landscape+urbanism_ ecological urbanism - introduction part 1

7/29/2019 Landscape+Urbanism_ Ecological Urbanism - Introduction Part 1

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SUNDAY, MAY 23 , 2010

Ecological Urbanism - Introduction Part 1

'Ecological Urbanism' (640 pages, Lars M ller Publishers; 1 edition (May 1, 2010) edited by Mohsen Mostafavi with Gareth Doherty) literally arrived with a thudlast week, the 650 page br ick like tome touching down on the front step of the house with much anticipation. Tempted as I was, a number of dead lines made me

hold back a f ew days before cr acking it open.

A bit ofbackground... The previous 2009 conference at the GSD kicked off t he overall dialogue in Apr il of last year - I was really bummed not to be able to

attend, but happy that they have access to pr oceedings of which are captured here in a number of informative podcasts a few months later which r eally

captured the essence of the conference in the actual words. The book was eagerly awaited, and rumors of it's massive size and br eadth were floating around

prior to it's actual release. A pr eliminary snapshot fr om the back cover:

"While climate change, sustainable architecture, and green technologies have become increasingly topics, issuessurrounding the sustainabili ty of the city are much less developed. The premise of this book is that an ecological

approach is urgently needed as an imaginative and practical method for addressing existing as well as new cities.

Ecological urbanism considers the city with multiple instruments and with a worldview that is fluid in scale and

disciplinary focus. Design provides the synthetic key to connect ecology with an urbanism that is not in contradiction

with its environment. ... with the goal of providing a m ultilayered, diverse, and nuanced understanding of ecological

urbanism and what it might be in the future. The promise is nothing short of a new ethics and aesthetics of the urban."

While book jackets are supposed to stri ve for hyper bole, 'a new ethics and aesthetics of the urban' is quite a goal, even for a book of this size. The book didn't

however d isappoint with a list of contributors too numerous to list in total - b ut spanning a range of discip lines fr om landscape ar chitecture, architecture, urb an

design, p lanning, engineeri ng, ecology, science, economics and social science to name a few. The marked mix of academic and non-academic voi ces was also

evident and welcome - as this wasn't just another heady tr eatise from the ivory tower but a combination of app lication spanning theory and pr actice.

So in this intr oductory p ost on the book I wanted to focus on the early chapter by Mohsen Mostafavi to d elve into the specifics that d efine Ecological Urb anism. I

plan on tackling some of the other por tions of the book in subsequent post s, but wanted to use this as a general review of the content and intr oductor y material.

Look forwar d to subsequent posts loosely based on the sections of the book: Anticipate, Collaborate, Sense, Curate, P roduce, Interact, Mobilize, M easure,

Adapt, and Incubate... stay tuned.

Why Ecological Urbanism? Why Now?Mohsen Mostafavi

This introductory chapter addr esses the question at hand that most people think of in r elation to this or any other method of urbanism. What is it, and why is it

the answer. M ostafavi adds t he term 'why now?' which maybe is an indication of the evolutionary chain of the urban (picking up on threads of landscape urbanism

and ecological design in a more meaningful and applied way per haps?)

One aspect of the argument is the somewhat dubious claim that sustainable architectur e lacks sophisticat ion and requi res a lifestyle change to accompany poor

design. This may have been true in the fledgling sustainabi lity of the 1970s and 80s, but the last 15 years, with apologies to Mr. Gehry's latest rant, has made

significant contribution to better move design aware fr om pure art t o a more balanced appr oach. That said, LEED and sustainability for all of it's good - has

pr obably been detrimental to design as a pure form, b ut again - we're not creating disassociated works of ar t, but places for people that must exist within our

ecological reality.

The second p oint, and the more important, i s the question of scale. The scope of impacts of singular buildings limits the impact and a r ealization of urb anism and

nfrastr ucture becomes more vital links to tr ue sustainability. As M ostafavi points out, "...there is a need to find alternative design approaches that will enable

us to consider the large scale differently than we have done in the past." (p.13) Apart from a building, urbanism requires work within different and complex

economic, political, social, and cultural frameworks. Ad ditionally, tr ue integration of ecological systems requir es a necessary adj ustment of scale (beyond the

site) and str ategies (interdisciplinary) to accommodate the larger contextual framework in which they operate.

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Explorations in landscape architectureand urbanism, with a focus on aligning

theory with practice.

