laurie munoz milwee middle school. alaskan pipeline taps (trans-alaska pipeline system) 800 miles...
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Fuel to the Future – ABC’s of Pipeline Vocabulary
Laurie MunozMilwee Middle School
A
ALASKAN PIPELINE
TAPS (Trans-Alaska Pipeline System)
800 miles of pipeline
Prudhoe Bay to Valdez
Conveys oil
B
BARRELS
Transports petroleum products
1977 – the year the first barrel of oil traveled through TAPS
Leaks – sabotage, maintenance failures and gunshot holes
15 million barrels transported in 2013
C
CANADA
Hardisty, Alberta – main terminal for Canada
TransCanada – owns the Keystone Pipeline
Phase 1 – 4 – based out of Canada
Crude Oil
D
DESIGN
Pipelines are designed to be environmentally friendly
Begins with drafting (a method of diagramming)
Contracted to engineering firms Submitted for approval
E
ELEVATED
Raised above ground
Environmental protection
TAPS Keystone Steel beam
supports
F
FRACKING
Method to obtain petroleum, natural gas, or brine
Fractures (breaks) deep rock formations
Uses water – hydrofracking
G
GATHERING LINES
Moves natural gas
Small diameter pipelines
Begin at the wellhead
Join other gathering lines to become bigger pipelines
H
HARDISTY TERMINAL
Alberta, Canada Beginning of the
Keystone Pipelines
Phases 1-4 Crude oil
I
INTERNATIONAL
Pipelines exist throughout the world
Africa Asia Australia Middle East Russia Europe North America Central America
J
JOBS
Alaskan Pipeline – 6000 jobs in Alaska alone
Keystone – 9000 jobs Engineers - design Delivery Driver - Welders – Capacity Analysis – how much can be
transported
K
KEYSTONE
Four phases of construction
Transports crude oil from Canada
Connects to – Nebraska, Montana, and Texas
Phases 1 – 2 – deliver 590,000 barrels of oil daily
Phase 3 – delivers 700,000 barrels of oil daily
L
LEGISLATION
Lawmaking Oil Spill and Pipeline Safety PHMSA – Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration Enacted to protect the environment
and people
M
MANUFACTURER
Production of materials 75% of the Keystone XL –
manufactured in North America Welded pipe Steel
N
NATURAL GAS
Fuel Transported by
pipelines Pressurized into
liquids – NGL (Natural Gas Liquids)
O
OIL
Collected by gathering systems
Collected in onshore and offshore areas
Processed into gas and other energy products
P
PETROLEUM
Naturally occurring crude oil
Fossil fuel – usually zooplankton and algae
Found in sedimentary rock
Recovered through oil drilling
Q
QUALITY
Quality Management Systems System of checks and balances Ensures Safety Multi Step Process
R
REFINERY
Crude oil is processed into useful products
Crayons Plastics Heating Oil Jet Fuel
S
SHEARING
A variation in wind speed or velocity
Occurs over a short distance
Elevated pipelines are subjected to wind shearing
Damages the pipeline
T
TARSANDS
Also known as oil sands
Unconventional petroleum deposit
Mixture of sand, clay, water and bitumen
Bitumen – dense and viscous petroleum
U
ULTRAMAR
Canadian gas and fuel retailer
Operates in Canada Founded in 1961 Produces 265,000
barrels of oil daily Employed 3,600
people directly with the company, and 10,000 people indirectly
V
VELOCIY
Vector measurement of speed
Includes both speed and direction
Wind velocity is considered in elevated pipelines
Velocity of transport is critical for production
W
WELDERS
Joins pieces of metal together Structural welders work on pipelines Sporadic job – times of great demand
and other times with little or no work Work conditions can be difficult with
both weather and location
X
XL
Remaining portion of the Keystone Pipeline
1,200 miles long Alberta, Canada to
the Gulf of Mexico 40% already built Transport crude oil
Y
YIELD
Refers to the amount of production Oil Yield – amount of oil that can be
derived from a oil well or other source
Also refers to net energy from oil production
Z
ZIMBABWE
Mega fuel pipeline
Expected to transport 500 million liters of fuel per month
Connects Beira to Harare
Still under consideration