Soil Cap 8 acres Dinwiddie County LF Soil Cap 15 acres Fauquier County Landfill VLDPE Cap 10 acres Harrisonburg Landfill Soil Cap 10 acres Hopewell Landfill VLDPE Cap 16 acres James City County Landfill Soil Cap 30 acres Livingston Landfill No. 1, Spots. Co. Composite Cap 13 acres Lynchburg Landfill Soil Cap 25 acres Mathews County Landfill PVC Cap 12 acres Nelson County Landfill VLDPE Cap 6 acres Nottoway County LF Soil Cap 8 acres Orange County, NC Landfill Soil Cap 30 acres Prince William County Landfill Soil Cap 45 acres Quantico Landfill Composite Cap 20 acres Roanoke Regional Landfill Soil Cap 69 acres

Project Examples

Seismic Refraction Survey Gains Valuable Air Space

Augusta County Landfill, Augusta County Service Authority – Prior to 1993, the Virginia Solid Waste Regulations required a 5 foot separation between the bottom of the landfill liner and the top of bedrock. In order to maximize available air space for the Service Authority, Mr. Pinnix designed a seismic refraction survey to map the “Top of Bedrock”. By using seismic refraction techniques, Mr. Pinnix was able to gain valuable air space by verifying that bedrock did not correspond to auger refusal, that tens of feet of easily rippable rock overlay the “Top of Bedrock”.

Borrow Proofing Verifies Useable Clay for Liner Construction

Augusta County Landfill, Augusta County Service Authority – During the design of the new landfill facility the need to verify cost models required an investigation to verify that sufficient quantities of useable clay could be found on-site. Mr. Pinnix designed a comprehensive clay resource study covering the entire 300 acre footprint of the new facility. Grid lines were cut across the new facility and hundreds of test pits excavated to obtain representative soil samples. A comprehensive test program including soil classifications, proctors and remolded permeability verified that the on site soils could be used as a 10-7 cm/sec liner. The study further showed that the soils required screening to break down the weathered shale into a useable clay soil. The initial cell liner construction project, which was the first to use on site soils with screening, was completed without a soil related change order – further validating the borrow area study.

Slope Stability Verification Allows Project Completion

Quantico Landfill, Quantico Marine Corps Base, Virginia – When a conflict arose between the landfill cap designers and Quantico’s Quality Assurance engineers related to cap stability, Mr. Pinnix provided a engineered stability analysis which satisfied the owner and allowed the project to be completed. The issue of stability resulted from the proposed modeling parameters. The cap consisted of an HDPE synthetic cap overlain by a geotextile and soil erosion layer. The QA engineers insisted that the cap stability model include a fully saturated condition from the toe to the top of the slope, use residual strength values and maintain a factor of safety greater than 2. Mr.

Pinnix recommended obtaining real laboratory test data indicating friction values between the various layers and then used that data to verify stability of the cap. Even though the overall factor of safety was less than 2 in a fully saturated condition, it was suggested that this condition was not likely to occur and that a factor of safety greater than one was sufficient for the longterm stability of the slope under these extreme modeling conditions. By fully understanding the engineering aspects of the problem along with the risk associated with the modeling parameters, Mr. Pinnix’s analysis allowed the owner to proceed with closure without further delay and excessive redesign and construction costs.

Permit Review and Modification Allows Closure Certification

Franklin Landfill, International Paper, Franklin, VA – International Paper (IP) had closed sections of their Phase I operating unit progressively over 10 years. A review of their QA/QC data in conjunction with their Permit Requirements indicated that conflicting requirement in the Permit would not allow certification of the Closure. Mr. Pinnix recommended amending the Permit through a Minor Permit Amendment to bring the Permit into compliance with “Industry Standards” and thereby allow for certification of the closure. This amendment saved IP as much as $25,000 per acre in additional closure costs.

References

Charles Dane Manager Solid Waste Chesterfield County P.O. Box 290 Chester, VA 23832 (804) 748-1027 [email protected] Ellis Bingham Director Dept. of Environmental Services Fauquier County 6438 College Street Warrenton, VA 20187 (540) 347-6812 [email protected]

Dean Starook Environmental Engineer Senior Department of Environmental Quality Waste Permitting 629 East Main Street Richmond, VA 23219 (804) 698-4254 [email protected] Jim Loveland, P.E. Regional Engineer Waste Management of Virginia 12885 George Washington Memorial Highway Glenns, VA 23149 (804) 693-5109x25 [email protected]

Bob Hausenfluck Director of Purchasing Department of Taxation P.O. Box 1880 Richmond, VA 23218 (804) 786-4172 [email protected] Lou Ragozzino, P.E. The Louis Berger Group, Inc. 295 Promenade Street Providence, RI 02908 (401) 521-5980x20 [email protected] Steve Herzog, P.E. Utility Engineer Hanover County, Public Utilities Hanover Courthouse P.O. Box 470 Hanover, VA 23069 (804) 537-6021 [email protected] Don Hintz Environmental Compliance Dominion Resources 5000 Dominion Blvd. Glen Allen, VA 23060 (804) 273-3552 [email protected] Andy Kolb ProLogis Development Services Inc. One Capital Drive, Suite 103 Cranbury, NJ 08512 (609) 409-2122 [email protected]