Jason King is a landscape architect andPrincipal ofTERRA.fluxus in Portland,Oregon, and currently is in the doctoralprogram at Portland State University inUrban Studies.

contact: emailtwitter: @ja5onkingdelicious: bookmarks

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::Extreme Weather Events: Plaquemines Paris h, Louisiana, 2005 - image via The Canar y Project

The integration of ecology requir es one to define what they mean - in order to understand it's connection to the urban. Mostafavi points of the inherent

differ ence between city and ecology - but also misses a key element in modern ecology by refer ring to as corr ectly, "...an emphasis on the interrelationship of

organisms and the environment..."but using an antiquated notion of the concept by mentioning that this includes, "... an emphasis that invariably excludes

human intervention." (p.17)

It is unlikely that any ecological science is still rooted in the pur ely non-human, as ecology seems to have embraced the need to look contextually at the impacts

fr om humans as one of the organism within these complex relationship s. While we may isolate interac tions to more pur e forms of b iological focus, any applied

ecology - in order to be considered relevant - has included humans as actor s in the study for many years, such as called on by Paul Sears - and not just those

subsets such as Human Ecology but discip line-wide to study and p rovide infor mation to deal with human impacts on the ecosystems. In this case, perhaps ecology

s even more of an appropr iate vehicle, as it's changing ideology to include the human, and work within the environments humans occupy, make ecological

urbanism much more viable of a strategy.

::Alberta Oil San ds - image via Encyclopedia of Ear th

This distinction of what we mean by ecology is impor tant - par ticularly when used as a the foundation for a concept. Like other ' urbanisms' that get app ended

with a modifier, the definition of the modifier in this context impor tant, as a word like ecology is fraught with misconceptions that could minimize the impact

(like sustainable urbanism, or landscape ur banism for instance). You either make the concept impossible to d efine, or able to define anything.

The key to Mostafavi's definition is the idea of action and opp ortunity which I think is the root of the concept, as he mentions ".. .we need to view the fragility of

the planet and its resources as an opportunity for speculative design innovations rather than a form of technical legitimation for promoting conventional

solutions... Imagining an urbanism that is other than the status quo requires a new sensibility - one that has the capacity to incorporate and accommodate

the inherent conflictual conditions between ecology and urbanism. This is the territory of ecological urbanism." (p.17)

:: Wheatfield - A Confrontation (Agnes Denes ) - image via greg.org

Building on this idea of human ecology, the conversation dr ifts to 'ecosophy' including environment, social relations, and human subjectivit y, with an "...emphasis

on the role that humans play in relation to ecological practices." (p.22) No where is this more important to realize than in the design professions, making

human signif icance, both the indiv idual and the collective, a necessary component that should be at the heart of all design. M ostafav i concludes:

"Such a radical approach, if applied to the urban domain, would result in a form of ecological design practice that does not simply take

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account of the fr agility of the ecosystem and the limits on r esources but considers such conditions the essential basis for a new form of

creative imagining." (p.22,26)

Rather than fr ame this concept as all new (thankfully) it does acknowledge a combination app roach of old and new practices wor king in tandem, "...providing a

set of sensibilities and practices that can enhance our approaches to urban development..." working towards "...a cross-disc iplinary and collaborative

approach toward urbanism developed through the lens of ecology."(p.26)

This br ings to bear the idea of r etrofitting, d isplayed by the Promenade Plantee in Paris, which was one of the major pr ecedents to the modern incarnation of

the High Line. Rather than demolish and r eplace, the r etention of this is b oth ecological and strategic... "Given the undulating topogr aphy of the city, the

pr omenade afford s an ever-changing sectional relationship to its surr oundings. As a result, the park pr oduces a different experiences of the city compared, for

example, to t hat of a Parisian b oulevard." (p.26,28) A s an adj unct, the High Line could b e even more ecological, taking the same approach b ut adding d imensions

of more appr opriate, non-ornamental vegetation that p ulls from the opportunistic vegetation that colonized the d erelict elevated line prior to r edevelopment.

:: Promenade Plantee - image via AmericinParis

The work of r ehabilitation in sides can span fr om building scale (such as the Caixa Forum Madrid seen below) to the more expansive post-industr ial development

of sites such as the fabulous Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park by Peter Latz. Mostafavi mentions "...the site acts as mnemonic device for the making of the new.

The result is a type of relational approach between the terrain, the built, and the viewer's participatory experiences." (p. 28) W hich sounds to me, a bit like

an human ecological urb an appr oach.

:: Caixa Forum Madrid- image via David Grajal

The methods of taking on these sites dr aw fr om a number of examples with have been predominately featured in landscape urbanism literature, such as

competitions for Downsview Par k and the OMA submittal for the Parc d e la Villette competition (won by Tshcumi) - both of which feature the idea of

'pr ogrammed surfaces' as opposed to d eterministic design. The Downsview submittals, along with the much more pr ominent Fresh Kills Park competition entries -

venture mor e towards the ecological, but the OM A submission for la Villette pr oposal was one of the best examples of interdiscip linary alignment of architecture,

landscape ar chitecture and urbanism that led to a r e-emergence of landscape and ecology in the conceptual framework of designers.

