Elementary Surveying

Field Manual

COURSE AND SECTION: CE120-0F/A2

SUBMITTED BY:

Seat No.: 14 NAME: Despabiladeras, Dave J.

STUDENT NO.: 2013107716

GROUP NO.: 4 CHIEFS OF PARTY:

DATE OF FIELDWORK: June 18, 2015

DATE OF SUBMISSION: July 1, 2015

SUBMITTED TO:

PROFESSOR: Engr. B. A. Cervantes

FIELD WORK NO. 12

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY

GRADE

Gomez, Alice

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MEMBERS

OBJECTIVES

INSTRUMENTS

PROCEDURE

FINAL DATA SHEET

COMPUTATIONS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

PICTURES

RELATED RESEARCH

FIELD WORK PEER ASSESSMENT

GROUP NO. __4___ CHIEF OF PARTY: Gomez, Alice

MEMBERS: a.

1.De Luna, Lawrence

2.Despabiladeras, Dave J.

3. Domingo, Daniel

4. Gomez, Alice

FIELD WORK NO. 12

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY

OBJECTIVES:

1. To learn how to perform topographic survey of a hilly terrain.

2. To acquire the knowledge of plotting the different contour lines.

3. To develop the skills in the identification of the different element in a contour

map.

4. To develop the ability to lead or to follow the designated or desired task of one’s

party or group and to be fully responsible in the performance of the assigned

task.

5. To be able to conduct a topographic survey by working with other teams.

6. To develop the ability to synthesize all the gathered data to create a master plan

7. To enhance team work capabilities within the class

8. To be able to apply the knowledge learned from surveying one

INSTRUMENTS:

prism pole chalk

Total station

ORGANIZATION OF PARTY

1. Chief of Party (COP)

2. 1 instrument man

3. 1 recorder

4. 2 tapemen

tape

precise level

levelling rod

PROCEDURES

A. Determination of the dimensions of the premise and the man-made structures

inside the premise. (South Building, North Building, Research Building,

Gymnasium, Admin Building, South Bridge, North Bridge, Chapel, Perimeter of

the Premise).

Note: The assigned groups are free to choose whether to use Side shooting, azimuth

traversing or combination of the two.

METHOD ONE: SIDE SHOOTING

1. The student mark the corners of the premise to be observed. These points may not

be visible from each adjacent point but must be accessible from traverse station. Drive

on each corner hubs or mark each corner by a chalk if on pavement. Name the stations

1, 2m, 3 etc.

2. Establish traverse station near the corners of the lot taking into consideration that: a.

Intervisibility of stations is observed. b. Adjacent lot corners could be sideshot from a

single traverse station. c. No sideshot distance exceed 15m

3. Occupy station T-1 orient the telescope to the magnetic south with vernier a reading

zero on the horizontal circle, and run the traverse of the stations clockwise.

4. Shoot the corners of the lot from the nearest stations and measure the corresponding

distance, and interior angle while taking inconsideration the reference of the azimuth.

5. Check the transverse for angular error of closure. Re-run the traverse if the AEC is

not within the allowable accuracy of requirements.

6. Calculate the unknown distance and bearing of the closing line by method of

summation of latitudes and departures

METHOD TWO: AZIMUTH TRAVERSING

1. The Students mark the corners of the building to be observed. These points must be

visible from each adjacent points and must be accessible for setting the instrument.

Drive on each corner hubs or mark each corner by a chalk if on pavement. Name the

points as stations T1, T2, T3 etc.

2. Set-up the theodolite or total station on the 1st station. Orient the instrument to the

magnetic south after leveling. Note: Magnetic south is where the counter weight of the

needle is pointed when the telescope is in its normal position.

3. Align the instrument to the magnetic south direction. Preferably the instrument man

must already sketch the area to be traversed making remarks on the locations of each

corner to have and overview of the extent of the fieldwork.

4. Sight the last station and record the reading of the horizontal Vernier for its back

azimuth to be used for checking the traverse later.

5. Transfer to the next station and follow the same procedure 2-5.

6. Follow the same procedure until you reach the last station.

7. Compute for the bearing of each side by referring to the azimuth angle

measurements.

B. Determination of the elevation of the open areas inside the premise (South

Open Area, North Open Area, Quadrangle).

1. The students marks the location of the elevation points, which can be observed from

a single instrument set-up of considerable difference in elevation.

2. Set-up the level on the suitable point, preferably at a convenient point where the

number of visible elevation points are maximized. Adjust the height of the level to be

convenient for the instrument man by using the leg screw of the tripod.

3. Make sure that the base plate of the level is nearly parallel to the horizon. Center the

bubble such that even if the instrument is rotated clockwise or counter clockwise in its

base, the bubbles remain at the center.

4. Take the back sight (BS) of point A where the leveling rod is being held vertical with

the aid of a plumb bob. The reading must be done up to an accuracy of a millimeter or a

thousandths of a meter.

5. Rotate the telescope to the next point and record the intermediate foresight.

6. Follow the same procedure until you reach the last visible elevation point.

7. Repeat steps 1-7 until all elevations are measured.

FINAL DATA SHEET

A. Figure and Dimensions with Elevation Points

299.9

299.95

300

300.05

300.1

300.15

300.2

BM-1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 TP 1 50

B. Elevations and Graphs

QUADRANGLE

GRAPH

STATION ELEVATION

BM-1 300

5 299.988

10 300.005

15 300.028

20 300.048

25 300.05

30 300.065

35 300.113

40 300.089

TP 1 300.12

50 300.148

NORTH-WEST BUILDING OPEN AREA

GRAPH

STATION ELEVATION

BM-1 300

5 300.055

10 300.1

15 300.18

20 300.25

25 300.315

30 300.36

35 300.435

40 300.53

TP 1 300.62

50 300.715

55 300.82

60 300.945

65 301.04

70 301.12

75 301.1

80 301

85 300.935

TP 2 300.85

95 300.835

100 300.81

105 300.785

110 300.73

115 300.695

120 300.84

299.4

299.6

299.8

300

300.2

300.4

300.6

300.8

301

301.2

BM

-1

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

TP

1

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

TP

2

95

10

0

10

5

11

0

11

5

12

0

SOUTH-WEST BUILDING OPEN AREA

GRAPH

STATION ELEVATION

BM-1 300

5 300.07

10 300.17

15 300.28

20 300.41

25 300.565

30 300.67

TP 1 300.745

40 300.805

45 300.815

50 300.745

55 300.695

60 300.66

65 300.595

70 300.545

75 300.485

80 300.43

85 300.465

90 300.59

95 300.675

100 300.765

299.4

299.6

299.8

300

300.2

300.4

300.6

300.8

BM

-1

5

10

15

20

25

30

TP

1

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

10

0

Mapua Institute of Technology Perimeter

SIDE AZIMUTH BEARING DISTANCE LATITUDE DEPARTURE

AB 160:53'40'' N19:06'20''W 130.734 123.53 -42.79

BC 51:09'42'' S51:09'42''W 162.237 -101.74 -126.37

CD 324:01'00'' S135:59'00''E 125.048 -101.19 73.47

DA 230:18'55'' N50:18'55''E 124.34 79.4 95.69

Research Building Dimensions

STATION

SIDE

INTERIOR ANGLE LEG1

LEG2

TOTAL LENGTH

1 AB 163:36'80'' 10.441 24.884 35.025

2 BC 97:40'38'' 7.105 16.64 19.247

3 CD 131:19'58'' 46.437 11.76 54.918

4 DE 149:00'54'' 13.522 21.52 33.836

- EF - - - 19.893

- FA - - - 14.585

Gymnasium Dimensions Admin. Building

SIDE LENGTH SIDE LENGTH

North side 38.05 North side 21.57

South Side 37 South Side 21.1

East Side 47.5 East Side 44

West Side 47.5 West Side 44

South Building Dimensions

North Building Dimensions

Dimension Measurement Dimension Measurement

length 110.96 length 91.42

width 27.3 width 27.3

Chapel

Dimension Measurement

length 22.9

width 22.9

Building Offsets

Side Distance

Research Bldg. To North Bldg. 9.4

Research Bldg. To South Bldg. 11.71

Research Bldg. To Don Tomas HB 12.9

Research Bldg. To Perimeter 1 5.3

Research Bldg. To Perimeter 2 2.7

Admin Bldg. to North Bldg. 17.55

