large-scale demonstration of perchlorate...
TRANSCRIPT
Plume has been characterizedPerchlorate concentration is projected to be >100 ppbOther water characteristics Bicarbonate: 180 ppm Nitrate: 27 ppm Sulfate: 15 ppm Chloride: 15 ppm TCE: 30 ppb
Extraction well RS498 Perchlorate: 1500 to 2000 ppb Bicarbonate: 150 ppm Nitrate: 4 ppm Sulfate: 3 ppm Chloride: 4 ppm TCE: 3100 ppb
15 week demonstration5 test periods
Coordinate with CDPH Sampling and analysis plan Policy Memo 97-005 requirements Coordinate with site Permits / ConstructionIntegrate with existing treatment system Enables water produced during demo to be treated and distributed3 - 5 month demonstration period
Large-Scale Demonstration of Perchlorate RemovalUsing Weak Base Anion Resin®®
Demonstrate a large-scale drinking water treatment system for perchlorate removal using the weak base anion resin ion exchange process.
Wellhead treatment in Rialto-Colton, CA Wellsite with high perchlorate concentration (>50 ppb) 1,000 gpm treatment capacity Meet Policy Memo 97-005 guidance for “Extremely Impaired” source water
Teaming Partner: Carollo Engineers Pilot System Demonstrations Large-Scale Demonstration
Zero-Discharge Regeneration Process Site: Fontana, CA (May - Sep 2006)
Low-Level Perchlorate Analysis
Results
Results
Breakthrough Curves
WBA Resin Ion Exchange
WBA Resin Ion Exchange Process (Patent Pending)
Integrated pre- and post-treatmentConventional lead-lag configuration 2-inch diameter ion exchange columns
Macroporous polystyrene divinylbenzene WBA resin (Purolite D4170) 36-inch bed depth
12 to 32 BV/hr treatment rate 1.5 - 4 gpm/ft3
24 hr/day – 7 day/week operationRegeneration and residuals treatment
Batch regeneration approach Minimize spent regenerant volume
Maximize perchlorate concentration
Scavenge perchlorate from spent regenerating solution Strong base anion (SBA) resin Very high loading possible > 20 to 80% of ion exchange sitesGreatly reduces resin replacement / disposal requirement Low O&M cost for drinking water applications
Production well F17 Perchlorate: 5-8 ppb Biocarbonate: 184 ppm Nitrate: 33 ppm Sulfate: 15 ppm Chloride: 12 ppm
16 week demonstration6 test periods
Perchlorate reduced to < 0.5 ppb> 9000 bed volume treatment capacityMet drinking water quality requirements< 0.03% perchlorate-free spent regenerating solution
Ion exchange and regeneration processes are pH dependent
WBA resin in free-base form (R-NH2) is ionized (R-NH3+) by protonating with acid (H+):
R-NH2 + H+ R-NH3+
Protonated resin removes anions (A-) from aqueous streams:
R-NH3+ + A- R-NH3-A
Spent resin (R-NH3-A) is regenerated by neutralizing with caustic (NaOH), which liberates anions and returns resin to the free-base form:
R-NH3-A + Na+OH- R-NH2 + HOH + Na+A-
Well F17
IonExchange
Vessel
CleanWater
Caustic
FeedPump
ScavengerResin
Vessels
RegenTank
IonExchange
VesselRegenTank
Regeneration Process
IonExchange
Vessel
CleanRegenWater
FeedPump
ScavengerResin
Vessels
RegenTank
IonExchange
VesselRegenTank
Scavenger Process
ER-0312
11,700 4.1 <0.10 Lead breakthrough14,800 6.5 0.19 Lead breakthrough1,200 <1.0 <1.0 50 hr after startup7,800 4.5 <1.0 Lead breakthrough
24 300 0.46 3 gpm/ft3 - 16 hr1,100 0.33 4 gpm/ft3 - 40 hr3,700 0.26 4 gpm/ft3 - 5 day4,900 0.11 3 gpm/ft3 - post regen
24 0.49 0.29 1 hr after startup9,200 0.53 Offline End of test period 6
* Perchlorate analyses using IC/MS/MS provided by Babcock Laboratories. MRL varied due to matrix effects.
24
24
24
3
1
Test Pd
6
2
CommentsFlow Rate (BV/hr)
Bed Volumes (BV)
Offline
Lead Column
(ppb)
Lag Column
(ppb)
32
Site: Redstone Arsenal, AL (Jun - Sep 2005)
Demonstration System Design
Demonstration Execution
Candidate Wellsite — Rialto #3 (Airport)
Objective
Perchlorate reduced to < 4 ppbEffective at commercial treatment ratesEfficient regeneration < 0.05% spent regenerating solutionScavenging and biodegradation of spent regenerating solution demonstrated
Test Period 5 - 24 BV/HourTest Period 4 - 18 BV/HourTest Period 3 - 12 BV/HourLag Columns
Bed Volumes
Perc
hlor
ate
(ug/
L)
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Rialto #3
Pretreatment Post TreatmentIon Exchange
TreatedWater
CO2
IXLead
IXLag
UntreatedGroundwater
Acid
In-lineMixer
In-lineMixer
Degasifier
Base
Pretreatment Ion Exchange Post-Treatment
Reduce pHLead-lag configuration (multi-barrier)
Restore and control treated water alkalinity and pH
WASTEHOLDING
TANK
WASTEHOLDING
TANK
CAUSTICSTORAGE
TANK
ELEVATION VIEW
PLAN VIEW
SODA ASHFEED SYSTEM
ELECTRICALCONTROL ROOM
ACIDSTORAGE
TANK
IONEXCHANGE
VESSELS
FEED PUMPSDEGASIFIER
MEMBRANES
N
WaterReservoir
IXLead
IXLag
Na2CO3Solution
Well Water- 2000 gpm
H2SO4
To ExistingIX System2000 gpm
MembraneDegasifier
Bypass1000 gpm
Feed pump1000 gpm
WBA ResinTreatedWater
1000 gpm
Packed-BedIon Exchange
CO2
Parameter Design BasisTreatment Rate 3 gpm/ftff 3 (24 BV/hr)Operational Requirement 24 hours/day, 7 days/weekIon Exchange Configuration Lead, lag; packed bed vesselsIon Exchange Resins Weak base resin – Purolite D-4170
Strong base resin – Purolite A-530ETreatment Capacity 10,000 bed volumes before
regenerationTreated Water Quality < 1 ppb perchlorate
> 30 ppm alkalinity (LSI = ~0)Spent Regenerating Solution < MDL perchlorate
< 0.05% of treated water volume