latin america and global ghg emissions. (c) wwf-canon / juan pratginestos tropical deforestation
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LATIN AMERICA AND GLOBAL GHG LATIN AMERICA AND GLOBAL GHG EMISSIONSEMISSIONS
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(c) WWF-Canon / Juan PRATGINESTOS
TROPICALDEFORESTATION
GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS AND GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS AND DEFORESTATIONDEFORESTATION
~80% Fossil Fuel ~20% Land Deforestation
DEFORESTATION VS FOSSIL FUELSDEFORESTATION VS FOSSIL FUELS
699.5
374.5
190.8
116.1
39.3 26.4
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Indonesia Brazil Malaysia Myanmar Venezuela Mexico
MAJOR DEFORESTATION COUNTRIES (2000)
WRI (2005)GHGs (MtC eq)
DEFORESTATION IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON DEFORESTATION IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON (2003)(2003)
Fonte: INPE PRODES Digital, 2004.Fonte: INPE PRODES Digital, 2004.
DeforestationDeforestation 2002/20032002/2003
Deforestation until 2002Deforestation until 2002
•2.4 millions ha/yr deforested
•60 millions ha deforested
•16% of Brazilian Amazon
2050 BUSINESS AS USUAL
•Deforested 2,698,735 km2 (16 PgC by 2050)•Forest 3,320,409 km2
•Non-forest 1,497,685 km2
500 km Soares-Filho et al. 2004
2050 ALTERNATIVE SCENARIO
•Deforested 1,655,734 km2 (Reduction: 40%)•Forest 4,363,410 km2
•Non-forest 1,497,685 km2
500 km Soares-Filho et al. 2004
Solutions:- Public governance & Law enforcement- Land use management- Sustainable forest management- Protected areas
ENERGY SECTOR
IN BRASIL
By 2020- Growth in power consumption slashed by 40%- Power avoided = five times the Itaipu hydropower plant - USD 15 Billion savings, 10M new jobs
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2004 BAU PSW - 2020
Hydropower
Natural Gas
Oil
Coal
Nuclear
Biomass
Wind power
Small hydro
SolarFotovoltáicoImports
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2004 2020BAU Scenario PSW Scenario
SOLUTION 1 DOMESTIC APPLIANCES
Represent a 1/3 of residential power demand
According to IEA, potential for large power savings
By 2020, ambitious efficiency standards would:
Reduce average refrigerator consumption by 40%
Energy savings of over 4.5 Billion USD
• 1/3 of home electricity bills, 8% of national power needs
• Consumers’ cost ~ $ 10
• $ 1800 in electricity generation and distribution
• Electric water heating for 5 million new homes = one large dam in the Amazon or 5 coal fired power station
THE PROBLEM ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS
SOLUTION 2SOLAR WATER HEATERS
• Consumers’ cost ~ 1100 for 4-people solar water heater
• Monthly power bill cut by up to 50%, bay-back period of 3 years
• Architectural and consumers’ credit barriers
• Growing production/trade of biofuels
• Biofuels are a climate solution provided the reduce GHGs emissions
• Potential pilot project in Brazil to produce sustianable biofuels (eg biofuels supply for the bus fleet of the London Greater Authority
SOLUTION 3BIOFUELS