latin american independence - rigganclass | "there is ... · latin american colonies spanish...

13
Latin American Independence Inspired by Enlightenment, American and French Revolutions

Upload: hadung

Post on 26-Jun-2018

214 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Latin American Independence

Inspired by Enlightenment,

American and French Revolutions

Page 2: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Latin American Colonies

Spanish held power in

Caribbean islands

Mexico

Central America

South America

Very rigid European control;

social classes determined by race (see diagram in notebook, p. 83)

Page 3: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

“First Upheavals”

Tupac Amaru—a mestizo who led a rebellion in Peru

--unsuccessful; he was executed

In Colombia, criollos/creoles also rebelled against Spanish unsuccessfully; leaders were executed

Page 4: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Haiti (French Colony)

Vincent Ogé—wanted to apply Declaration of the Rights of Man to Haiti—tortured to death

Page 5: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Haiti • Colony produced great

wealth for France with sugar plantations

• Toussaint L’Ouverture—former slave, led a SUCCESSFUL slave rebellion

• Only successful slave rebellion ever

• Haiti gained independence by 1804

• L’Ouverture captured and died in prison

Page 6: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

South America (1808-1824)

Simón Bólívar—inspired by American and French Revolutions to fight for independence from Spain

Fought and won independence for Gran Colombia (Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia)

Page 7: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

(South America Cont’d)

● José de San Martín—led fight for

independence for Argentina;

● To remain free, also pushed Spanish out

of Chile and Peru with Bólívar’s help

Page 8: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Mexico Unrest in Spain because

of Napoleon’s wars in Europe gave Mexicans a “window of opportunity”

In 1810, Miguel Hidalgo (a priest)—organized revolt of Indians and Mestizos against Spanish rule

Revolt was unsuccessful and he was executed

Page 9: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Mexico (cont’d)

Padre José Morelos, also a priest, took control of revolt with a trained army.

He created a congress and wrote a declaration of rights.

He was captured and killed.

Page 10: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Creoles (who held power) and church officials feared losing their position/power/ property

In 1821, Agustín Iturbide took control and defeated Spanish

Mexico became independent with the Treaty of Cordova. Iturbide was proclaimed emperor.

At that time, Mexico included Central America.

Page 11: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Central America

Formed the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

Fell apart 1838-40 when Nicaragua tried to separate from the rest

Page 12: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Brazil (1822) Portuguese royal family fled to

Brazil to escape Napoleon’s armies

When they returned to Portugal, king intended for Brazil to return to colony status

Pedro I—son of Portuguese king—declared independence for Brazil

Bloodless revolution

Pedro I became Emperor of Brazil

Page 13: Latin American Independence - RigganClass | "There is ... · Latin American Colonies Spanish held power in Caribbean islands Mexico Central America South America Very rigid European

Latin American independence was inspired by the Enlightenment, American and French Revolutions

Took about 25 years

Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish control