Launching a New RepublicLaunching a New Republic

Challenges to the New GovernmentChallenges to the New Government The Federalists in ChargeThe Federalists in Charge

The Northwest Territory is still a big The Northwest Territory is still a big issueissue

Spain, France, Britain, Native Spain, France, Britain, Native Americans all still had some Americans all still had some claims to sections of America claims to sections of America west of the Appalachianswest of the Appalachians

The Native Americans even The Native Americans even hoped to form their own hoped to form their own independent nation in the independent nation in the Northwest Territory.Northwest Territory.

No matter what was tried, No matter what was tried, there were disagreements there were disagreements over this land, and if there over this land, and if there were fights, the Native were fights, the Native Americans usually lost.Americans usually lost.

One of the bigger battles over the One of the bigger battles over the area:area:

The Battle of Fallen TimbersThe Battle of Fallen Timbers There were still some British There were still some British

in the area, who traded with in the area, who traded with the Natives.the Natives.

When there was a battle – When there was a battle – the Native Americans were the Native Americans were hoping for help from there hoping for help from there ““friendsfriends”” – the British. – the British.

But they found out the But they found out the British didnBritish didn’’t really want to t really want to get into another war and get into another war and would back off if they had to would back off if they had to fight the Americans.fight the Americans.

After the Battle of Fallen After the Battle of Fallen Timbers, Native Americans Timbers, Native Americans signed a treaty that gave up signed a treaty that gave up what is now Ohio and Indiana what is now Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. Governmentto the U.S. Government

The new government needed money The new government needed money for several things – including fighting for several things – including fighting

for the Northwest Territoryfor the Northwest Territory One way Hamilton One way Hamilton

wanted to make wanted to make money: tax the people.money: tax the people.

Hamilton put a tax on Hamilton put a tax on whiskey.whiskey.

To farmers, whiskey To farmers, whiskey was very important – was very important – and not just for and not just for drinking.drinking.

It could also be used in It could also be used in trade and as money.trade and as money.

A group of farmers became very A group of farmers became very upset with the new tax and tried upset with the new tax and tried

to fight backto fight back The caught and tarred The caught and tarred

and feathered some tax and feathered some tax collectors.collectors.

They threatened an They threatened an armed attack.armed attack.

So… Washington sent in So… Washington sent in troops to put down troops to put down the the Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey Rebellion rebellion, which showed…rebellion, which showed…

The new government was The new government was willing to stand up for its willing to stand up for its new rules and laws.new rules and laws.

About the same time…About the same time…The French decided to have a The French decided to have a

revolutionrevolution.. Inspired by what the Inspired by what the

Americans had done, Americans had done, the French also had the French also had ideas of liberty and ideas of liberty and equality.equality.

The French Revolution The French Revolution became very violent became very violent (and was inspired by the (and was inspired by the American Revolution).American Revolution).

Thousands of French Thousands of French citizens were citizens were massacred.massacred.

They even executed their King (Luis They even executed their King (Luis XVI).XVI).

Marie Antoinette: was Marie Antoinette: was spending all of Francespending all of France’’s s money at a time of great money at a time of great financial problems. financial problems.

She asked why the people She asked why the people were protesting and was were protesting and was told it was because told it was because ““the the poor had no bread.poor had no bread.””

She replied: She replied: ““Then let Then let them eat cake.them eat cake.””

Other European kings and queens were Other European kings and queens were thinking if the French leaders were killed by thinking if the French leaders were killed by

their own people – they might be nexttheir own people – they might be next

So they declared So they declared war on France. war on France.

So what do the So what do the Americans do?Americans do?

•We owed the French government a favor because they helped us against Britain in our Revolution.

•We felt the French citizens should also have the right to liberty and equality•Britain was our main source of trade money and we didn’t want to take a chance on that

So… America decided toSo… America decided to

Remain neutral – friendly Remain neutral – friendly and impartial to both and impartial to both sides.sides.

But wait…But wait… it can it can’’t be t be just that easy – to not get just that easy – to not get involved.involved.

The British were mad at us The British were mad at us and decided to start and decided to start attacking our ships. attacking our ships.

We had some meetings We had some meetings with them to discuss that, with them to discuss that, and we also talked with and we also talked with them about the Northwest them about the Northwest Territory (where they were Territory (where they were still hanging out).still hanging out).

It was agreed – by 1796 It was agreed – by 1796 that the British would that the British would leave the territory – and leave the territory – and pay for the ships they pay for the ships they damaged.damaged.

Now – more settlers could Now – more settlers could move into the area?move into the area?

