laying the groundwork for jatropha-based biofuel industry in the philippines
DESCRIPTION
A presentation on the framework for developing the Jatropha as viable biofuel for the Philippines. The framework includes the following aspects: feedstock production, processing and utilization, business and enterprise development, market developmentTRANSCRIPT
3/8/2010
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PNOC AFC UPLB DOST-PCARRD
LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR JATROPHA-BASED BIOFUEL INDUSTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Virgilio T. Villancio Program Leader Integrated R&D on Jatropha curcas for Biodiesel
PNOC AFC UPLB DOST-PCARRD
• Backgrounds
• Responding to emerging
demands
• Jatropha curcas as feedstock
• Current efforts
• Directions
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Increasing consumption of
petroleum products
About 46% of total energy is
being imported
Increasing fuel prices which
translates to increase in the
price of electricity, increase in
transport fuels and costs and
escalation in commodity prices,
World’s considerable increase in
greenhouse gasses
SOME CONCERNS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2005 May-
07
Sep-
07
Dec-
07
Feb.
08
Soya Sunflower Palm Rapeseed Coconut
Growing demand for biofuels
Unstable prices of crude oil
Rising prices of vegetable oils
Need for non-food sources of oil
Higher value of by-products as additional source of revenue
OPPORTUNITIES
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BIODIESEL DEMAND PROJECTIONS
Year
Diesel
Demand
(M Liters)*
Biodiesel Requirement (Million
Liters)
1% 2% 5%
2006 7,479 0
2007 7,776 78
2008 8,065 81 161 403
2009 8,391 84 168 420
2010 8,653 87 173 433
2011 9,030 90 181 452
2012 9,411 94 188 471
2013 9,794 98 196 490
2014 10,122 101 202 506
2015 10,461 105 209 523
*AFETD-EUMB, Department of Energy
To achieve energy independence and fuel diversification while meeting environmental challenges through the utilization of alternative fuels
Coco-methyl Ester (CME)or Coco-Biodiesel
Ethanol Jatropha methyl Ester (JME) Tubang Bakod
ALTERNATIVE FUELS PROGRAM
For Gasoline Blend For Diesel Blend
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Emerging challenge of promoting the complementation of foods, feeds, fuels,
fibers and fertilizers utilization in agricultural systems
MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE
Reduce Greenhouse Gases Emission
Increase utilization of biofuels
Increase availability of Biofuels
Efficient biofuel product and processing
enterprises
Efficient distribution system
Sustainable supply of feedstock
Increase employment
Favorable policy, social and economic environment
POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Objective tree in the development of the biofuel
industry in relation to climate change and poverty reduction
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It is locally known as Tubang bakod, Tuba-tuba, Kasla, Tubang aso, Tubang silangan, tawa-tawa
Planted in fences
for hedges, thus the
term Tubang bakod
Leaves are used as herbal medicine for fractures
Seeds are grounded
and used to poison fish
thus the term Tuba
WHAT IS JATROPHA CURCAS?
• Can reach a height of up to 5 m
• Bear flowers and fruits as early as 6 months and can live up to 50 years
• 500-600 mm of rainfall limit of growth
• Can grow up to 500 masl
• Can grow on marginal or poor soil condition (semi-arid to tropical condition)
WHAT IS JATROPHA CURCAS?
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• 2,000-5,000 kg/ hectare/ year (depending on the quality of Jatropha seed and soil)
• 0.3- 9 kg / tree seed production
• Can bear fruit throughout the year
• Oil yield 30 – 40% crude non-edible oil
• 0.75 – 2 tons biodiesel / hectare
JATROPHA CURCAS AS BIODIESEL
FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION
Germplasm Management, Varietal improvement, seed technology, provenance testing
Nursery development
Development of production systems, prototype plantation
Soil Fertility management
Pest and diseases management
Flowering and fruiting physiology
Post Production management
Technology promotion
PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION
Mechanical processing Enzymatic processing Processing of by-products Waste management
MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Product development and promotion
Establishment of the value chain
GOALS
Rural employment Income generation Energy independence Cleaner environment
SOCIAL ECONOMICS POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL
Capacity development
FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF JATROPHA CURCAS FOR BIODIESEL
BUSINESS AND ENTERPRISE
DEVELOPMENT
PNOC FUNDEDDOST-PCARRD
FUNDEDCHED FUNDED
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Jatropha species collection distribution map.
