landscape redux
DESCRIPTION
Reimagining Santa Monica Municipal Airport as a neighborhood parkTRANSCRIPT
1825
pre-1770 1770-1847
HISTORY OF BALLONA CREEK
WATERSHED
HISTORY OF SMO
WATER +
ECONOMICS
Ballona Creek Watershed
The Los Angeles River floods and cuts a new channel directly south to San Pedro. The new landscape is better drained and drier.
Historic habitats of Ballona Creek Waterdshed
1930-present
1929 1940 1965 present
SANTA MONICA2000 - 84,084 2010 - 89, 7368.57 sq. miles SMO
MAR VISTA2000 - 35,4922008 - 37,4472.9 sq. miles
SAWTELLE2000 - 35,8442008 - 38,698 2.69 sq. miles
VENICE2000 - 37,705 2008 - 40,8853.17 sq. miles
(Bottom Left) 1924 - Douglas Aircraft and Clover Field gain fame when Douglas World Cruiser biplanes are the first aircraft to circumnavigate the globe.
1929 - The land directly east of the air field is used for crop farming.
(Top Left) Pioneer women aviators participate in the first Powder Puff Derby, taking off from Santa Monica and flying to Cleveland, Ohio, where the race ends one week later. Amelia Earhart, Pancho Barnes, and 18 other participants bring international attention to women aviators and to Santa Monica.
1941 - 1944 - During World War II, Douglas Aircraft be-comes a major defense contractor, employing up to 44,000 workers who work three shifts, seven days a week. This
economic engine transforms the City as thousands of new homes are built for the Douglas workers.
50% WMD Imported
50-70% groundwater + recycled
The first civilian jets arrive at the Airport as the decade
begins. They are “pure jets”, about 10 times louder (and more polluting) than present-day fan jets. The noise impacts upon neighborhoods adjacent to the Airport are very significant.
1959 - Douglas developed the DC-8 to compete with Boeing’s 707.
2000 - 2002 - The economy booms, the FAA approves fractional (shared) ownership of jets, and the Airport fleet continues to evolve with total jet operations in-creasing to about 30 to 40 per day.
The Douglas DC-3. first produced in 1936 as a passenger plane for American Airlines, was the work-horse civilian airliner. The DC-3 popularized air travel. By 1939, more than 90 % of the nation’s airline passengers were flying on DC-2s and DC-3s.
The Douglas DC-6B was one of the last propeller-driven aircraft produced by Douglas Aircraft Company beginning in 1951.
Mid-1990’s - With the booming economy, new development on the Westside, and the advent of fractional ownership of
aircraft, jet operations increase from about 5 to 6 per day to around 15 per day. Larger, faster jets in Categories C and D constitute an increasing per-centage of jet operations.
1997 - Construction of the Airport Park begins.
2007 - The 7 1/2 acre Airport Park is dedicated. It includes soccer fields, a dog park, and new landscaping and hardscape around the park.
Santa Monica Basin and Subbasins
Forecast of Total Regional Economic Losses from Water Supply Disruptions to the Los Angeles County Economy
# of wells | LOCATION 2 Arcadia Subbasin 3 Olympic Subbasin 5 Charnock Subbasin
IMPORTED WATER SOURCESColorado River Aqueduct and State Water Project
Santa Monica Water Demand Santa Monica Water Sources
LA City Water Demand
LA County Water DemandLA County Water Sources
LA City Water Sources
Commercial/Institutional 28%
Single family residential 24 %
multi-family residential 48%
45% WMD Imported
43% ground + surface + recycled
12 % LA aqueduct
54% WMD Imported
34% LA Aqueduct
13% ground +recycled
multi-family residential 18%
Single family residential 43%
Commercial, Industrial, Institutional 24%
Non-metered uses 7%, Retail replenish-ment 6%, Seawater Barrier 2%
multi-family residential 38%
Commercial, Industrial, Institutional 29%
Non-metered uses 8%
Upland
Ballona CreekTidal Channel
Salt Marsh
Salt Pan
Existing Condition
multi-family residential 25%
Habitat Classification Unique Wetlands Acres Alkali Flat 5 1284 Alkali Meadow 21 5273 Beach 2 159 Dune 8 187 Open Water 8 96 Perennial Freshwater pond 8 110 Salt flat/Tidal flat 15 423 Salt marsh/ Tidal marsh 20 1240 Valley freshwater marsh 35 1356 Vernal pool 15 260 Wet meadow 24 3336 Willow thicket 13 425 Totals 174 14149
1850-1890EXISTING HABITATS
1850-1930
Development of the Ballona Creek Watershed
1. Extraction 3. Hybridize
2. Gradient - Framework
2. Gradient - Figure
3. Hybridize
1. Extraction 3. Hybridize
SITE DEVELOPMENT
H I S T O R Y
+ =
HYDROLOGY ECONOMY
aviation
water management
green corridor
self-sustainment
naturalhabitat
production
LANDSCAPE REDUX
reimagining Santa Monica Airport
1902 - Ballona Wetlands and Ballona Lake
GRASSLAND
recreational field
observation hills
9-hole par 3 golf course
DUNES
DETENTION BASINS
RUNWAY
museum expansion
clubhouse
tunnel entrance
water treatment facility +educational center
1:200
Entrance to Clover Park
tunnel to Penmar Golf Club
Water treatment facility
golf clubhouse
pedestrian bridge
existing art galleryMuseum of Flying Expansion / En-trance from Airport Park
Observation hills
Salt Marsh
Salt Pan
HISTORY. WATER. ECONOMICS.
HISTORY. WATER. ECONOMICS.
HISTORY. WATER. ECONOMICS.
reimagining Santa Monica Airport
Entrance into the Museum of Flying
Detention basins collect stormwater and dry weather runoff and direct it to the Penmar Water Quality Improvement Project.
1:50
1:50
1:50
L.A. Sewer Lines – Water treatment plant will con-nect to the Coastal IInterceptor Sewer (CIS) and West Los Angeles Interceptor Sewer (WLAIS).
City of Santa Monica Sewer Lines – Water treat-ment plant will connect to 443 Palisades Beach Road Interceptor (processes 3 million GPD) and 3110 Main St. Interceptor (11 million GPD).
Eastward view:Foreground – 6th green and 3rd tee boxBackground – Century City skyline
Westward view
Circulation connecting three parks
A new typology of golf course
Bridge leading to the Water Treatment Facility
Entrance to Clover Park
tunnel to Penmar Golf Club
Water treatment facility
golf clubhouse
pedestrian bridge
existing art galleryMuseum of Flying Expansion / En-trance from Airport Park
Observation hills
Ceanothus ‘Concha’
Arbutus Unedo
Fremontodendron californicum
Cercis Occidentalis
Achillea filipendulina
Epilobium canum Bouteloua dactyloides
Encelia californica
Baccharis salicifolia
Quercus agrifoliaPlatanus racemosa