laundry-to-landscape greywater design and installationlaundry-to-landscape greywater design and...
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©CC-BY-NC 4.0
Laundry-to-Landscape
Greywater Design and Installation
www.greywateraction.org 1
Presentation by Laura Allen and Cris Sarabia November 18th, 2015
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Guiding Questions for your Design
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How can you maximize
water savings with your
greywater system?
How can you increase the
ecological productivity of
your landscape?
(What will you irrigate?)
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Other Greywater Systems
There are many other types of systems besides the L2L
They require permits and
▪ Can be simple and gravity based
▪ Can incorporate pumps
▪ With proper filtration, can use greywater compatible drip irrigation tubing
We will not be discussing these systems today.
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Soaps and Products
Things to avoid for happy plants:
▪ Salt (sodium compounds, sodium based water softeners)
▪ Boron (borate)
▪ Chlorine bleach (hydrogen peroxide bleach okay)
Recommended products: Low salt/boron free
▪ Liquid laundry detergent
o Oasis, ECOS, Trader Joes' liquid detergent, Biopac, Vaska, Puretergent, and more
▪ Soap alternatives
o Soap nuts, “wonder balls”
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Mulch
Pieces of wood chips, or other organic matter, like straw.
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Mulch Basin
Shallow basin dug near the plant.
This is where we discharge greywater so the mulch can soak it up and filter out the particles.
This man is filling the basin with woodchips.
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Laundry-to-Landscape (L2L)
A washing machine system that doesn't alter the plumbing and doesn’t require a permit (if basic
guidelines are followed, in a 1 or 2 family home).
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Loose fitting connection to the
sewer/septic
Greywater goes to landscape
Diverter valve
Anti-siphon vent installed on the landscape side of the valve
Connections Inside the House
Washer drain hose
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Before You Start- Clean the Pump Filter
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Pump filter
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Connect the 3-way Valve
1”-brass 3-way valve
Hose clamp
Washer hose (from machine)
1” PVC male adapter
1”PVC barbed male adapter
1”schedule 40 PVC pipe
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Teflon tape helps prevent leaks.
✓Wrap tape CLOCKWISE around threads.
✓Wrap several times over threads.
✓Don't “cross-thread” when screwing fitting into 3-way valve.
✓Tighten with channel locks.
Teflon Tape Threaded Fittings
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3-way Valve Configurations
1. Valve must be above “flood rim” of
machine.
2. Washer hose must connect to middle
port
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3-way Valve Configurations
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Washer hose connected to middle port
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3-way Valve Configurations
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Second washer hose used for sewer connection
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PVC-Free Version : BluLock
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Image credit Leonard Edmonson
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Tips for Connecting Washer Hose
1. Select correct size adapter to fit the washer's hose
▪ Usually 1”, sometimes ¾” and very rarely 1 ¼”
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2. If its difficult to slip hose over barb, soften hose with hot water, then forcefully push it on barb
3. Secure with hose clamp
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Troubleshooting Tips
If washer hose connection leaks:
3. 1st Tighten hose clamps, add 2nd hose clamp
4. 2nd Connect with piece of vinyl tubing
Vinyl bridge
between
barb and
washer hose
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Drill Hole for Pipe (through the wall/floor)
▪ Look for potential issues (electrical lines, gas pipes, etc.)
▪ Drill a 1/4” pilot hole
▪ If no obstructions, drill hole for 1” PVC with 1½” holesaw (Drill from outside in, and inside out for a clean looking hole)
▪ Use proper bit for your wall/floor (wood bit, stucco bit, etc.)
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Anti-siphon Component
This piece is called an Auto-Vent, in-line vent or AAV)
It's function is to prevent a siphon from forming and sucking water out of the machine when it tries to refill.
