lay kidney module
TRANSCRIPT
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Kidney Diseases
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What is the kidney?
• The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located in the middle of the back, just below the rib cage, on either side of the spine.
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What do the kidneys do?
• The kidneys are vital organs that regulate composition of the blood:– Keep the blood clean and chemically
balanced– Keep the volume of water in the body
constant – Remove wastes from the body
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What do the kidneys do?
• They help regulate blood pressure• Stimulate the making of red blood
cells• Maintain the body’s calcium level
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Urine• When kidneys are healthy,
the artery (AR-ter-ee) brings blood and waste from the bloodstream into the kidney.
• Kidneys clean the blood. Then waste and extra fluid go out into the urine through the ureter.
• Clean blood leaves the kidney and goes back into the bloodstream through the vein.
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What are the signs of kidney disease?
During early stages of kidney
disease, the patient may
not feel sick
or feel anything at all
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What are the signs of kidney disease?
• If kidney disease gets worse, the patient may experience: Blood in urine
Cloudy or foamy urine
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What are the signs of kidney disease?
• If kidney disease gets worse, the patient may experience:
Puffiness of eyelids
Swelling of hands or feet Itching
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What are the signs of kidney disease?
• If kidney disease gets worse, the patient may experience:
Feeling tired
Loss of appetitevomiting
Drowsiness or have trouble concentrating
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Am I at risk for kidney diseases
Do I have diabetes?
Do I have high blood
pressure?
Do I have a family history
of kidney diseases?
Have I been told to have
protein in the urine
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What medical tests will my doctor use to detect kidney disease?
• Since you can have kidney disease without any symptoms, your doctor may first detect the condition through routine blood and urine tests.
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• The National Kidney Foundation recommends three simple tests to screen for kidney disease: – a blood pressure measurement – a spot check for protein or albumin in the
urine (proteinuria) – a calculation of glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) based on a serum creatinine measurement.
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What can I do about kidney disease?
• Unfortunately, chronic kidney disease often cannot be cured. But if you are in the early stages of a kidney disease, you may be able to make your kidneys last longer by taking certain steps.
• You will also want to be sure that risks for heart attack and stroke are minimized, since patients with kidney disease are susceptible to these problems.
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Steps to make your kidneys last longer
• If you have diabetes, watch your blood glucose closely to keep it under control. Consult your doctor for the latest in treatment.
• Avoid pain pills that may make your kidney disease worse. Check with your doctor before taking any medicine.
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Steps to make your kidneys last longer
• Keeping blood pressure under control helps to keep your kidneys healthy.
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What happens if my kidneys fail?
• One way to treat kidney failure is with dialysis.
• Dialysis is a treatment that does the work your kidneys used to do.
• Dialysis is a treatment that takes waste products and extra fluid out of your body.
• There are two types of dialysis.
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Hemodialysis
• In hemodialysis, your blood flows through a tube from your arm to a machine that filters out the waste products and extra fluid. The clean blood flows back to your arm.
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Peritoneal dialysis
• In peritoneal dialysis, your belly is filled with a special fluid. The fluid collects waste products and extra water from your blood. Then the fluid is drained from your belly and thrown away.
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• Another way to treat kidney failure is to do kidney transplantation.
• A donated kidney may come from an anonymous donor who has recently died or from a living person, usually a relative.
• The kidney that you receive must be a good match for your body.
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What should I do to stay healthy?
• Follow the healthy eating plan that you and your doctor or dietitian have worked out.
• Limit intake of salt
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What should I do to stay healthy?
• Be active a total of 30 minutes most days. Ask your doctor what activities are best for you.
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What should I do to stay healthy?
• Take your prescribed medicines as directed.
• Avoid taking pain pills regularly and other unprescribed medicines.
• Check with your doctor before taking any medicines
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What should I do to stay healthy?
• Control your blood pressure and cholesterol
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What should I do to stay healthy?
• Don't smoke.
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What should I do to stay healthy?
• See a doctor for bladder or kidney infections right away. You may have an infection if you have these symptoms:– pain or burning when you urinate– frequent urge to go to the bathroom– urine that looks cloudy or reddish– fever or a shaky feeling– pain in your back or on your side below your
ribs
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Remember!
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The following should raise suspicion of kidney disease
• Swelling of legs and puffy eyelids• High blood pressure (esp. in young)• Waking up at night to urinate • Painful urination • Painless blood in the urine • Sandy material in the urine • Colicky pain in the flank area - foamy
urine
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Ways of preventing kidney disease
1. Keep your blood pressure normal < 120/80
2. Know your family history - anyone in family on dialysis - Diabetes - Hypertension - Gout - Passage of stone
3. Maintain a healthy diet 4. Control your weight
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The Philippine College of Physicians wishes to acknowledge the following for her invaluable efforts
in the preparation of this module
Ruth Lampa, MD