large naphtha storage tank fire at tomakomai, japan (part 2) national research institute of fire and...
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Large naphtha storage tank fire at Tomakomai, Japan (part 2)
National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster,
Japan Hiroshi Koseki
Two fires occurred after the eathquake
Crude oil tank September 26, 2003, just after the
earthquake Naphtha tank fire September 28 , 10 : 49 AM Koseki was asked to help fire-fighting against
the second fire, who was in Tokyo. About 5 hours after fire, he was there.
Summary of Naphtha tank
No.30063 tank, floating roof, single roof Storage volume 32,779kl ,
26,000kl exist ( Fuel height :about 18 m)
Diameter 42.7m Height 24.4m
Built in 1974 as crude oil tank Then changed for storage of naptha
naphtha No posibility for boilover because of 71
C for 95 % distilation Similar to gasoline, but lower boiling poi
nt Flash point ー20℃ Burning rate is very high ; 5-8 mm / m
in ( 0.36-0.50m / hour ) Due to strong wind, it was higher.
Distilation curves(Naptha, Crude oil and gasoline)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 20 40 60 80 100
( 流出量 Vol.% )
(℃
)温
度
ガソリンナフサMurban
m
Crude oil
Naptha
gasoline
Volume %
Temperature C
Burning rate during the fire
Period Burning rate(m/hr)
Ignition - 4 hr 0.36
4 hr - 8 hr 0.50
These values are very large, normally 0.2-0.4m/hr for gasoline, keroseneBecause naphtha is very light
4 :0 5 AM, September 29Start of large fure fighting gun, 17 hours after start of the fire
9:32 AM Sep. 29
1:00 AM, September 29
Tank Fall down, at 1:23 PM, September
2:06 PM, Sep. 29
2:07 PM September 29
Strong heat flux damaged fire engine
About 6:30 AM September 30
Tanks after the fire
Oil storagety storage base near Idemitsu Refinary, very little damage by the same earthquake
Problems in fire-fightings Not enough extinguish agent,
because two fires occurred after the earthquake
Commanding system is not good, because so many fire departments came
Strong wind, tank height is high, so extinguish agent did not reach inside tank
Problems, use of foam extinguih agent
Each fire fighter group has different agent
Government: synthetic foam Idemitsu: AFFF, Protein Foam National storage base: Protein Foam USA military: AFFF
Conclusion To extinguish we need 44 hours,
and most fuel was burnt out. Naphtha is so difficult to be
extinguished Other problems, strong wind,
height of tank is 24 m However, no human damage