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Autovent (1 ½” threads)
1 ½” FPT (female pipe threads) by slip coupling
Reducing bushing 1 ½” x 1” slip
Assemble the Anti-siphon Component
1” schedule 40 PVC pipe
1” PVC tee
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Flow from 3-way valve
Going to the landscape
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Placement of Anti-siphon
▪ Can be inside or outside (may need freeze protection)
▪ Must be at the high point of the system
▪ Must be accessible/visible in case of future leaks (e.g. not behind a wall)
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Plumb from Valve to Hole
Cutting PVC pipe:
✓ Use PVC cutters or handsaw
✓ Remember to calculate the length of pipe that will “slip” into the fitting when figuring your measurements
✓ Use as few fittings as possible to minimize friction
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Plumb from Valve to Sewer Connection
Clean and dry pipe ✓ Apply glue to the inside of the fitting “hub”
first
✓ Then apply glue to the outside of the pipe
✓ Push together quickly, inserting all the way and hold a second as it will try to push out
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Gluing PVC
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Strap Valve and/or Pipe
✓ Use 2-hole straps or plumbers tape
✓ Add wood blocking as necessary
✓ Strap so valve is secure
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Label Pipe and 3-way Valve
Label above ground pipe: “CAUTION: Non-potable graywater, do not drink”
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Label valve: show direction of greywater
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Stacked washer in closet- limited space
Sewer
GW pipe
exits wall
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Atypical valve installation due to site constraints
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Image: Ty Teissere
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Estimate Greywater Production
1. Number of loads of laundry done each week?
2. Number of gallons per load?
▪ Top loading machine uses ≈ 40 gallons/load
▪ Front loading machine uses ≈ 15 gallons/load
▪ Top efficient machines uses ≈ 25 gallons/load
3. Future changes?
▪ New machine? Change in usage?
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Estimate Greywater Production
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Formula: # of loads per week x gallons per load = gallons/week of greywater
Example: 4 loads/week X 25 gallons/load = 100 gallons/week of greywater
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Choosing Plants for L2L Greywater Irrigation
Good options:
1. 1st Trees (fruit trees are nice!)
2. 2nd Shrubs/bushes
3. 3rd Perennials and large annuals
4. Food crops are fine as long as greywater doesn't touch the edible portion
Plants with larger root zones thrive with laundry watering patterns.
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Choosing Plants for L2L Greywater Irrigation
Not as good options:
1. Lawns
2. Drought established (eg. never irrigated)
3. Small plants or in pots
4. Sensitive plants
5. Root crops (not allowed by code)
6. Raised beds- depending on the situation
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What would you water here?
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Plant Water Requirements
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How much should you water?
Do you live in a cool, warm, or hot place?
Cool= San Francisco (foggy summers)
Warm= Oakland or Los Angeles type climate
Hot= Imperial Valley, most summer days over 100
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Plant Water Requirements
Weekly peak irrigation needs (per square foot of planted area):
Cool climate (e.g. San Francisco)
• Water 1/4 gallon
Warm climate (e.g. Oakland or Los Angeles)
• Water 1/2 gallon
Hot climate (e.g. Imperial Valley)
• Water 1 gallon
Note: For low-water use plants cut this estimate in half.
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1 foot x 8 feet = 8 sq.ft
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Finding Peak Plant Water Requirements
Example: Raspberry plant
San Francisco: 1/4 gallon x 8 square feet = 2 gallons/week
Los Angeles: 1/2 gallon x 8 square feet = 4 gallons/week
Imperial Valley 1 gallon x 8 square feet = 8 gallons/week 1 foot x 8 feet = 8 sq.ft
Note: For low-water use plants cut this estimate in half.
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Improper Designs Won't Save Water
GW outlets planted
in the middle of
turf grass
Image credit City of Long Beach office of Sustainability
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Top loading machine
Front loading machine
No more than 20 distribution points (Reduce to 10 for top-efficient machine)
No more than 8 distribution points (reduce
to 4 for ultra-efficient machines)
Number of Outlets
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Setbacks for Irrigation Fields
Example from CA Plumbing Code
▪ 2 ft from buildings
▪ 1.5 ft from property lines
▪ 100 ft from wells or creeks
▪ 5 ft from septic tank
▪ 4 ft from leach field
▪ 3 ft above groundwater table
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Piping to Landscape
▪ Pipe around obstacles
▪ Try to maintain a downwards slope when ever possible
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Hardscape
▪ Go under it
▪ Go around it
▪ Remove it
▪ Cut a strip of it
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Note: If the distribution points are uphill a L2L system is not recommended.