Admin Bldg. to South Bldg. 21.1

Gymnasium to North Bldg. 14.35

Gymnasium to South Bldg. 14.21

Table for

1.12 1.68 8.17 01’ 14.95

1.62 1.84 12.6

Table for

1.10 1.58 9.26 03’ 16.9

1.62 1.87 14.3

2.46m

2.45m

11m

𝐷 = . m

𝐷 = . m

4-step elev.

2-step elev.

Theodolite

𝑟

𝑟

ELEVATIONS

Ground Elev. 1.39m

1st step 1.19m

2nd step 0.99m

COMPUTATION

= . .

= .

= . .

= .

= √ . . ( . )( . ) ( )

= .

= .

= .

= . .

( )

= .

= . .

( )

= .

= √ . . ( . )( . ) ( )

= .

= .

= .

Ground 1.39m

1st 1.29m

2nd 1.19m

3rd 1.09m

4th 0.99m

DISCUSSION

In this fieldwork we are assigned by our professor to measure the perimeter,

dimensions and elevations of our school, Mapua Institute of Technology using side-shot and

parallel method. Side-shot method is getting the horizontal distance of a lot by using a total

station and having a two points on each side while parallel method also getting horizontal

distance of a lot but you are at the other end of the lot and using total station.

This field work is all about topographic surveying. In topographic surveying, it requires

good control, the horizontal and vertical controls. The controls are used for the basis of

topographic survey measurements. An error in the control will be reflected in errors in the

position and/or elevation of topography. Horizontal control is provided by two or more points

on the ground and precisely fixed in position by distance and direction. It is the basis for map

scale and locating topographic features. or small areas, horizontal control for topographic work

is usually established by a traverse, but sometimes a single straight line may be used. Next is

the vertical control which is provided by bench marks in or near the tract to be surveyed. It is

the foundation for correctly portraying relief and elevation on a map. Vertical controls are

usually established by lines of levels starting and closing on bench marks. A surface of a body of

water is a continuous bench mark and may sometimes be used as a vertical control.

One of the instruments that we used is the total station. A total station or TST (total

station theodolite) is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying and building

construction. The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an

electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope distances from the instrument to a particular

point. Robotic total stations allow the operator to control the instrument from a distance via

remote control. This eliminates the need for an assistant staff member as the operator holds

the reflector and controls the total station from the observed point.

Measurement of distance is accomplished with a modulated infrared carrier signal,

generated by a small solid-state emitter within the instrument's optical path, and reflected by a

prism reflector or the object under survey. The modulation pattern in the returning signal is

read and interpreted by the computer in the total station. The distance is determined by

emitting and receiving multiple frequencies, and determining the integer number

of wavelengths to the target for each frequency. Most total stations use purpose-built glass

corner cube prism reflectors for the EDM signal. A typical total station can measure distances

with an accuracy of about 1.5 millimeters (0.0049 ft) + 2 parts per million over a distance of up

to 1,500 meters (4,900 ft).

CONCLUSION

In this field work, we have attained and completed the agreed objectives

that our professor has given us. We applied our learning and knowledge that we

have gained when we get the lot area of the Lyceum of the Philippines University-

Manila in our previous field work by taking station on each corner points of a

piece of land and also learned how to read the horizontal angle in the total

station. We also established and developed our skills on how to manipulate and

use the total station ahead of time and accurately.

