landfill facility compliance study, task 7 report: study · web viewevaluation of benefits and...

Landfill Facility Compliance Study, Task 7 Report: Study of Emerging Technologies in Waste Management for MSW Landfills

Contractors Report to the Board

Landfill Facility Compliance Study Task 7 ReportStudy of Emerging Technologies in Waste Management for MSW Landfills

December 2003

Produced under contract by:

GeoSyntec Consultants, Inc.

Walnut Creek, California

State of California

Gray DavisGovernor

Winston H. HickoxSecretary, California Environmental Protection Agency

(

Integrated Waste Management Board

(

Mark LearyExecutive Director

For additional copies of this publication, contact:

Integrated Waste Management BoardPublic Affairs Office, Publications Clearinghouse (MS6)1001 I StreetP.O. Box 4025Sacramento, CA 95812-4025www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/1-800-CA-WASTE (California only) or (916) 341-6306

Publication #520-03-008Printed on recycled paper containing a minimum of 30 percent postconsumer fiber.

Copyright 2003 by the California Integrated Waste Management Board. All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission.

Prepared as part of contract no. IWM-C9047 (total contract amount: $654,063, includes other services).

The California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) does not discriminate on the basis of disability in access to its programs. CIWMB publications are available in accessible formats upon request by calling the Public Affairs Office at (916) 341-6300. Persons with hearing impairments can reach the CIWMB through the California Relay Service, 1-800-735-2929.

The energy challenge facing California is real.Every Californian needs to take immediate action to reduce energy consumption. For a list of simple ways you can reduce demand and cut your energy costs, Flex Your Power and visit www.consumerenergycenter.org/flex/index.html

Table of Contents

viiiAcknowledgments

11Executive Summary

32Introduction

32.1Emerging Technologies Discussed in This Report

52.2Organization of This Report

62.3Application of Technologies in California

62.4Glossary

93Pre-Disposal Waste Treatment Technologies

93.1Mechanical Pre-Processing

93.1.1General Description

93.1.2Detailed Description and Process Options

93.1.2.1Separation

103.1.2.2Size Reduction

103.1.2.3Washing

113.1.2.4Baling

113.1.3Global Application of Technology and Case Histories

133.1.4Research Studies

133.1.5Technologies in Combination

153.1.6 Application in California

163.1.7Evaluation of Benefits and Barriers

163.1.7.1Separation

173.1.7.2Size Reduction

173.1.7.3Washing

183.1.7.4Baling

193.2Biological Pre-Treatment



193.2.2.1Anaerobic Pre-Treatment

203.2.2.2Aerobic Pre-Treatment


213.2.3.1Anaerobic Pre-Treatment




253.2.6Application in California


263.2.7.1Anaerobic Pre-treatment


273.3Thermal Pre-Treatment



273.3.2.1Incineration

303.3.2.2Pyrolysis



313.3.3.2Pyrolysis



333.3.4.2Pyrolysis





353.3.7.2Pyrolysis

374Landfill Design Technologies

374.1Anaerobic Bioreactor



384.1.2.1Liquid Injection System

394.1.2.2Gas Extraction System

404.1.2.3Emissions Monitoring System

414.1.2.4Other Engineering Considerations






494.2Aerobic/Semi-Aerobic Landfill







534.3Alternative Base Containment Systems

534.3.1General Descriptions

534.3.1.1Double Liner Systems

544.3.1.2Electrically-Conductive Liners

544.3.1.3White Liners

554.3.1.4Tensioned or Shaded Liners

554.3.1.5Encapsulated Geosynthetic Clay Liners

554.3.1.6Inward Gradient Landfills

554.3.2Global Application and Case History

















554.4Alternative Cover Systems

554.4.1Monolithic Evapotranspirative Soil Cover System

554.4.1.1General Description

554.4.1.2Detailed Description and Process Options

554.4.1.3Global Application of Technology and Case Histories

554.4.1.4Research Studies

554.4.1.5Technologies in Combination

554.4.1.6Application in California

554.4.1.7Evaluation of Benefits and Barriers

554.4.2Capillary Break Cover System








554.4.3Phytoremediation Cover System








554.4.4Exposed Geomembrane Cover System








554.4.5Delayed Closure







555Remediation Technologies

555.1Landfill Gas Applications

555.1.1LFG Destruction


555.1.1.2 Global Application of Technology and Case Histories





555.1.2LFG Conversion to Electricity







555.1.3LFG Use as Medium Btu Fuel







555.1.4LFG Conversion to High Btu Fuel







555.1.5LFG Use in Leachate Evaporation







555.1.6LFG Conversion to Industrial Products







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