late middle ages: transition to the renaissance karen h. reeves burke county high school
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Late Middle Ages: Transition to the Renaissance Karen H. Reeves Burke County High School. Medieval Themes. Feudalism/Manorialism Hundred Years War Black Death Power of Medieval Church Impact on Renaissance. Feudal Society. Highly structured - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Late Middle Ages:Transition to the Renaissance
Karen H. ReevesBurke County High School
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Medieval Themes
Feudalism/Manorialism Hundred Years War Black Death Power of Medieval Church Impact on Renaissance
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Feudal Society Highly structured
Nobles/Manors replaced chaos following fall of high centralized Roman Empire
Nobles weakened by Crusades = emergence of “New Monarchs”
Manor center of daily life Born, lived, died Little education Serfdom waning with rise of towns
Calamitous 14th Century Famine Black Death
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The Hundred
Years War
(1337-1453)
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1. English claim to the French throne
Philip IV (Fr.) died childless Edward III (Eng.) claimed throne through mother (Philip’s daughter)
Fr. Nobles refused claiming Salic Law = gave to Philip of Valois (cousin to late king)
1340, Edward makes claim
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2. English lands in France
Since Norman Conquest of 1066 English kings were vassals of French king holding large fiefs in France
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3. “Flanders” English
supported Flemish desire to become independent of Fr. Rule
Wool industry
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4. French Disunity
½ of France controlled by English
Burgundy = English allies
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Battles Crecy
(1346) Poitiers
(1356)
Agincourt (1415) = Henry V victorious
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France vs. EnglandLarger populationWealthierPoor leadershipCountry internally Joan of Arc > nationalismVictor
Better leadershipUnited countryEarly victoriesEventual defeat of all lands except Calais
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The British Longbow:The Battle of Poitiers,
1356
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The Effective Use of the Cannon at Poitiers, 1356
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French Problems Fr. King, John II captured
at Poitiers = left rule to Estates General (townspeople + nobles)
1358, Fr. Peasants rebelled (“Jacquerie”) because of taxes, economic hardship = suppressed by aristocratic army
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English Problems 1381, Eng. Peasants rebelled
(“Peasants’ Revolt”) because of taxes = suppressed by Richard II
Richard forced to abdicate Parliament chose Henry IV
(Lancaster) = limited taxes, popular with both classes
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English Success 1415, Henry V wins
stunning victory at Agincourt = owns ½ of France
1420, Treaty of Troyes made Henry VI heir to both Fr. & Eng. thrones
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French Reconquest
1429, Charles VII (Fr.) + Joan of Arc regained Orleans
1432, Joan captured in Paris by Burgundians, tried by English for “unatural behavior” and burned at the stake
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Results 1453, France
unified under Charles VII
England loses land but solidifies its power
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The Black Death
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Causes• Famine of 1315-1317• Europe weakened by decades of overpopulation, economic depression, famine, general bad health• Bubonic Plague—rats & fleas
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1347: Plague Reaches Genoa
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The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Form:
almost 100% mortality rate.
Pneumonic Plague
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The Plague in Art
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Boccaccio’s The Decameron
“The victims ate lunch with their
friends and dinner with their
ancestors.”
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Desperate attempts to Stop….
FlagellentiPogroms against the Jews
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The Danse Macabre
Death Rate 30%
75 million dead
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Effects of the Black Death
Agricultural prices fellCost of manufactured goods roseNoble landowners suffered as
per capita income in the cities increased = Feudalism failed
Trade guilds became powerfulMonarchs were able to continue
process of governmental centralization
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The Medieval Church
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Problems within the Church
• Church vs. Imperial power• Pope Boniface VIII v. King Philip IV
(Fr.)• Babylonian Captivity– Church HQ moved to Avignon—
subservient to French king 1309-1377• Great Schism--1378-1417– here a Pope, there a Pope, everywhere
a Pope• Conciliar movement—church
controlled councils—order restored
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John Huss • Bohemia• Spokesman
for the rights of royal authority over the popes
• Burned at the stake as a heretic 1415
• Fierce revolution
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John Wycliffe• England• “brother in
spirit” w/ John Huss
• Worked on English translation of the Bible
• Condemned as a heretic
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Russia
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Converted to Christianity early 9th centuryByzantine missionaries
Kievcultural center until mid-14th century
MoscowIvan I1380—Mongols defeated—driven out of Russia within 15th century
Russia
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ImpactEnd of Feudalism Decline in the political power of the Church Rise of moneyed economy Growth of towns/middle class Increase in power of “new monarchs” with large armies