Latin Words YAY!

Cartography

- “carto”– paper

- “graphein” – to write

- Cartography is the study and practice of mapping

Latin Words YAY!

Latitude

- Latus – “wide”

- Also known as parallels

Longitude

- Longus – “length”

- Also known a meridians

Lat/Long

Latitude

- Latitude lines are also known as parallels since they don’t ever cross or touch each other.

Range from 0-90 degrees

Longitude

- Longitude lines are also known as meridians with the 0 being the prime meridian.

Range from 0-180 degrees

Lines of

longitude only

Equator added

Other lines of

latitude added

Cross-

section

s

through

lines of

latitude

Cross-section

through line of

longitude

Orange cut

through

lines of

longitude

Orange cut through lines of latitude

East West, North South on The Earth

Let the X axis be the Equator.

Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian that runs through Greenwich outside of London. Greenwich Mean time is the base time for the global world. Aviation and military uses it.

Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you can locate any point on earth.

Y

X

North Pole

South Pole

Equator

latitude

longitude

Pri

me

Me

rid

ian

Each degree divided into =

60 minutes

Then each minute into 60

seconds

Symbols◦ ‘ ‘’

International Date Line

is an imaginary line on Earth's surface defining the boundary between one day and the next. ...

located halfway around the world from the prime meridian (0° longitude) or about 180° east (or west)

East West, North South on the Earth

Step one - find the latitude which is north/south from the equator.

Step two – find the longitude which is the east/west from the prime meridian

N

S

EW

East West, North South on the Earth

Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West.

N

S

EW

East West, North South on the Earth

The N tells us we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator.

The E tells us that we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian.

(N, W) (N, E)

(S, W) (S, E)

East West, North South on the Earth

That means all points in North

America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian.

(N, W)

Prime Meridian

East West, North South on the Earth

What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia?

Prime Meridian

If you said South and East , you’re right!

What is Latitude?Latitude is the distance from the

equator along the Y axis.

All points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees latitude.

North pole = 90°N

South pole = 90°S

Values are expressed in terms of degrees.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

What is Latitude?

Each degree of latitude is divided into

60 minutes.

Each minute is divided into 60 seconds.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

This is also true of longitude.

What is Latitude?

For Example:

39°, 02’,51’’N

This is close to the latitude where you live.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

What is Longitude?

Longitude is the distance from the prime meridian along the X axis.

All points along the prime meridian have a

value of 0 degrees longitude.

The earth is divided into two parts, or

hemispheres, of east and west longitude.

Y

X

180°W 180°E

What is Longitude?

The earth is divided into 360 equal slices

(meridians)

180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian

Y

X

180°W 180°E

What is Latitude?

Our latitude and longitude might be:

29°, 57’,56’’ N

95°, 33’, 56’’W

Y

X

90°S

90°N

So Where is (0,0)?The origin point (0,0) is where the equator intersects the

prime meridian.

(0,0) is off the western coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.

Equator Latitude 0o

Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)

Latitude 23½o NorthTropic of Cancer

Latitude 23½o SouthTropic of Capricorn

Longitude 30o East

Longitude 60o East

Longitude 30o West

Longitude 60o West

Positioning on the Earth’s Surface

East is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole

South Pole

23½o

23½o

66½o90o

900

21st June

22nd December

22nd Sept

20th March

30oE60oE90oE90oW30oW60oW

Longitude 90oEastLongitude 90o West

Prime Meridian

0o Longitude

Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)

Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.

Now you’re ready to find some

locations on a map!

Remote Sensing

collect data by detecting the energy that is reflected from Earth. These sensors can be on satellites or mounted on aircraft.

Examples: Photographs, radiometers, Echo sounds, Lasers, SONAR, RADAR, ultrasound, geodetic, seismograms.

Remote sensors can be either passive or active.

Passive sensors

respond to external stimuli. They record natural energy that is reflected or emitted from the Earth's surface. The most common source of radiation detected by passive sensors is reflected sunlight.

Examples: Photograph, geodetic, seismograms

Active sensors

use internal stimuli to collect data about Earth. For example, a laser-beam remote sensing system projects a laser onto the surface of Earth and measures the time that it takes for the laser to reflect back to its sensor.

Examples: SONAR, RADAR, ultrasound