landscape redux

2
1825 pre-1770 1770-1847 HISTORY OF BALLONA CREEK WATERSHED HISTORY OF SMO WATER + ECONOMICS Ballona Creek Watershed The Los Angeles River floods and cuts a new channel directly south to San Pedro. The new landscape is beer drained and drier. Historic habitats of Ballona Creek Waterdshed 1930-present 1929 1940 1965 present SANTA MONICA 2000 - 84,084 2010 - 89, 736 8.57 sq. miles SMO MAR VISTA 2000 - 35,492 2008 - 37,447 2.9 sq. miles SAWTELLE 2000 - 35,844 2008 - 38,698 2.69 sq. miles VENICE 2000 - 37,705 2008 - 40,885 3.17 sq. miles (Boom Leſt) 1924 - Douglas Aircraſt and Clover Field gain fame when Douglas World Cruiser biplanes are the first aircraſt to circumnavigate the globe. 1929 - The land directly east of the air field is used for crop farming. (Top Leſt) Pioneer women aviators parcipate in the first Powder Puff Derby, taking off from Santa Monica and flying to Cleveland, Ohio, where the race ends one week later. Amelia Earhart, Pancho Barnes, and 18 other parcipants bring internaonal aenon to women aviators and to Santa Monica. 1941 - 1944 - During World War II, Douglas Aircraſt be- comes a major defense contractor, employing up to 44,000 workers who work three shiſts, seven days a week. This economic engine transforms the City as thousands of new homes are built for the Douglas workers. 50% WMD Imported 50-70% groundwater + recycled The first civilian jets arrive at the Airport as the decade begins. They are “pure jets”, about 10 mes louder (and more pollung) than present-day fan jets. The noise impacts upon neighborhoods adjacent to the Airport are very significant. 1959 - Douglas developed the DC-8 to compete with Boeing’s 707. 2000 - 2002 - The economy booms, the FAA approves fraconal (shared) ownership of jets, and the Airport fleet connues to evolve with total jet operaons in- creasing to about 30 to 40 per day. The Douglas DC-3. first produced in 1936 as a passenger plane for American Airlines, was the work- horse civilian airliner. The DC-3 popularized air travel. By 1939, more than 90 % of the naon’s airline passengers were flying on DC-2s and DC-3s. The Douglas DC-6B was one of the last propeller-driven aircraſt produced by Douglas Aircraſt Company beginning in 1951. Mid-1990’s - With the booming economy, new development on the Westside, and the advent of fraconal ownership of aircraſt, jet operaons increase from about 5 to 6 per day to around 15 per day. Larger, faster jets in Categories C and D constute an increasing per- centage of jet operaons. 1997 - Construcon of the Airport Park begins. 2007 - The 7 1/2 acre Airport Park is dedicated. It includes soccer fields, a dog park, and new landscaping and hardscape around the park. Santa Monica Basin and Subbasins Forecast of Total Regional Economic Losses from Water Supply Disrupons to the Los Angeles County Economy # of wells | LOCATION 2 Arcadia Subbasin 3 Olympic Subbasin 5 Charnock Subbasin IMPORTED WATER SOURCES Colorado River Aqueduct and State Water Project Santa Monica Water Demand Santa Monica Water Sources LA City Water Demand LA County Water Demand LA County Water Sources LA City Water Sources Commercial/Instuonal 28% Single family residenal 24 % mul-family residenal 48% 45% WMD Imported 43% ground + surface + recycled 12 % LA aqueduct 54% WMD Imported 34% LA Aqueduct 13% ground +recycled mul-family residenal 18% Single family residenal 43% Commercial, Industrial, Instuonal 24% Non-metered uses 7%, Retail replenish- ment 6%, Seawater Barrier 2% mul-family residenal 38% Commercial, Industrial, Instuonal 29% Non-metered uses 8% Upland Ballona Creek Tidal Channel Salt Marsh Salt Pan Exisng Condion mul-family residenal 25% Habitat Classification Unique Wetlands Acres Alkali Flat 5 1284 Alkali Meadow 21 5273 Beach 2 159 Dune 8 187 Open Water 8 96 Perennial Freshwater pond 8 110 Salt flat/Tidal flat 15 423 Salt marsh/ Tidal marsh 20 1240 Valley freshwater marsh 35 1356 Vernal pool 15 260 Wet meadow 24 3336 Willow thicket 13 425 Totals 174 14149 1850-1890 EXISTING HABITATS 1850-1930 Development of the Ballona Creek Watershed 1. Extraction 3. Hybridize 2. Gradient - Framework 2. Gradient - Figure 3. Hybridize 1. Extraction 3. Hybridize SITE DEVELOPMENT HISTORY + = HYDROLOGY ECONOMY aviaon water management green corridor self- sustainment natural habitat producon LANDSCAPE REDUX reimagining Santa Monica Airport 1902 - Ballona Wetlands and Ballona Lake GRASSLAND recreational field observation hills 9-hole par 3 golf course DUNES DETENTION BASINS RUNWAY museum expansion clubhouse tunnel entrance water treatment facility + educational center 1:200 Entrance to Clover Park tunnel to Penmar Golf Club Water treatment facility golf clubhouse pedestrian bridge existing art gallery Museum of Flying Expansion / En- trance from Airport Park Observation hills

