language, speech & aphasias

8/14/2019 Language, Speech & Aphasias

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Language: refers to vocabulary & syntaxindependent of mode of production or

comprehension

Speech: actual production

Vocalization: production of sound withoutlinguistic content


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Language areas of brain

Brocas area: anterior speech area

Location- 3rd frontal gyrus

Detailed and co-ordinated pattern of vocalization


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Wernickes area: posterior speech area/

sensory area of speech

Location: Temporal lobeComprehension of speech

Dejerines area: area 39

Location: angular gyrus

Exners area: Motor writing centre

Location: Middle frontal gyrus of categorical

hemisphere


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Types of speech

1. Spoken speech:

understanding spoken words &

expressing ideas in speech3. Written speech:

understanding written words and

expressing ideas in writing


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Mechanism of speech

Primary auditory cortex/primary visual area

Auditory/visual association areas

Dejerines area

Wernickes area


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Arcuate fasciculus

Brocas area

Exners area

Motor area

Vocalization/Writing


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Comprehension of written speech and vocalization


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Speech/Language Disorders

Aphasias: Abnormalities of language

functions not due to defects of vision,

hearing or motor system

Classification:

3. Fluent aphasia

4. Non-fluent aphasia5. Anomic aphasia


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Fluent aphasia (sensory aphasia):

Injury to wernickes areaConduction aphasia- lesions in & around

auditory cortex

Talks excessively without senseNeologism

Phonemic paraphasias

I went to the..they brought me to theplace where.it wasnt the one that


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Nonfluent aphasia (Motor aphasia):

Slow & effortful

No grammarTelegraphic speech

Incorrect writing

Good comprehension


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Anomic aphasia:Injury to angular gyrus

Difficulty in understanding written language

and pictures

Global aphasia:

Injury to both brocas & wernickes area


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Dyslexia:Impaired ability to read

Phonemic deficit

Artists, musicians, mathematicians

Dysarthria:

Imperfect vocalizationDefect in motor areas & their connections


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Recognition of face

Right inferior temporal lobe

Prosopagnosia

Autonomic changes


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Cerebral Dominance

Categorical hemisphere- analytic

processes

Representational hemisphere- visuospatial

relations

90% left hemisphere is categorical

70% of left handed have left hemispheredominance


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Lesions of categorical hemisphere:

Language disorders

Disturbed and depressed

Lesions of representational hemisphere:Astereognosis & other agnosias

Hemineglect

Unconcerned and euphoric

language, speech & aphasias

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