languages of asia part 1: east and southeast asia asian 401 spring 2009 asian 401 spring 2009
TRANSCRIPT
Languages of AsiaPart 1: East and Southeast
Asia
Languages of AsiaPart 1: East and Southeast
Asia
ASIAN 401
Spring 2009
ASIAN 401
Spring 2009
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Relationships Among Languages
Relationships Among Languages
Languages can be classified in different ways:
Genetic (common ancestor)Typological (common features)Areal (common geography)
Languages can be classified in different ways:
Genetic (common ancestor)Typological (common features)Areal (common geography)
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Genetic RelationshipGenetic Relationship
Languages descended from a common ancestor language belong to the same language family and are genetically related
Example: The Romance languages are a family of languages descended from Latin
Languages descended from a common ancestor language belong to the same language family and are genetically related
Example: The Romance languages are a family of languages descended from Latin
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Languages FamiliesLanguages Families
There are five major language families of East and Southeast Asia
If we add North Asia, we get one (or several) more
There are also some language isolates
There are five major language families of East and Southeast Asia
If we add North Asia, we get one (or several) more
There are also some language isolates
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Languages of AsiaLanguages of Asia
There are hundreds of languages spoken in Asia, by over 2 billion people
You should memorize the major families, and at least two languages in each
You should also know isolates
There are hundreds of languages spoken in Asia, by over 2 billion people
You should memorize the major families, and at least two languages in each
You should also know isolates
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EAST ASIA
ChinaKorea
Japan
Japanese: Isolate
Korean: Isolate
Chinese (Mandarin, Cantonese, etc.): Sino-Tibetan family
Hmong, Mien: Hmong-Mien family
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SOUTHEAST ASIAChina
Malaysia
Indonesia
Thai, Lao: Tai-Kadai Family
Malaysian, Indonesian, Tagalog: Austronesian family
Burmese: Sino-Tibetan family
Vietnamese, Khmer: Austroasiatic family
PhilippinesVietnam
Burma
Thailand
1010
Languages FamiliesLanguages Families
Altaic: Mongolia, China, “stans”Sino-Tibetan: China, Tibet,
Burma, HimalayasHmong-Mien: China, VietnamTai-Kadai: China, Thailand,
LaosAustroasiatic: Cambodia,
Vietnam, Burma, IndiaAustronesian: Malaysia,
Indonesia, Philippines, Hawaii …
Altaic: Mongolia, China, “stans”Sino-Tibetan: China, Tibet,
Burma, HimalayasHmong-Mien: China, VietnamTai-Kadai: China, Thailand,
LaosAustroasiatic: Cambodia,
Vietnam, Burma, IndiaAustronesian: Malaysia,
Indonesia, Philippines, Hawaii …
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Sample LanguagesSample Languages
Altaic: Mongolian, UighurSino-Tibetan: Chinese,
Tibetan, BurmeseHmong-Mien: Hmong, MienTai-Kadai: Thai, Lao, ZhuangAustroasiatic: Khmer,
Vietnamese, MundaAustronesian: Malaysian,
Indonesian, Tagalog
Altaic: Mongolian, UighurSino-Tibetan: Chinese,
Tibetan, BurmeseHmong-Mien: Hmong, MienTai-Kadai: Thai, Lao, ZhuangAustroasiatic: Khmer,
Vietnamese, MundaAustronesian: Malaysian,
Indonesian, Tagalog
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AltaicAltaic
~60 languages, ~350 million speakers
Consists of Mongolic, Tungusic, and Turkic languages; perhaps also Japanese and Korean
Mongolia, NW China, “stans”, Turkey
Simple syllables, vowel harmony
~60 languages, ~350 million speakers
Consists of Mongolic, Tungusic, and Turkic languages; perhaps also Japanese and Korean
Mongolia, NW China, “stans”, Turkey
Simple syllables, vowel harmony
1313
Sino-TibetanSino-Tibetan
>300 languages, >1 billion speakers
Sinitic (= Chinese) in China, hundreds of lgs in SE, W, S Asia
In E and SE Asia, these languages tend to be tonal and monosyllabic
>300 languages, >1 billion speakers
Sinitic (= Chinese) in China, hundreds of lgs in SE, W, S Asia
In E and SE Asia, these languages tend to be tonal and monosyllabic
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Hmong-MienHmong-Mien
~35 languages, ~10 million speakers
Southern China, northern parts of SE Asia (Vietnam, Thailand, Laos)
Tonal, many complex consonant clusters as in mpzha ‘ear’
~35 languages, ~10 million speakers
Southern China, northern parts of SE Asia (Vietnam, Thailand, Laos)
Tonal, many complex consonant clusters as in mpzha ‘ear’
1515
Tai-KadaiTai-Kadai
~60 languages, ~50 million speakers
Southern China, Thailand, LaosTonal
~60 languages, ~50 million speakers
Southern China, Thailand, LaosTonal
1616
AustroasiaticAustroasiatic
>100 languages, ~100 million speakers
Spoken throughout peninsular SE Asia
Large numbers of vowels (> 20 in some lgs)
voice register distinctions
>100 languages, ~100 million speakers
Spoken throughout peninsular SE Asia
Large numbers of vowels (> 20 in some lgs)
voice register distinctions
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AustronesianAustronesian
~1000 languages, ~300 million speakers
Spoken on Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Pacific islands
Inclusive/Exclusive 2nd person plural pronouns
~1000 languages, ~300 million speakers
Spoken on Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Pacific islands
Inclusive/Exclusive 2nd person plural pronouns