Latest Generation Epoxy NovalacSolvent Free Coatings for the biofuelmarket

Content of the presentation• The tendencies in the petrochemical land storage market• Difference between bio-ethanol types and biodiesels based on FAME• Difference in the impact on the land storage coatings• The answer from the coating manufacturers • Chemical background of the new technologies used• Outlook for the future

Motor gasoline mix

2007 2012

Biofuel3%

Motor Gasoline97%

Biofuel6%

Motor Gasoline94%

Tendencies in the petrochemical land storage market

Biofuel mix

2007

Fuel ethanol81%

Biodiesel19%

Tendencies in the petrochemical land storage market

BIO FuelsHydro-carbon Bio-Fuel

mixtures100 %

BIO basedPetrol+ Bio fuel

Diesel + Bio fuel

Ethanol

Vegetable oils

Palm oil fatty acids

Bio gas

Tendencies in the petrochemical land storage market

Biofuel Typical grades

Biofuel Bio-ethanol

Biodiesel

E5: 5 % blend of ethanol in gasolineE10: 10 % blend of ethanol in gasoline

B5: 5 % blend of FAME in dieselB20: 10 % blend of FAME in diesel

Biofuel is considered an important mean of reducing greenhousegas emissions and increasing energy security. Biodiesel is produced from any fat or oil such as soybean oil, rape seed oil

and palm oil. Typical grades are biodiesel B5 (blend of 5 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)

and conventional petroleum diesel.

Difference between bio-ethanol and biodiesels based on FAME

• Ethanol made from– Sugar cane– Grain– Corn

C2H5OH

100% bio based fuels

Bio Diesel made from vegetable oil

– Rape seed– Palm oil– and other vegetable oils

FAME (fatty acid methyl ester)

100% bio based fuels

The impact of bio-ethanol and FAME is different!

• Most existing tank coatings based on standard epoxy technology are also resistant to FAME

• Most existing tank coatings based on standard epoxy technology are also resistant to E5

• BUT : ethanol/fuel mixtures of>5% are problematic!

• Many failures of coating systems are to be expected inthe coming years

• The impact on this on the protective coatings market should not be underestimated

Impact on the tankcoatings used

Market requirements

• Tank owners require the next generation solvent free phenolicepoxy tank liningsthat are resistant to latest gasoline blends from E5 to E100 and biodiesel.

• Increasing high temperature resistanceto crude oil.

PPG PMC has listened to the market and elaborated their epoxy novolac technology

The answer from the coating manufacturors

A A B B

A AB B

A (F=2) + B (F=2) => chain lengthening

Standard epoxy (tank) technology is based on 2-dimensional polymers :

Epoxy novolac tank coating technology is based on 3-dimensional polymers

Chemical background of the new technologies used

B BA

A

B B

A A AB B

BAB

A (F=3) + B (F=2)

=>

crosslinking

Novolac epoxy:

Chemical background of the new technologies used

O

CH2

CH

O

CH2

CH2

CH2

O

CH2

CH CH2

O

O

CH2

CH CH2

O

n (F>2)

Classical solvent based novolac epoxy: F > 3 Example : Phenguard series

New solvent based novolac epoxies: F = +/- 2,5 Example : Novaguard series

The classical solvent based novolac epoxies are generaly resistant to ethanol (with additional curing requirements)

PPG has further developed the solvent free range and has now a product resistant to ethanol without additional curing requirements

Chemical background of the new technologies used

Application Area

Typical chemical resistance chart

++Unleaded gasoline++Jet fuel

+, 90 °C, note 2+, 90 °C, note 2Heavy fuel oil+-Gasoline E85+-Gasoline E20+-Gasoline E10++Gasoline E5++Gas condensate

+, 90 °C, note 2+, 90 °C, note 2Crude oil++Crude naphtha++Biodiesel B100 (FAME)++Biodiesel B10++Biodiesel B5

Sigma NovaGuard 890Sigma NovaGuard 840

++Unleaded gasoline++Jet fuel

+, 90 °C, note 2+, 90 °C, note 2Heavy fuel oil+-Gasoline E85+-Gasoline E20+-Gasoline E10++Gasoline E5++Gas condensate

+, 90 °C, note 2+, 90 °C, note 2Crude oil++Crude naphtha++Biodiesel B100 (FAME)++Biodiesel B10++Biodiesel B5

New Epoxy NovalacStandard Epoxy Novalac

• Can be applied with standard airless equipment (no hot twin feed application)

• No limitation to the amount of (bio)ethanol present gasoline blends to provide maximum storage flexibility of today’s tank terminals.

• No hot cure required when gasoline blends with ethanol are stored, maximum application flexibility.

• Wide chemical resistance to crude oil up to 90 °C, unleaded gasoline’s, and biofuels.

• One-coat system directly to steel, no primer required, reducing down time.

Features & Benefits (1)

• Drying down to 5 °C creating maximum application window flexibility and reducing turnaround times.

• Good filling properties making it an excellent choice for refurbishment of pitted tanks.

• Can be reinforced by chopped fiber or glass laminates, which makes it full package coating for tank maintenance.

• Light colour improves the application and inspection characteristics.

• The smooth and glossy appearance, easy to clean.• Solvent free, improving working safety.

Features & Benefits (2)

Typical specification

Standard• New Solvent Free Epoxy Novalac, 400 μm

Large tanks when holding primer is required• Epoxy Novalac holding primer, 75 μm• New Solvent Free Epoxy Novalac, 400 μm

Specification

Based on this new technology, PPG seeks to further improve/complete the product range :

• Conductive version for certain regions where thisis required

• Quicker drying products• …

Outlook to the future

Thank you for your attention!