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Reimagining Santa Monica Municipal Airport as a neighborhood park

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Page 1: Landscape Redux

1825

pre-1770 1770-1847

HISTORY OF BALLONA CREEK

WATERSHED

HISTORY OF SMO

WATER +

ECONOMICS

Ballona Creek Watershed

The Los Angeles River floods and cuts a new channel directly south to San Pedro. The new landscape is better drained and drier.

Historic habitats of Ballona Creek Waterdshed

1930-present

1929 1940 1965 present

SANTA MONICA2000 - 84,084 2010 - 89, 7368.57 sq. miles SMO

MAR VISTA2000 - 35,4922008 - 37,4472.9 sq. miles

SAWTELLE2000 - 35,8442008 - 38,698 2.69 sq. miles

VENICE2000 - 37,705 2008 - 40,8853.17 sq. miles

(Bottom Left) 1924 - Douglas Aircraft and Clover Field gain fame when Douglas World Cruiser biplanes are the first aircraft to circumnavigate the globe.

1929 - The land directly east of the air field is used for crop farming.

(Top Left) Pioneer women aviators participate in the first Powder Puff Derby, taking off from Santa Monica and flying to Cleveland, Ohio, where the race ends one week later. Amelia Earhart, Pancho Barnes, and 18 other participants bring international attention to women aviators and to Santa Monica.

1941 - 1944 - During World War II, Douglas Aircraft be-comes a major defense contractor, employing up to 44,000 workers who work three shifts, seven days a week. This

economic engine transforms the City as thousands of new homes are built for the Douglas workers.

50% WMD Imported

50-70% groundwater + recycled

The first civilian jets arrive at the Airport as the decade

begins. They are “pure jets”, about 10 times louder (and more polluting) than present-day fan jets. The noise impacts upon neighborhoods adjacent to the Airport are very significant.

1959 - Douglas developed the DC-8 to compete with Boeing’s 707.

2000 - 2002 - The economy booms, the FAA approves fractional (shared) ownership of jets, and the Airport fleet continues to evolve with total jet operations in-creasing to about 30 to 40 per day.

The Douglas DC-3. first produced in 1936 as a passenger plane for American Airlines, was the work-horse civilian airliner. The DC-3 popularized air travel. By 1939, more than 90 % of the nation’s airline passengers were flying on DC-2s and DC-3s.

The Douglas DC-6B was one of the last propeller-driven aircraft produced by Douglas Aircraft Company beginning in 1951.

Mid-1990’s - With the booming economy, new development on the Westside, and the advent of fractional ownership of

aircraft, jet operations increase from about 5 to 6 per day to around 15 per day. Larger, faster jets in Categories C and D constitute an increasing per-centage of jet operations.

1997 - Construction of the Airport Park begins.

2007 - The 7 1/2 acre Airport Park is dedicated. It includes soccer fields, a dog park, and new landscaping and hardscape around the park.

