latest achievements in resistive type superconducting

Achim Hobl

Wednesday, 20 November 2013

No 1 Nexans SuperConductors

Frank Schmidt, Achim Hobl

Nexans SuperConductors GmbH

Chemiepark Knapsack

50351 Hürth, Germany

Latest Achievements

in Resistive Type

Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

11th EPRI

Superconductivity Conference

http://www.epri.com/

Achim Hobl



Outline

1. Motivation

2. Classification of SFCLs

3. SFCL in Power Station:

Vattenfall - Ensystrob

4. SFCL in Distribution Grids: ECCOFLOW

5. SFCL in HTS Cable Protection: AmpaCity

6. Summary


Achim Hobl



Outline

1.Motivation 2. Classification of SFCLs





6. Summary


Achim Hobl



Need for Fault Level Control

in the Grids

Increase in distributed generation

„Energiewende“

Ageing of grid

infrastructure


Achim Hobl



Equipment malfunction or failure

Caused by environmental effects

At any position

At arbitraty short circuit resistance

Short Circuits


Achim Hobl



Outline

1. Motivation

2.Classification of SFCLs 3. SFCL in Power Station:




6. Summary


Achim Hobl



SFCL

Type

Superconductor Material

Application

SFCL

Type

Saturated core

Shielded core

Resistive type

Superconductor Material

BSCCO bulk

BSCCO tape

YBCO tape

MgB2

Application

Auxiliary Supply

Bus bar coupling

Transformer feeder

HTS cable protection

…

Different Classifications of SFCL


Achim Hobl



Classification Type

Pre-Saturated Iron Core

+ no quench of the superconductor

+ can be without interruption

– large volume and weight

– low level of limitation

– relatively high impedance

FCL


Achim Hobl



Classification Type

Shielded Iron Core

+ no current leads to cryogenics

+ can be without interruption

– large volume and weight

– needs non-metal cryostat

– relatively high impedance

FCL


Achim Hobl



Classification Type

Resistive Limitation

+ compact

+ intrinsically safe

+ strong limitation

+ independent of short circuit level

– current leads to low temperature

– may need interruption

FCL


Achim Hobl



Classification Type

Limitation Comparison

Saturated Iron Core

current

imp

ed

an

ce

Resistive FCL

resis

tan

ce

ind

ucta

nce


Achim Hobl



Classification Type

SFCL Projects / Installations Realized

Saturated Core (S)FCL

• InnoPower

• Zenergy ASL

• GridON

• …

Shielded Core SFCL

• ABB (stopped)

• Bruker EST (stopped)

• …

Resistive SFCL

• Siemens/AMSC

• Varian Power Systems

• KEPRI

• RSE

• Nexans

• …

Industrial Activities / In-grid Installations Superconducting FCL (selected examples)

Also first HV Installation / Concepts


Achim Hobl



Classification

Superconductor

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Vo

lta

ge

I / Ic

U bulk (n= 9)

U tape (n= 20)

Properties Tape

(in comparison):

• “Sharper”

transition

• Faster limitation

• Stronger

limitation

• Potentially

lower AC losses

• More sensitive

to overcurrent


Achim Hobl



Parameter Tape "A" Tape "B" Tape "C" Tape "D"

Sin

gle

ta

pe

@ 7

7 K

Critical current (A) 340 250 500 470

Type of substrate nonmagn. magn. magn. nonmagn.

Tape dimensions

w x t (mm x mm) 12 x 0.11 12 x 0.25 12 x 0.32 10 x 0.12

Limited peak short circuit

current (Ip/Ic) 2.4 5.5 3.7 3.1

Limited short circuit current

(Irms/Ic) 0.78 1.5 1.0 0.85

Limitation Behavior of

Different YBCO HTS Tapes


Achim Hobl



Sh

ort

cir

cu

it c

urr

en

t (I

/Ic)

Time (ms)

