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Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended MLK Connector Project By: Joel Cumby, P.E. October 18, 2016

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Page 1: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended

MLK Connector ProjectBy: Joel Cumby, P.E.October 18, 2016

Page 2: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines
Page 3: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Project Overview

BUSCH STADIUM

GATEWAY ARCH

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. MEMORIAL BRIDGE

I-55/I-64

POPLAR ST BRIDGE

PROJECT LIMITS

Page 4: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Project Limits

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. MEMORIAL BRIDGE

I-55/I-64

MLK CONNECTOR

Page 5: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC)

Page 6: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Pile Details

60 inch Diameter

Driven Open-ended

Page 7: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Pile Details

Page 8: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Pile Details – Driving Shoe

Plan Detail - Cast As Built - Fabricated

Photo courtesy of Horner & Shifrin, Inc.

Page 9: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Pile Details – Constrictor Plate

Photo courtesy of Horner & Shifrin, Inc.

Page 10: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Structural Design

▪ At time of Design▪ Only 1 project in midwest

▪ US 34 over Missouri River

▪ AASHTO LRFD 6.9.5 – Composite Members▪ Design as concrete column

▪ F’c between 3.0 and 8.0 ksi

▪ F’y shall not exceed 60 ksi

▪ Must transfer loads from cap

▪ Seismic design▪ 14 - #14 vertical rebar required

Page 11: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Geotechnical Overview

▪ “American Bottoms”

▪ Fluvial Floodplain Soils from the Mississippi River

▪ Typically Silts, Clays, Sands & Gravels

▪ Bedrock▪ Limestone

▪ 115 to 120 foot down

▪ Industrial Area▪ +/- 200 years of development

Page 12: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines
Page 13: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Soil Profile with Piles shown

Constrictor plates

Page 14: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Geotechnical Design Methodology

▪ IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet

▪ Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines▪ API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD

▪ Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms – Working Stress Design

▪ Limiting values from API Table 6.4.3.1

▪ Modified with AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Manual

▪ Geotechnical Resistance Factor = 0.65

▪ Seismic Geotechnical Resistance Factor = 1.0

Page 15: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

API Table 6.4.3.1

Page 16: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines
Page 17: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Construction

Page 18: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Piling Program

▪ Pre-Construction drivability analysis performed for each pier

▪ Dynamic testing to be performed on one pile per pier during final driving

▪ Restrikes contingent upon final driving conditions

Page 19: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Pile Delivery

Page 20: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Vibratory DrivingICE 110C w/1200E power pack

Page 21: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Impact DrivingPileco D225-22

Page 22: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines
Page 23: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Pile CapacitiesPredicted vs. Achieved

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500

Pen

etra

tio

n (f

eet

)

Pile Capacity (kips)

Pier 2 South Capacity versus Depth

Case Method Capacity

Design Capacity

CAPWAP Capacity

Overnight pause in driving

Page 24: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Dynamic Test DataPier 2 South

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

Constrictor Plate

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

Constrictor Plate

Day 1 End of driving Day 2 End of driving

Page 25: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Pile CapacitiesPier 2 South, End of day 1 vs. day 2 restrike

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Pen

etra

tio

n (f

eet

)

Resistance (kips)

Pier 2 South Resistance Distribution

Page 26: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Pile CapacitiesDynamic Test Data at Final Driving

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000

Pen

etra

tio

n (f

eet)

Shaft Resistance (kips)

Pier 1 North - Constrictor Plate at 66 feet Pier 1 South - Constrictor Plate at 70 feet Pier 2 South - Constrictor Plate at 99 feet

Pier 3 North Pier 4 Right Pier 5 Right

Pier 6 Right Pier 7 Right

Page 27: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Bearing/Resistance Distribution

NominalRequired Bearing

(kips)

MobilizedNominal

Resistance(kips)

ShaftResistance

(%)

Resistance on Constrictor Plate

(%)End Bearing

(%)

Pier 1 Left 4,496 5,840 14% 8% 78%

Pier 1 Right 4,496 4,982 16% 7% 77%

Pier 2 – Test 3,243 4,640 35%* 5% 60%*

Pier 3 3,999 5,675 15% 85%

Pier 4 4,258 5,148 16% 84%

Pier 5 3,301 5,470 16% 84%

Pier 6 3,257 4,655 18% 82%

Pier 7 3,217 5,076 13% 87%

Averages w/ 15% 7% 78%

Averages w/o 16% 84%

Page 28: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Soil PlugPier 2 South – Test Pile

18 ft32 ft

44 ft

Page 29: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Constrictor Plate Results

▪ Did not provide substantial plugging effects

▪ Inflated blow counts and drive time with negligible added benefit

▪ False capacity due to pore water pressures, which quickly dissipated upon termination of driving

▪ Removed constrictor plates in remaining production pile

Page 30: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Cost Analysis

$ k

$100 k

$200 k

$300 k

$400 k

$500 k

$600 kP

ier

1

Pie

r 2

Pie

r 3

Pie

r 4

Pie

r 5

Pie

r 6

Pie

r 7

Plan As Built W/ Restrikes (hypothetical)

$2,449 k

$2,572 k

$2,839 k

Project

Page 31: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Obstructions

Page 32: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines
Page 33: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Conclusions

▪ These pile are a good alternative to drilled shafts when ease and speed of installation are considered

▪ Capacities – Actual vs. Predicted

▪ Availability of equipment and material

▪ Good seismic design and load resistance even in relatively poor soil conditions

Page 34: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Thank You!

Page 35: Large Diameter Pipe Piles, Driven Open-Ended€¦ · Geotechnical Design Methodology IDOT Pile Design spreadsheet Modified with American Petroleum Institutes (API) design guidelines

Questions?

Joel Cumby, P.E.Email: [email protected]: 618-578-7302