Santa Monica Basin and Subbasins

Forecast of Total Regional Economic Losses from Water Supply Disruptions to the Los Angeles County Economy

# of wells | LOCATION 2 Arcadia Subbasin 3 Olympic Subbasin 5 Charnock Subbasin

IMPORTED WATER SOURCESColorado River Aqueduct and State Water Project

Santa Monica Water Demand Santa Monica Water Sources

LA City Water Demand

LA County Water DemandLA County Water Sources

LA City Water Sources

Commercial/Institutional 28%

Single family residential 24 %

multi-family residential 48%

45% WMD Imported

43% ground + surface + recycled

12 % LA aqueduct

54% WMD Imported

34% LA Aqueduct

13% ground +recycled

multi-family residential 18%

Single family residential 43%

Commercial, Industrial, Institutional 24%

Non-metered uses 7%, Retail replenish-ment 6%, Seawater Barrier 2%

multi-family residential 38%

Commercial, Industrial, Institutional 29%

Non-metered uses 8%

Upland

Ballona CreekTidal Channel

Salt Marsh

Salt Pan

Existing Condition

multi-family residential 25%

Habitat  Classification   Unique  Wetlands   Acres  Alkali  Flat   5   1284  Alkali  Meadow   21   5273  Beach   2   159  Dune   8   187  Open  Water   8   96  Perennial  Freshwater  pond   8   110  Salt  flat/Tidal  flat   15   423  Salt  marsh/  Tidal  marsh   20   1240  Valley  freshwater  marsh   35   1356  Vernal  pool   15   260  Wet  meadow   24   3336  Willow  thicket   13   425  Totals   174   14149    

1850-1890EXISTING HABITATS

1850-1930

Development of the Ballona Creek Watershed

1. Extraction 3. Hybridize

2. Gradient - Framework

2. Gradient - Figure

3. Hybridize

1. Extraction 3. Hybridize

SITE DEVELOPMENT

H I S T O R Y

+ =

HYDROLOGY ECONOMY

aviation

water management

green corridor

self-sustainment

naturalhabitat

production

LANDSCAPE REDUX

reimagining Santa Monica Airport

1902 - Ballona Wetlands and Ballona Lake

GRASSLAND

recreational field

observation hills

9-hole par 3 golf course

DUNES

DETENTION BASINS

RUNWAY

museum expansion

clubhouse

tunnel entrance

water treatment facility +educational center

1:200

Entrance to Clover Park

tunnel to Penmar Golf Club

Water treatment facility

golf clubhouse

pedestrian bridge

existing art galleryMuseum of Flying Expansion / En-trance from Airport Park

Observation hills

Page 2: Landscape Redux

Salt Marsh

Salt Pan

HISTORY. WATER. ECONOMICS.

HISTORY. WATER. ECONOMICS.

HISTORY. WATER. ECONOMICS.

reimagining Santa Monica Airport

Entrance into the Museum of Flying

Detention basins collect stormwater and dry weather runoff and direct it to the Penmar Water Quality Improvement Project.

1:50

1:50

1:50

L.A. Sewer Lines – Water treatment plant will con-nect to the Coastal IInterceptor Sewer (CIS) and West Los Angeles Interceptor Sewer (WLAIS).

City of Santa Monica Sewer Lines – Water treat-ment plant will connect to 443 Palisades Beach Road Interceptor (processes 3 million GPD) and 3110 Main St. Interceptor (11 million GPD).

Eastward view:Foreground – 6th green and 3rd tee boxBackground – Century City skyline

Westward view

Circulation connecting three parks

A new typology of golf course

Bridge leading to the Water Treatment Facility

Entrance to Clover Park

tunnel to Penmar Golf Club

Water treatment facility

golf clubhouse

pedestrian bridge

existing art galleryMuseum of Flying Expansion / En-trance from Airport Park

Observation hills

Ceanothus ‘Concha’

Arbutus Unedo

Fremontodendron californicum

Cercis Occidentalis

Achillea filipendulina

Epilobium canum Bouteloua dactyloides

Encelia californica

Baccharis salicifolia

Quercus agrifoliaPlatanus racemosa