Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 21st CenturyBy: Hannah Mullen, Sophia Denney,

Sarah Winton, Katelyn Sallee, & Noah Boggs

Latin America: 20th Century World War II ends-

Latin America is not hugely involved

Political agitation increases

• Argentina• Goal was

development• Military begins

to return government to civilian politicians

Mexico and the PRI PRI still controlled Mexico But loosens hold near end of 20th

century Gov. joins NAFTA

› economic growth PRI’s control ceases almost entirely

with election of Vicente Fox in 2000

Radical Unrest Surge of unrest- socialist

nature Events in:

› Bolivia 1952 revolution>>> land

redistribution and mine nationalization

› Guatemala Region’s worst problems

› Cuba Caught up in Cold War

struggles, many reforms

Guatemala-In Depth Economy dependent on bananas and

coffee Series of military governments can’t solve

problems› Juan Jose Arevalo:

Pres. of Guatemala, elected 1944 Philosophy of “spiritual socialism” Encourages labor movement Institutes social reforms

Directed against companies like United Fruit Company (Guatemala’s most important economic concern during 20th century)

The Cuban Revolution 1956-1959 Causes: people want democracy and

freedom, to get rid of dictator Fulgencio Batista› Fidel Castro leads revolution and promises

democracy (lie) › Ernesto “Che” Guavara helps him lead the

26th of July Movement Effects: new ruler (Castro), Marxist

regime, eventually extreme poverty

Videos Fidel Castro Castro and the Cuban Revolution

Characteristics of the Period Catholic church had more political

influence› JPII criticizes system of liberation theology-

combined Catholic and socialist concepts Common theme of military leaders who

had support of US› Nationalistic, but hardly any economic

growth

The New Democratic Trends By 1990s, democratic trends well

established› Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Nicaragua,

Guatemala, & Panama Still problems

› Leftist rebel groups (Columbia, Peru)› Cuba remains communist› Struggling economies- inflation

US & Latin America Military intervention to protect interests Other interventions:

› 1930s: US Good Neighbor Policy FDR started this to repair US image in Latin

America› 1960s: Alliance for Progress- begun by US

develop Latin America as alternative to radical political solutions

limited success› 1970s: US-built Panama Canal opened to

Panamanian Gov.

US & Latin America- (continued)

US supports Chilean military revolt- overthrew the president (Salvador Allende) in 1973

US-supported or created governments in Latin America were called banana republics

Important People Augusto Sandino- led a guerrilla

resistance movement against US occupation forces in Nicaragua

Vicente Fox- leader of the Conservative National Action party; his election in 2000 marked the end of PRI dominance in Mexico

Juan Peron- led in Argentina, overthrown by a military group in 1955 but Peronism (his program/ideas) continued for decades after.

Society & Culture Women’s roles

› Denied the vote until 1929 in Ecuador› Feminist movements › Industrial jobs expand to include women› Still discrimination, hard to change attitudes

Majority Catholic, but Protestants make inroads

Music and dance important part of popular culture

Writers gain world recognition

Works Cited "Fidel Castro." 2013. The Biography Channel

website. Apr 19 2013, 12:22. "Cuban Revolution (Summary)." History Wars

Weapons. Anonymous User, 18 Nov. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2013.

“Castro and the Cuban Revolution.” 2013. The History Channel website. Apr 19 2013, 12:27

"Latin America: Revolution and Reaction in the 20th Century." Appleton Area School District. Web. <http://www.aasd.k12.wi.us/staff/hermansenjoel/Notes/Latin%20America%20in%20the%2020th%20century.pdf>.

http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wcap-4/