39 Provinces223 municipalities417 villages867 accessions of J. curcas45 accessions of J. gossypifolia28 accessions of J. podagrica17 accessions of J. multifida29 accessions of J. pandurifolia/
hastata
25 accessions being evaluated for the parental pool
CROP ESTABLISHMENT
Cuttings or
seedling
Macro and
micropropagation
Direct seeding
or planting
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(a) Control (b) BAP
(c) 2iP (d) Kinetin
Response of Jatropha curcas nodes excised from
the germinated seedlings treated with different
cytokinins on MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal
medium
Tissue culture
PRUNING
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Can we attain
48 fruiting
branches?
PESTS AND DISEASES OBSERVED
Yellow mites (Polyphagotarsonemus Latus Banks)
Red spider mite Eutranychus africanus
Thrips
Rhipiphorothrips pulchellus Morgan
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FLOWERING AND FRUITING PHYSIOLOGY
Is it possible
to have 12
fruits per
bunch?
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Jatropha plant spacing
• 2X3 meters• 2X2X4 meters• 1X6 meters
Intercrops • Pineapple•Papaya•Arrowroot•Turmeric•Sweet potato
POST PRODUCTION
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Established extraction efficienciesEnzymatic Extraction - 79.5%Mechanical Extraction- 85%
TransesterificationEnzymatic ester yield- 89%reduction of reaction time -
30 to 60 minBy-product utilization
High crude protein content of Jatropha cake
PROCESSING
Rapeseed1
--------------------
2.4 to 5.2
Soybean2
--------------------
3.2 to 3.4
Palm3
--------------------
6 to 8
Jatropha4
--------------------
21.4
Energy balance
Sources:
1. University of Agriculture, Lithuania
2. Report NREL/TP 580-24772, Golden,
U.S.A.
3. Federal University of Itajubá, Brazil
4. King Mongkut.s University of
Technology, Thailand
Energy
Ratios of
Biodiesel
from
Different Oil
Sources
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Carbon
Sequestration(Lanting, 2008)
• Stem(twigs & branches) –44.52%
• Foliage – 43.17 %
• Roots – 42.73 %
• On the average, a Jatropha curcas L. plant can store 43.47 % of carbon in its total biomass
POTENTIALS OF JATROPHA SEED PRODUCTION
Fully mature fruit Fully mature fruit
has a seed has a seed
moisture content moisture content
of 16.63% to as of 16.63% to as
low as 6.0%, with low as 6.0%, with
germination rate germination rate
from 0 to 15.0%from 0 to 15.0%
Matured pods
• 3 fruit clusters per branch per fruiting season
• 12 fruits per bunch
• 2.66 seeds per fruit
• 48 branches per tree
• 1,600 trees per hectare
• 1,400 seeds per kg
• 5,250 kg per hectare
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Map for Jatropha suitability
CATEGORY HECTARESPERCENT OF
TOTAL
PERCENT OF
WITH
COCONUT
Highly Suitable + Coconut +
A/D1,637,906 12.6 49.7
Highly Suitable + Coconut +
Non A/D 284,431 2.2 8.6
Highly Suitable + Slope
Stabilization + Coconut + A/D638,740 4.9 19.4
Highly Suitable + Slope
Stabilization + Coconut +
NonA/D223,907 1.7 6.8
Moderately Suitable + High
Rainfall + Coconut + A/D305,960 2.4 9.3
Moderately Suitable + High
Rainfall + Coconut + Non A/D77,315 0.6 2.3
Suitable + High Rainfall + Slope
Stabilization + Coconut+A/D 74,291 0.6 2.3