By this time, Washington had been president By this time, Washington had been president for 8 years, and decided he had enoughfor 8 years, and decided he had enough

Some people had Some people had disagreements with some of disagreements with some of WashingtonWashington’’s decisions as s decisions as president and started to president and started to criticize his leadership.criticize his leadership.

Washington knew that was Washington knew that was starting, and even warned starting, and even warned that that ““political disagreements political disagreements could weaken the nation.could weaken the nation.””

His His foreign policy foreign policy was: he was: he wanted the United States to wanted the United States to stay out of everyone else's stay out of everyone else's business – and not make business – and not make agreements with other agreements with other nationsnations

Attitude and relationships towards other countries

As often happens when someone gives up As often happens when someone gives up power, therepower, there’’s a struggle for who will take s a struggle for who will take

over.over.

Alexander Alexander HamiltonHamilton

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (and James (and James Madison was also Madison was also on his side)on his side)

Two men had completely different ideas about how the Two men had completely different ideas about how the United States should be run.United States should be run.

Even still – they completely respected each other and worked Even still – they completely respected each other and worked together on many things.together on many things.

From these two men came the formation of From these two men came the formation of

Political Parties Political Parties From these two men came the formation of From these two men came the formation of

Political Parties Political Parties

HamiltonHamilton’’ss ““FederalistsFederalists””

Government should Government should promote industry and promote industry and trade.trade.

Government should be run Government should be run by and for the rich.by and for the rich.

Strong central government Strong central government and weak state and weak state governments.governments.

Giving few people the Giving few people the right to vote.right to vote.

Limits on freedom of Limits on freedom of speech and the press.speech and the press.

Favored England in foreign Favored England in foreign affairs.affairs.

Feared democracy.Feared democracy.

JeffersonJefferson’’ss DemocraticDemocratic-Republicans-Republicans

Government should promote Government should promote farming and small business.farming and small business.

Average people should run Average people should run the government.the government.

Strong state and local gvts Strong state and local gvts and weak federal gvt.and weak federal gvt.

Giving many people the Giving many people the right to vote.right to vote.

Freedom of speech and the Freedom of speech and the press.press.

Favored France in foreign Favored France in foreign affairs.affairs.

Favored democracy.Favored democracy.

(Groups who want to influence the way

government is run)

In the next election…In the next election…

The federalists The federalists picked John Adams picked John Adams to runto run

The Democratic-The Democratic-Republicans Republicans chose Thomas chose Thomas JeffersonJefferson

Adams won and became president.

Jefferson came in 2nd, so he became vice-president – the way presidential elections were set up in those days.

When Adams became president, they were just When Adams became president, they were just finishing up the first stages of building Washington finishing up the first stages of building Washington

D.C.D.C.

So Adams became the So Adams became the first president to live first president to live in the in the ““presidential presidential mansionmansion””

The original presidential “home” in

Philadelphia (Washington and

Adams both refused to live there)White House Museum site

When Washington left office in 1797, the When Washington left office in 1797, the U.S. and the French werenU.S. and the French weren’’t getting along t getting along

too well.too well.

There was even a There was even a possibility of war.possibility of war.

The conflict made The conflict made President Adams (and President Adams (and the Federalists) the Federalists) popular.popular.

The Democratic-The Democratic-Republicans didnRepublicans didn’’t like t like that and tried to gain that and tried to gain some power.some power.

To get even with them, To get even with them, Adams and the Adams and the Federalist Congress Federalist Congress passed….passed….

The Alien and Sedition Acts The Alien and Sedition Acts (Targeting aliens and immigrants)(Targeting aliens and immigrants)

Waiting period to become a Waiting period to become a citizen went from 5 to 14 citizen went from 5 to 14 years.years.

The President could arrest The President could arrest disloyal aliens…disloyal aliens…

or order them out of the or order them out of the country during war time.country during war time.

Sedition was outlawed Sedition was outlawed (saying or writing false (saying or writing false things about the things about the government).government).

These really limited These really limited peoplepeople’’s freedom of speech s freedom of speech and freedom of the press.and freedom of the press.

The Democratic-Republicans The Democratic-Republicans (led by Jefferson and Madison) (led by Jefferson and Madison) found a way to fight these acts.found a way to fight these acts.

Said: there were state Said: there were state rights even the federal rights even the federal government couldngovernment couldn’’t t take away.take away.

Argued they violated Argued they violated the Constitution (which the Constitution (which they kind of did).they kind of did).

Within 2 years, the Within 2 years, the Democratic-Democratic-Republicans controlled Republicans controlled Congress, and these Congress, and these laws expired.laws expired.