launching the nation (1789–1800)

CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM

HOLT

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

LAUNCHING THE NATIONLAUNCHING THE NATION(1789–1800)(1789–1800)Section 1:Section 1: Laying the Foundations of GovernmentLaying the Foundations of Government

Section 2:Section 2: Hamilton and National FinancesHamilton and National Finances

Section 3:Section 3: Troubles AbroadTroubles Abroad

Section 4:Section 4: The Gold RushThe Gold Rush

Section 5:Section 5: John Adams’s PresidencyJohn Adams’s Presidency

Chapter 9


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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Why did Americans elect George Washington Why did Americans elect George Washington

as their first president?as their first president? What did Americans expect of the new What did Americans expect of the new

government?government? What steps did Congress and the president What steps did Congress and the president

take to organize the new government?take to organize the new government?

Section 1: Laying the Section 1: Laying the Foundations of GovernmentFoundations of Government


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George WashingtonGeorge Washington George Washington was elected president George Washington was elected president

because of his character, honesty, and because of his character, honesty, and patriotism.patriotism.

In addition, people felt he would be a good In addition, people felt he would be a good role model.role model.



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American Expectations American Expectations of the New Governmentof the New GovernmentThe Americans expected their government to:The Americans expected their government to: protect libertyprotect liberty provide a stable economy, provide a stable economy, establish fair tax and trade laws establish fair tax and trade laws grant them the right to settle western landgrant them the right to settle western land



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Steps Taken to Organize Steps Taken to Organize the New Governmentthe New Government Planning the executive branch and creating Planning the executive branch and creating

the president’s cabinetthe president’s cabinet Organizing the judicial branch (Judiciary Act Organizing the judicial branch (Judiciary Act

of 1789)of 1789)



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What challenge did Alexander Hamilton face as What challenge did Alexander Hamilton face as

secretary of the treasury, and what issues did his plans secretary of the treasury, and what issues did his plans raise?raise?

What issues did Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson What issues did Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagree on, and what were their views?disagree on, and what were their views?

What questions were raised when the Bank of the What questions were raised when the Bank of the United States was founded, and what different views United States was founded, and what different views did Hamilton and Jefferson have concerning the Bank?did Hamilton and Jefferson have concerning the Bank?

Section 2: Section 2: Hamilton and National FinancesHamilton and National Finances


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Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton faced the following challenges and issue:faced the following challenges and issue: ChallengesChallenges

paying off the national debtpaying off the national debt putting the country on a solid financial footingputting the country on a solid financial footing

Issue: value of government bondsIssue: value of government bonds



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Disagreements between Hamilton and JeffersonDisagreements between Hamilton and JeffersonPaying Off Foreign DebtPaying Off Foreign Debt

HamiltonHamilton – wanted to pay debt immediately and – wanted to pay debt immediately and repay full value of bondsrepay full value of bonds

JeffersonJefferson – thought Hamilton’s idea cheated the – thought Hamilton’s idea cheated the original bondholdersoriginal bondholders

Power of the Central GovernmentPower of the Central GovernmentHamiltonHamilton – believed in a strong central government – believed in a strong central government JeffersonJefferson – wanted to protect powers of the state – wanted to protect powers of the state



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Disagreements between Hamilton and JeffersonDisagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson Economic GrowthEconomic Growth

HamiltonHamilton – favored new forms of economic – favored new forms of economic growth, promoted Manufacturing, business and growth, promoted Manufacturing, business and protective tariffsprotective tariffs

JeffersonJefferson – promoted farming and low tariffs – promoted farming and low tariffs


(continued)


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Concern about Establishing a National BankConcern about Establishing a National BankThe idea of establishing a national bank caused The idea of establishing a national bank caused concern because it was not believed that the U.S. concern because it was not believed that the U.S. Constitution gave Congress this power.Constitution gave Congress this power.