Suitable + High Rainfall + Slope
Stabilization +
Coconut+nonA/D52,204 0.4 1.6
Sub-total with coconut 3,294,754 25.4 100.0
Total area suitable to Jatropha 12,992,812 100.0
Coconut area delineated to be suitable
with planting of Jatropha curcas
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CATEGORY HECTARESPERCENT
OF TOTAL
PERCENT OF
WITHOUT
COCONUT
Highly Suitable + A/D 1,491,216 11.5 15.4
Highly Suitable + Non A/D 1,534,901 11.8 15.8
Highly Suitable + Slope
Stabilization + A/D1,142,723 8.8 11.8
Highly Suitable + Slope
Stabilization + Non A/D3,821,047 29.4 39.4
Moderately Suitable + High
Rainfall + A/D225,722 1.7 2.3
Moderately Suitable + High
Rainfall + Non A/D357,663 2.8 3.7
Suitable + High Rainfall + Slope
Stabilization + A/D143,773 1.1 1.5
Suitable + High Rainfall + Slope
Stabilization + Non A/D981,013 7.6 10.1
Sub-total without coconut 9,698,058 74.6 100.0
Total area suitable to Jatropha 12,992,812 100.0
Areas without coconut delineated to be
suitable to planting of Jatropha curcas
Godilano, 2008
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LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
Zambales
32,000 has
Quezon
100,000 has
Palawan
10,000 has
Iligan
5,000 has Bukidnon
50,000 has
PNOC CONSOLIDATED LAND/PLANTATION PARTNERS
MOU/MOA signed
Under evaluation
Ozamis
5,000 has
Cag de Oro
500 has
Fort Mag
500 has
Cebu
5,000 has
Bohol 5,000
has
Cam Sur
3,000 has
Mindoro
5,000 has
Samar
5,000 has
Cam Norte
13,000 has
Davao
65,000 has
Sarangani
40,000 has
Neg Or
10,000 has
Where are they …
Network of SCUs involved in Jatropha R&D
MMSU
Batac, Ilocos Norte ISU
Cabagan & Echague
PSU
Bamban, Infanta, Pangasinan
PAC
Magalang, Pampanga
QSC
Diffun, QuirinoTCA
Camiling, Tarlac
CNSC
Labo, Camarines Norte
CSSAC
Pili, Camarines Sur
CapSU
Burias, Mamburao,
Capiz
CVSCAFT
Carmen & Bilar, Bohol
SSPSC
Carromata, San Miguel,
Surigao del Sur
VSU
Baybay, Leyte
CMU
Musuan, Bukidnon
DOSCST
Mati, Davao OrientalUSM
Kabacan & Arakan
WMSU
San Ramon, Zamboanga
City
UPLB
Quezon Land Grant
Los Ba nos LagunaCLSU
Munoz, Nueva Ecija
RMTU
San Marcelino, Zambalez
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Private
sector
initiatives
DSK Yume Koubon
Talugtug, N. Ecija
GFT
Tanay, Rizal
Leverson Brothers
Bugallon, Pangasinan
C3
Bulalakaw, Mindoro Orr
Freshwind Biotech
Pila, Laguna
DK
Tarlac
Neogen
Tiaong, Quezon
Kibio
San Roque, E.Samar
Royal Green
Narra, PalawanHTeves
Sta Catalina,
Negros Orr
Mendez
Romblon
ABC
Malitbog Bukidnon
Medina, Mis Or
EcoGlobal
GenSaa City
GREEN 8
SAMASA
Lanao Sur
Laguna Biofuels
Lumban, Laguna
Bioenergy
San Fabian, Pangasinan
D1 BP
North
Cotabato
BENLINC
Ilocos Norte
• Food, Feed, Fuel Complementarity
• Research and Development
• Land use and conversion
• Income and employment
• Government intervention and energy independence
• Business models and Equity
DIRECTIONS
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DSK Yume Koubon Farm
NUEVA ECIJA-PANGASINAN
JATROPHA PLANTATION AT ZAMBOANGUITA, DUMAGUETE
3/8/2010
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Sa Jatropha, Sa Agroforestry
Sama-samang
Itaguyod ang
Pag-unlad ng
Agrikultura,
Gubatan at
Pangisdaan sa
PILIPINAS
3/8/2010
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SIPAGPa
PILIPINAS!!!
Game ka na ba!!!