language facilitation in the inclusive prek classroom lori hartley, ma., ccc-slp, catawba county...
TRANSCRIPT
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Language Facilitation in the Inclusive
PreK Classroom
Lori Hartley, MA., CCC-SLP, Catawba County Schools
Trish Tanger, M.Ed., NC ELN, Regional Consultant
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Objectives• To understand the foundations of language
• To utilize observations to determine language level
• To learn effective language facilitation strategies
• To develop a plan to use language facilitation strategies in the classroom
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Language Experience
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Language Poor vs Language Rich Environments
• Expectations too high/low• Directive• Teacher talk dominates• Non-responsive• Narrow questions• Rarely extend the topic• Language interchanges
discouraged
• Developmentally appropriate expectations
• Children lead• Responsive• Wide range of questions• Extended conversations• Children are engaged
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Setting the Stage for Communication
“The basic need to communicate coupled with a rich and stimulating language environment seem to be the main factors that propel children’s early language learning.” (Dorothy S. Strickland)
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Communication Begins with Interaction
Interaction
Communication
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Why Children Communicate
• Requesting• Protesting• Greeting• Responding to others’
communications
• Ask for information• Think, plan and
problem solve• Share feelings, ideas
and interests
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More Than Words….
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Framework for Effective Language Facilitation
NC Foundations for Early Learning and Development – Language Development and Communication
ResearchBasedLanguageFacilitationStrategies
Ongoing Child Assessment
Specialized Language Facilitation Techniques
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North Carolina Foundations for Early Learning and Development
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Stages of Language Development
Infants0–12 mos.
YoungerToddlers8–21 mos.
OlderToddlers18-36 mos.
YoungerPreschoolers36-48 mos.
OlderPreschoolers48-60+ mos.
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Infants
• React to environment• Communicate through sounds, eye gaze,
reaching, pointing, facial expressions• Respond to tone of voice rather than words• Use eye gaze to establish joint attention• Understand simple gestures and familiar words• Anticipate steps in daily routines
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Younger Toddlers• Use one word/sign to communicate• Use gestures in response to words (i.e. up, bye)• Attempt to sing familiar songs• Associate sounds with objects• Imitate words/signs• Understand words for familiar objects• Understand simple directions when paired with
gesture
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Older Toddlers• Combine two to three words/signs to communicate• Understand words when object is not present• Understand emotion words such as happy, sad, and mad• Respond to simple yes/no questions (i.e. “Want juice?”)
and simple what questions• Understand simple directions including two-step related
directions (i.e. “Get your napkin and put it in the trash.”)
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Younger Preschoolers• Use two to five word phrases and sentences to
communicate• Engage in conversational turn taking• Respond to where and what…doing questions• Follow two-step directions• Understand descriptive concepts such as big/little,
hard/soft• Understand spatial concepts including in, on, out, off,
under and behind
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Younger Preschoolers (cont’d)
• Use present progressive –ing
• Use prepositions “in” and “on” to describe location of objects
• Ask questions with rising intonation
• Ask what and where questions
• Understands simple stories
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Older Preschoolers• Use long, complex sentences to communicate• Engage in extended conversations• Understand directions including two-step
unrelated commands (i.e. “Go get your jacket and sit down.”)
• Understand spatial concepts above/below• Understand time concepts such as night/day,
before/after
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Older Preschoolers• Understand words for basic shapes and
colors
• Use regular past tense verbs (i.e. “pulled”) and irregular past tense verbs (i.e. “broke”)
• Respond to who, why, how, how many, when and what happens if… questions
• Ask when and why questions
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Determining Stages of Development
Observation Checklist Considerations: •How does the child communicate•Why does the child communicate•What does the child understand•What is the child’s ability to engage in social interactions
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Observation Checklist
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North Carolina FoundationsLanguage Development and Communication
Goal 1: Children understand communication from others
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North Carolina FoundationsLanguage Development and CommunicationGoal 2: Children participate in conversations with peers and adults in one-on-one, small and larger group interactions
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North Carolina FoundationsLanguage Development and CommunicationGoal 3: Children ask and answer questions in order to seek help, get information, or clarify something that is not understood
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North Carolina FoundationsLanguage Development and Communication
Goal 4: Children speak audibly and express thoughts, feelings and ideas clearly
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North Carolina FoundationsLanguage Development and Communication
Goal 5: Children describe familiar people, places, things and events
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North Carolina FoundationsLanguage Development and Communication
Goal 6: Children use most grammatical constructions of their home language well
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North Carolina FoundationsLanguage Development and Communication
Goal 7: Children respond to and use a growing vocabulary
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Transdisciplinary Approach
“It Takes A Village”
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Language Facilitation Strategies
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Questions That Keep the Conversation Going
Activity:
1.Yes-or-no questions
2.Choice question
3.WH questions
4.Comments
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Open-Ended Questions
• Keep the conversation going
• Avoid one or two word responses
• Allow people to share ideas and thoughts
• Limit “right” or “wrong” answers
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Observe, Wait, Listen
• Observe: what the child is interested in
• Wait: stop talking, lean forward and look at the child expectantly
• Listen: pay close attention to child’s sounds and words
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Observe, Wait, Listen
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Follow the Child’s Lead
• Imitate• Interpret• Comment• Join in and play
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Follow the Child’s Lead
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Information Talk
• Describe what the child is doing or seeing
• Do not expect or demand a response
• Give plenty of wait time between descriptions
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Information Talk
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Indirect Correction
• Correct mispronounced words or incorrect grammar within the context of conversation
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Indirect Correction
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Expansions
• Repeat what the child just said and then add a little more to expand the phrase
• Child learns by listening
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Expansions
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SPARK an Interaction
• Start the same way• Plan the child’s turn• Adjust the routine so the
child can take a turn• Repeat the same actions,
sounds and words• Keep the end the same
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SPARK an Interaction
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Specialized Language Facilitation Techniques
NC Foundations for Early Learning and Development – Language Development and Communication
ResearchBasedLanguageFacilitationStrategies
Ongoing Child Assessment
Specialized Language Facilitation Techniques
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Intensive Repetition of Grammatical Rule
• Repeat sentences that illustrate rule within context of daily routine
• Over a short period of time
• Provide model, imitation by child is not required
• Choose 1-2 rules to address
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Modeling Scripts
• Teacher models language and actions appropriate for a given situation
• Give child basic idea of what to do
• Align expectations with peers
• Ensure child is familiar with related vocabulary
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Guided Practice of Storytelling
• Read book several times
• Tell children they will be retelling the story
• Guide discussion by asking questions
• Reenact the story with props
• Draw picture of the story
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Wrap Up
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References• Linder, T. W. (2008). Transdisciplinary Play-Based Assessment: A Functional
Approach to Working with Young Children, Second Edition. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
• Owocki, G. (1999). Literacy Through Play. Porstmouth, NH: Heinemann.
• Pepper, J. & Weitzman, E. (2004). It Takes Two to Talk: A practical guide for parents of children with language delays (2nd ed). Toronto: The Hanen Centre.
• Weitzman, E., Girolametto, L., & Greenberg, J. (2002). Learning Language and Loving It: A guide to promoting children’s social, language, and literacy development in early childhood settings (2nd ed). Toronto: The Hanen Centre.
• Educational Productions Inc (1987). Good Talking With You: Language Acquisition Through Conversation. Educational Productions, Portland, Ore
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Questions