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did Americans and President How did Americans and President

Washington respond to events in France?Washington respond to events in France? What policy did Washington follow toward What policy did Washington follow toward

foreign nations?foreign nations? How did the United States settle its How did the United States settle its

differences with Great Britain and Spain?differences with Great Britain and Spain?

Section 3: Section 3: Troubles AbroadTroubles Abroad


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Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation Americans had mixed reactions to the French Americans had mixed reactions to the French

Revolution which led President Washington Revolution which led President Washington to issue the to issue the Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation..

Washington believed that neutrality with Washington believed that neutrality with countries at war in Europe was the safest plan.countries at war in Europe was the safest plan.


Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation (1793) – statement made by (1793) – statement made by Washington that the U.S. would not side with any of the Washington that the U.S. would not side with any of the nations at war in Europe following the French Revolutionnations at war in Europe following the French Revolution


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Differences with the United States and Differences with the United States and Great Britain and Spain were settle by:Great Britain and Spain were settle by: Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty (1794) – agreement negotiated (1794) – agreement negotiated

by John Jay to work out problems between by John Jay to work out problems between Britain and the U.S. over the western frontier Britain and the U.S. over the western frontier trade in the Caribbean, British seizure of U.S. trade in the Caribbean, British seizure of U.S. trips, and debts owed to British merchants.trips, and debts owed to British merchants.



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Differences with the United States and Differences with the United States and Great Britain and Spain were settle by:Great Britain and Spain were settle by: Pickney’s TreatyPickney’s Treaty (1795) – agreement between (1795) – agreement between

the U.S. and Spain that changed Florida’s the U.S. and Spain that changed Florida’s border and made it easier for American ships border and made it easier for American ships to use the port of New Orleans.to use the port of New Orleans.


(continued)


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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What domestic problems did the United States What domestic problems did the United States

face?face? What advice did Washington give the nation What advice did Washington give the nation

in his Farewell Address?in his Farewell Address?

Section 4: Section 4: The Gold RushThe Gold Rush


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Domestic Problems in the United StatesDomestic Problems in the United States Indian WarsIndian Wars Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion



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In In Washington’s Farwell AddressWashington’s Farwell Address he he urged the nation to:urged the nation to: work out its differences work out its differences protect its independenceprotect its independence



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did political parties form, and what role did How did political parties form, and what role did

they play in the 1796 presidential election?they play in the 1796 presidential election? What problems with foreign nations did John What problems with foreign nations did John

Adams face during his presidency?Adams face during his presidency? What were the Alien and Sedition Acts, and how did What were the Alien and Sedition Acts, and how did

Republicans respond to them?Republicans respond to them? What were the main issues in the election of 1800, What were the main issues in the election of 1800,

and what were some of its outcomes?and what were some of its outcomes?

Section 5: Section 5: John Adams’s PresidencyJohn Adams’s Presidency


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Political Parties Political Parties Political parties began to form during Political parties began to form during Washington’s presidency and influenced voters Washington’s presidency and influenced voters in the presidential election of 1796.in the presidential election of 1796.



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Problems with Foreign Nations Problems with Foreign Nations Adams faced a war with France but the war was Adams faced a war with France but the war was halted with a treaty in 1800.halted with a treaty in 1800.



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Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts ( (1798) – laws passed 1798) – laws passed

by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at protecting the government for treasonous protecting the government for treasonous ideas, actions, and people; used against ideas, actions, and people; used against members of the Democratic-Republican partymembers of the Democratic-Republican party

The Republicans responded with the The Republicans responded with the Kentucky and Virginia ResolutionsKentucky and Virginia Resolutions..



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Election of 1800Election of 1800 Issues Issues

legality of the legality of the Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts permanent armypermanent army higher taxeshigher taxes foreign relations between the U.S. and Franceforeign relations between the U.S. and France

OutcomesOutcomes Republican tie between Jefferson and BurrRepublican tie between Jefferson and Burr Twelfth Amendment – 1803Twelfth Amendment – 1803 weakened Federalists weakened Federalists


launching the nation (1789–1800)

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