Limitation Behavior of

Different YBCO HTS Tapes


Achim Hobl



1 Generator feeder

2 Power station auxiliaries

3 Network coupling

4,5 Busbar coupling

6 Shunting current limiting reactor

7 Transformer feeder

8 Outgoing feeder

9 Combination with other SC devices,

especially SC cables

10 Coupling local generating units

11 Closing ring circuits

© Mathis Noe, KIT

Transmission network (e.g. 380 kV)

Distribution

Network

(e.g. 110 kV)

Distribution

Network

(e.g. 110 kV)

Distribution

Network

(e.g. 110 kV)

FCL FCL

FCL

FCL

FCL

FCL FCL

FCL

FCL

FCL

7

8

6 FCL

9 9

1

2

5

10

11

3

4

FCL

Applications of SFCL

Vattenfall, Ensystrob

ECCOFLOW

AmpaCity

}


Achim Hobl



12 kV, 800 A 12 kV, 100 A 12 kV, 400 A

11/2009 2011 10/2009

Bi 2212 bulk

State-of-the-Art

SFCL

12 kV, 600 A 12 kV, 2.3 kA 24 kV, 1 kA

10/2011 2013

YBCO tapes

2013


Achim Hobl



Outline

1. Motivation


3.SFCL in Power Station:

Vattenfall - Ensystrob 4. SFCL in Distribution Grids: ECCOFLOW


6. Summary


Achim Hobl



Why SFCL in Power Stations?

e.g. Vattenfall Station Boxberg

Very low impedance netwoks for high voltage stability

Huge lengths of MV cables

One SFCL protects > 20 circuit breakers


Achim Hobl



Component Module One phase Assy into a

cryostat

FCL

System Assembly


Achim Hobl



Realisation of the SFCL for Vattenfall

BSCCO Bulk SFCL

System Assembly

Open System


Achim Hobl



SFCL installation

In Boxberg Power Station


Achim Hobl



Limiter

component

Module

System

ENSYSTROB

Worldwide first YBCO cc FCL in-grid


Achim Hobl



Tests: • 12 kV/ 63 kA (prosp. peak)

• 3 x 3-phase short circuit

• 2 x 2-phase short circuit

ENSYSTROB

High Power Test


http://web2604.yellowhost.de/iph_de/cms/privat/HTMLPageVorlagen/StdFiles/userfiles/file/Iph_Luftbild800.jpg

Achim Hobl



L1, L2, L3

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51

time [s]

cu

rren

t [k

A]

L1 L2 L3

L1, L2, L3

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51

time [s]

cu

rren

t [k

A]

L1, L2, L3

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51

time [s]

cu

rren

t [k

A]

L1 L2 L3 prospective [A]


Achim Hobl



Outline

1. Motivation




4.SFCL in Distribution Grids:

ECCOFLOW 5. SFCL in HTS Cable Protection: AmpaCity

6. Summary


Achim Hobl



Partners of the ECCOFLOW Project


Achim Hobl



Palma

Kosice

ECCOFLOW

Installation Sites


Achim Hobl



ECCOFLOW

Specification

ENDESA VSE ECCOFLOW

rated voltage 16.5 kV 24 kV 24 kV

rated current 1000 A 1005 A 1005 A

max. prospective current (peak) 22 kA 26 kA 26 kA

max. limited current (peak) 10.8 kA 17 kA 10.8 kA

fault duration 1 s 120 ms 1 s

HTS limitation time 80 ms 80 ms 80 ms

recovery time < 30 s < 30 s < 30 s

AC withstand voltage 50 kV 50 kV 50 kV

lightning impulse 125 kV 125 kV 125 kV


Achim Hobl



..

.HTS component

Cryostat

HTS module

Bushing

Current leads

LN2

Circuit breaker Air coil

Cooling

SCFCL system

Grid impedance

..

.

LN2

..

.

LN2

GM cryocooler

Grid interface

Grid interface

System Overview

Cryostat 3-in-1


Achim Hobl



Conductor Quench Modelling

Including Inhomogeneity

Hot spots are the highest risk in a tape for FCL application Occurs on the weakest parts of the tape

Tape is never perfectly homogenous, but how much inhomogeneous?