Topographic survey is used to identify and map the contours of the ground

and existing features on the surface of the earth or slightly above or below the

earth's surface (i.e. trees, buildings, streets, walkways, manholes, utility poles,

retaining walls, etc.). If the purpose of the survey is to serve as a base map for the

design of a residence or building of some type, or design a road or driveway, it

may be necessary to show perimeter boundary lines and the lines of easements

on or crossing the property being surveyed, in order for a designer to accurately

show zoning and other agency required setbacks. Topographic Surveys require

"bench marks" to which ground contours are related, information regarding

surface and underground utilities, determination of required setbacks, etc. Based

from this definition of topographic survey, the field work that we performed was

much related to it because it requires a good control which is the horizontal

control that is provided by two or more points on the ground and is precisely

fixed in position by distance and direction.

RELATED RESEARCH

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS The purpose of a TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY is to gather survey data about the natural and man-made features of the land, as well as its elevations. From this information a three dimensional map may be prepared. You may prepare the topographic map in the office after collecting the field data or prepare it right away in the field by plane table. The work usually consists of the following: 1. Establishing horizontal and vertical control hat will serve as the framework of the survey 2. Determining enough horizontal location and elevation (usually called side shots) of ground points to provide enough data for plotting when the map is prepared 3. Locating natural and man-made features that may be required by the purpose of the survey 4. Computing distances, angles, and elevations 5. Drawing the topographic map Topographic surveys are commonly identified with horizontal and/or vertical control of third-and lower-order accuracies. ROUTE SURVEYS The term route survey refers to surveys necessary for the location and construction of lines of transportation or communication that continue across country for some distance, such as highways, railroads, open-conduit systems, pipelines, and power lines. Generally, the preliminary survey for this work takes the form of a topographic survey. In the final stage, the work may consist of the following: 1. Locating the center line, usually marked by stakes at 100-ft intervals called stations 2. Determining elevations along and across the center line for plotting profile and cross sections 3. Plotting the profile and cross sections and fixing the grades 4. Computing the volumes of earthwork and preparing a mass diagram 5. Staking out the extremities for cuts and fills 6. Determining drainage areas to be used in the design of ditches and culverts 7. Laying out structures, such as bridges andculverts8. Locating right-of-way boundaries, as well as staking out fence lines, if necessary

SPECIAL SURVEYS SPECIAL SURVEYS are conducted for a specific purpose and with a special type of surveying equipment and methods. A brief discussion of some of the special surveys familiar to you follows. Land Surveys LAND SURVEYS (sometimes called cadastral or property surveys) are conducted to establish the exact location, boundaries, or subdivision of a tract of land in any specified area. This type of survey requires professional registration in all states. Presently, land surveys generally consist of the following chores: 1. Establishing markers or monuments to define and thereby preserve the boundaries of land belonging to a private concern, a corporation, or the government. 2. Relocating markers or monuments legally established by original surveys. This requires examining previous survey records and retracing what was done. When some markers or monuments are missing, they are re-established following recognized procedures, using whatever information is available. 3. Rerunning old land survey lines to deter-mine their lengths and directions. As a result of the high cost of land, old lines are remeasured to get more precise measurements. 4. Subdividing landed estates into parcels of predetermined sizes and shapes. 5. Calculating areas, distances, and directions and preparing the land map to portray the surveyed at a so that it can be used as a permanent record. 6. Writing a technical description for deeds. Control Surveys CONTROL SURVEYS provide “basic con-trol” or horizontal and vertical positions of

points to which supplementary surveys are adjusted. These types of surveys

(sometimes termed geodetic surveys) are conducted to provide geographic

positions and plane coordinates of triangulation and traverse stations and the

elevations of benchmarks. These control points are further used as references for

hydrographic surveys of the coastal waters; for topographic control; and for the

control of many state, city, and private surveys.

PHOTOS

Measuring the distance

between the gymnasium and

the South Building

Measuring the width of the

South Bridge

Measuring the length of the

South Bridge from the

Administration building to the

South building