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Point Absorber
Overtopping DeviceOscillating Water Column
Attenuator Submerged Pressure Differential
Oscillating Surge Converter
Different approaches to harnessing energy from waves
Wave Energy Development Timeline
Robert Thresher, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, The United States Marine Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy Technology Roadmap, April 13, 2010
Proposed Wave Energy Projects in California
•PG&E Humboldt WaveConnect
•Greenwave Mendocino Wave Park
•Sonoma County Hydrokinetic Energy Project (SCHEP)
•Greenwave San Luis Obispo Wave Park
•PG&E Central Coast WaveConnect
•SARA, Inc. Catalina Island
• Baseline Characterization of wave heights & directions, winds, and current profiles
Developer Site Selection based on Wave Climate
•Bathymetry •Littoral processes•Marine mammal observations•Fish and invertebrates•Nearshore and intertidal habitats
Adaptive Management and Monitoring Information Needs
Pilot testing
Min/Max thresholds allowed for environmental impacts
• Wave forecast models
• Wave reduction and shadow effects
• Sediment transport changes
• Wave forecast models
• Wave reduction and shadow effects
• Sediment transport changes
PG&E WaveConnectPreliminary Application
Baseline Characterization of SiteBathymetry SurveysSide‐Scan SonarSub‐bottom SurveySediment sampling
Modeling of Wave Attenuation
Oregon Wave Energy Trust•Cumulative effects framework• Sand transport• Seabird distribution (radar, survey)• Crab & fish baseline distribution
US Department of Energy ‐‐ NNMREC• Environmental Characterization, Test Berth Site• Sand transport and current modeling
US Minerals Management Service• Benthic habitat characterization
UK Studies
UK Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS)
Sediment transport monitoringAssessment of changes to the inshore wave regime