Be mindful of the washing machine pump!
▪ In a flat yard, distribution should be within 50 feet
▪ If site slopes downward to distribution points no rule on distance
• Serpentine tubing to slow greywater flow on downhill slopes
▪ Leave a 1” open end to protect the machine's pump. This can be an irrigation point and should be located in a mulch shield in a mulch basin.
Slope Considerations
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Trench and Install Tubing to Basins
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Note: If there are any elevation changes between basins, run the tubing to the highest point and then come down.
Stake tubing
Open 1” end of line
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Cut in 1x ½” tees, Add ½” tubing as
needed
Tips for working with tubing:
•No kinks (cut them out)
•Dip end of tube in hot water to soften plastic
•Minimize 1/2” tubing
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Locate Basins in “Drip Line” of Plants
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How to Size a Mulch Basin
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Image credit: Ty Teissere
Make each basin large enough to soak up greywater without ponding or runoff.
Clay soils need larger basins.
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A point of clarification:
Use WEEKLY greywater production to decide how many plants to water.
Use DAILY MAXIMUM FLOW to determine size of mulch basins.
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Sizing Mulch Basins
Clay soil (slow drainage) ● 1 square foot per gallon ● 6 gallons to a tree, 6 square feet of basin
Sandy clay ● 1/2 square foot per gallon ● 6 gallons to a tree, 3 square feet of basin
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Mulch Shield- prevents roots from clogging outlet
Image from SFPUC manual on greywater
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Mulch Shield- Irrigation Valve Box
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Mulch Shield- Piece of 4” Drain Pipe
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Raised Beds
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Test and “Tune” System
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Images: ©James Provost from The Water-Wise Home
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Balance Flows
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1st- Adjust angle of tees 2nd- Add one or two ball valves to restrict flow from
outlets with too much flow
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Avoid Clogs
✓ Minimize use of ball valves
✓ Use full port valves (that have large orifice inside)
✓ Open outlet is best!!!!!
✓ Check for clogs when valves are used
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Follow Up
✓Bury tubing
✓Check for leaks inside
✓Paint exposed PVC pipe
✓Caulk holes
✓Post signs
✓Post maintenance manual
✓Get greywater friendly soap
✓Do laundry.. and water plants
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Code Summary (chap. 16 in CA plumbing code)
Do's
✓ Have 3-way valve
✓ Label system
✓ Discharge under 2" mulch/rock/cover
✓ Direct water to irrigation or disposal field
✓ Minimize contact
✓ Have a maintenance manual
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Code Summary (chap. 16 in CA plumbing code)
Don'ts ✓ Have ponding or runoff
✓ Discharge into neighbor's yard (must follow setbacks)
✓ Connect to potable water supply
✓ Include a pump
✓ Violate other codes/laws
✓ Damage building
✓ Alter existing plumbing
✓ Use diaper wash water or hazardous chemicals (oily rags, etc.)
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2-zone system for house producing lots of greywater
2nd 3-way valve in landscape creates zones. Must be switched manually.
Additional 1” line can be controlled with 1” ball valve to shut off or reduce flow.
Zone 1 Zone 2
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Greywater in
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What plants will you irrigate?
Use:
✓Gallons per week of greywater
✓Plant water requirements
✓Choose what plants you'll irrigate
✓ (for those with existing irrigation systems) try and find a zone you can shut off and replace with greywater
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Annual Maintenance
✓ Visually inspect valve and anti-siphon for leaks
✓ Check mulch basins. Dig out and replace composted mulch with fresh woodchips
✓ Check valves for clogs (unclog if necessary)
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For more information visitgreywateraction.org
Resources:
• San Francisco Graywater Design Guidelines for Outdoor Irrigation (downloadable manual- sfwater.org/graywater)
• The Water-Wise Home by Laura Allen. How-to book with instructions for greywater irrigation systems.
• Ask This Old House episode “Graywater, Small Engines”
• Kit for L2L www.cleanwatercomponents.com
• L2L DVD from Oasisdesign.net (originators of L2L and Branched drain systems)
• Greywater Action's Q&A forumwww.greywateraction.org 63