laws of motion classical mechanics
DESCRIPTION
Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics. A brief overview. Aristotle (384 - 322 BC). Natural Motion All objects have internal homing instincts similar to those observed in animals. Galileo (1564 - 1642). Law of Falling Bodies All bodies fall with a constant acceleration - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Laws of MotionClassical Mechanics
A brief overview
![Page 2: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Aristotle (384 - 322 BC)
Natural Motion
All objects have internal
homing instincts similar
to those observed in
animals
![Page 3: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Galileo (1564 - 1642)
Law of Falling Bodies
All bodies fall with a
constant acceleration
under gravity regardless
of mass
![Page 4: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Kepler (1571 - 1630)
Laws of PlanetaryMotion
Planetary orbits are
elliptical
![Page 9: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727)
1661: Entered TrinityCollege, Cambridge1665: Received hisBachelor’s Degree.University closed due to
Plague. Re-opened 1667.
1668: Awarded Mastersdegree
![Page 11: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Law of Universal Gravitation
![Page 22: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
W = m x g
• W = weight (N)• m = mass (kg)• g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2 )Acceleration due to gravity of falling body on Earth (excluding effects of air resistance) is, on average, 9.8 m/s2
This value is often rounded off to 10 m/s2
![Page 23: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Principia (1669)
![Page 24: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1669 - 1687Lucasian Professor of
Mathematics(Cambridge)
![Page 25: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Newton’s Scientific Achievements
• Law of Universal Gravitation• Laws of Motion• Advances in Optics - studies of colour & light
• Constructed the first reflecting telescope in 1668
• Calculus
![Page 28: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Newton’s 1st Law
• An object that is at rest will stay at rest until an unbalanced force acts upon it.
• An object that is in motion will not change its velocity until an unbalanced force acts upon it.
![Page 33: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Newton’s 2nd Law
• A body will accelerate with acceleration proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass
F = m x a• F = Net Force (N)• m = mass (kg)• a = acceleration (m/s2 )
![Page 36: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Momentum
p = m x v• p = momentum (kg.m/s) or (N.s)• m = mass (kg)• v = velocity (m/s)
![Page 41: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Momentum
• Can be defined mathematically.• Is a vector because it has magnitude as well as direction.
• When bodies collide, momentum is transferred.
• In any collision, momentum is conserved.
![Page 42: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Law of Conservation of Momentum
The total momentum of a system is the same
before a collision as after.m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
![Page 43: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Impulse
• Is defined as the change in momentum experienced by a body.
Δ p = m x Δ vΔ p = F x Δ t
![Page 44: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Newton’s 3rd Law
• Every action has a reaction equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
![Page 45: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Newton’s 3rd Modelled
![Page 46: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813a2b550346895da20f0d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Some weblinks ….
• Crash Test Results• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmUBgTHppv8
• NASA movie ‘Orville and Wilbur Wright’ Newton’s Laws and Flight• http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/newton.html
• Space Shuttle launches• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FROxZ5i67k• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwfsFtpACFw&feature=related
• NASA Apollo 11 Mission• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNm1LVJTJ2k&feature=related• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdSPF7ujsdw&feature=related
• NASA TV• http://www.youtube.com/NASATelevision