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:: OMA - Parc de la Villette - image via a spatial choreography of motion

The blurring of interdiscplinary lines, at least for some of us i n landscape architecture & urbanism is long-overdue, and I d on't think it will mean the breakdown

of discip line-specific knowledge, but rather a better outcome for these pr ojects. M ostafavi mentions this, but concludes the necessity versus worki ng in isolation:

"While a collaborative mode of working among various areas of design expertise is mandatory in thinking about the contemporary and future city, thetransdisciplinary approach of ecological urbanism gives designers a potentially more fertile means of addressing the challenges facing the urban

environment." (p. 29) I'd take this a step f urther to include a much broader interdisciplinary gr ouping that includes not just traditional design and planning

pr ofessionals, but r epresentatives from ecological, cultural, and social sciences as core members of any team.

Shifting to scale, the idea of ecology, much like what has been posited in landscape urbanism, is that it is a much more appr opriate mode of inquiry to multi-

scalar investigations as opposed t o singular building architecture. Urb anism in it many for ms seems to embrace this, and ecology, along with a r ange of human-

centered studies, gives us the ability to understand and "...ultimately provide the most synthetic and valuable material for alternative multi-scalar design

strategies." (p.30)

Mostafavi mentions the work of Andr ea Branzi (Archizoom) and d ifferent modes of looking at urbanism, p articularly one that is less based on planning

determinism but on "...the fluidity of the city, its capacity to be diffuse and enzymatic in character." (p.30) This symbiotic urbanism looks at art,

agriculture, and network culture, with a focus on "...its capacity to be reversible, evolving, and provisory." (p.30) which feeds into the idea of ecological

ndeterminacy in many concrete ways.

:: No Stop City (Archizoom) - image via Design History Lab

The strategic implementation of ecological urbanism is the action-oriented mode of pr actice - r eferenced i n the text similarly to urb an acupuncture, where:

"...the interventions in and transformations of an area often have a significant impact beyond the percieved physical limits." While ecology is one frame

work, there ar e myriad cultural and political systems that must be incorp orated - and if not p urely ecological in nature - can be organized and communicated in

design through the use of ecological methods. "One of the major challenges of ecological urbanism is therefore to define the conditions of governance under

which it could operate that would result in a more cohesive regional planning model. " (p.30)

By taking on the specifics of urbanism (r eal, ugly, dirt y urbanism) - r equires a diff erent idea of design. Affor dable housing, use of vacant lots, code-r ewriting,

traffi c, tr ash, obesity, funding, and all other issues that tend to b e dismissed in Utopian ideals (or even our modern city p lanning proposals). We give this to

municipal maintenance and oper ations to be dealt with, rather than thinking of these flows as systems to be accommodated dur ing design and planning. Ecological

urb anism ensures that the flows in and out of materials ar e addr essed - and planned for i n meaningful ways, building on the somewhat shallow sustainability

policies that have emerged in many cities worldwide.
http://designhistorylab.com/?p=1022http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Ymx9e66vrGc/S_lQkLnqTPI/AAAAAAAAMZU/cFt-67DojNY/s1600/nostopcity.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archizoomhttp://dpinmotion.blogspot.com/2009/02/blog-post_08.htmlhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Ymx9e66vrGc/S_lp_uR3IcI/AAAAAAAAMaE/atL_PR21c_M/s1600/site+plan.jpg


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Newer Post Older Post

:: Naples Garbage Strike - image via Fire Earth

It is vital that we have examples of this worki ng, such as those discussed in Banham's Los Angeles: The Ar chitecture of Four Ecologies, which takes on the city not

n relation to what we should cr eate, but rather celebrates the opp ortunistic methods (good and bad ) that led to the creation of the metropolis. This includes

understanding and expressing the flows in our cities as op portunities for cultural expression. As Mostafavi mentions the ideas of water features historic role in

connecting city to water, but "... on the whole we underutilize the unexpected opportunities afforded by ecological practice as well as the location." (p.36)

I'd posit that a var iety of ecological designers have been doing just this for years, b ut as singular sites or installations, and r arely as large scale public works

(although Dreiseitl, Wenk, and others may be pr ecedents we can explore).

:: Growing Vine Street (Buster Simpson) - image via Happy Hotelier

This introductory review is continued in Part 2.

POSTED BY JASON KING AT 10:48 AM

LABELS: BOOKS, CONFERENCES, ECOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, LANDSCAPE URBANISM, RESOURCES, URBANISM

3 C O M M E N T S :

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F9 said...

I have been to the Caixa Forum in M adrid...it's amazing...

M AY 23, 2010 AT 8:18 PM

Anonymous said...

Just a small point, but Mostafavi's first name is Mohsen, not Moshen.

M AY 29, 2010 AT 3:13 PM

Jason King said...

My bad... apologies to Mr. Mostafavi.

M AY 29, 2010 AT 3:17 PM
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