Measurements on 600 m provided by manufacturer

Inhomogeneity included in modelling randomized distribution

Model itself «included» in a grid model


Achim Hobl



Conductor Quench Modelling Results

Selected cc-tape:

Tape width: 12 mm

Critical current: 380 A

Silver thickness: 4 µm

Model used to determine the safest and most economic

stabilization No problems occur for low

impedance faults (high fault

currents)

Problems most critical at

about

15 Ω impedance in

ECCOFLOW grid

configurations

Stabilization must sustain

most critical events


Achim Hobl



Tested @ 1 kArms / 800 Vrms

Warm-cold cycles : > 10 times

limitation behaviour: > 60 full short-circuit faults

nominal current: 1005 A for 30 minutes

partial loads: 2.5 x Ic to 1 x Ic

Component testing


Achim Hobl



Closed Cooling System

• Cooling ensured by two

Cryocoolers: – Cryomech AL600

– Oerlikon Leybold 250MD

Cryostat 3-in-1

• Temperature control: – Circulation ensured by the

condensation of the GN2

– LN2 bath controlled with

the cryocoolers and heater

regulation


Achim Hobl



Container with

• Cryostat

• 2 cold heads

• Water chiller

• Control system

• UPS

Cryostat Assembly to Container


Achim Hobl



3 D CAD View

CB2 CB1

Air Core Reactors

SFCLL

SFCL Device


Achim Hobl



VSE

Graph of limited

current, Endesa

Total current and

current through

SFCL, Endesa.

Spec. < 10.8 kA peak

Total current and

current through

SFCL, VSE.

Spec. < 17 kA peak

ECCOFLOW

Results of Limitation Tests


Achim Hobl



ECCOFLOW

AC Losses

ECCOFLOW: AC-losses

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Po

we

r [W

]

Curren [A]

L1 (R) [W]

L2 (S) [W]

L3 (T) [W]

CL (calc.) [W]


Achim Hobl



SFCL Installation in Palma


Achim Hobl



Outline

1. Motivation





5.SFCL in HTS Cable

Protection: AmpaCity 6. Summary


AmpaCity

HTS Cable for Inner City Applications

Achim Hobl



Substation

Herkules

Substation

Dellbrügge

Joint

Technical specifications:

Rated voltage: 10 kV

Design current: 2310 A (40 MVA)

Lenght: 1 km

Luftbild: "Darstellung aus HK Luftbilder / Karten Lizenz Nr. 197 / 2012 mit

Genehmigung vom Amt für Geoinformation, Vermessung und Kataster der

Stadt Essen vom 13.02.2012"

Cable track in Essen

• FCL

• Cooling System

• HTS Cable

Termination

• HTS Cable

Termination No more HV transformer in city centre


Achim Hobl



Completed FCL

Transportation to High Power Test Lab


//wkn-ad01/ahobl/ToDelete/00063.MTS

Achim Hobl



-60000

-40000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

0.29 0.3 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38

Cu

rre

nt

[A]

Time [s]

Prospective and limited currents - AmpaCity

iL1

iL2

iL3

AmpaCity FCL

Limitation

High Power Test at the IPH, Berlin

-60000

-40000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

0.29 0.3 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38

Cu

rre

nt

[A]

Time [s]


iL1

iL2

iL3

iL1, lim

iL2, lim

iL3, lim

-16000

-12000

-8000

-4000

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

0.29 0.3 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38

Cu

rre

nt

[A]

Time [s]


iL1

iL2

iL3

iL1, lim

iL2, lim

iL3, lim


Achim Hobl



AmpaCity

AC Losses

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Po

we

r [W

]

Current [A]

L1 [W]

L2 [W]

L3 [W]

CL (calc.) [W]

AmpaCity FCL: AC-losses


Achim Hobl



Outline

1. Motivation






6.Summary


Achim Hobl



• MV SFCLs can be well applied for

– Protection of HTS cable

– Busbar coupling

– Transformer feeder

– Power station auxiliaries

– Local networks

– Additional in-feed (renewable generation)

• Experience with different cooling options (open/closed)

• Proven application in different in-grid installations

Summary


Achim Hobl




latest achievements in resistive type superconducting

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