SELVA PROJECTEnergy Scenario in Lazio Region and

environment evaluation for the use of biomass

Francesco PetracchiniCNR NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research http://www.iia.cnr.it

1. Atmospheric pollution in urban and industrial areas2. Atmospheric pollution in remote and polar regions3. Atmospheric Pollution from urban/local to continental/ global scales4. Indoor Pollution5. Industrial emissions, assessment of risk and certification of BAT6. Development of methodologies, technologies, and complex integrated systems

aimed to assess environmental quality and sustainability factors7. Development of interoperable systems for Air Quality management,

environmental legislation, and organisation and dissemination of environmental knowledge

Main CNR-IIA research fields

Rende (Cosenza)

Italian Ministry of Environment(Rome)

Montelibretti (Rome)

Employees T.I. 44 T.D. 75 -> 119

Researchers T.I. 20 T.D. 32 -> 52

Technologists T.I. 6 T.D. 21 -> 27

Tecnicians T.I. 9 T.D. 7 -> 16

Administrative T.I. 9 T.D. 15 -> 24Florence

CNR-IIA: LOCATIONS AND STAFF

CNR IIA

Observation:• Laboratories • Ground-based sites (urban, industrial, remote and polar areas) • Off-shore sites • High-altitude sites• Remote Sensing (MIVIS - aircraft, satellite)

Modelling:• Atmospheric numerical models (box urban reg./cont. global)• Receptor models• Integrated Socio-Economic-Environmental models

GIS /Web GIS Interoperable systems

IPPC: Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report

CLIMATE CHANGE:CAUSES

NO2 IN EUROPE: ANNUAL MEAN

PM10 NUMBER OF DAY ABOVE THE LIMIT

DIRECTIVE 28/CE/2009

The targets set by the Directive 28/CE/2009 involve the implementation of a broad spectrum of action in the field of renewable electrical and thermal properties of biofuels and energy conservation.

REGIONAL GOAL– BURDEN SHARING

Regioni e province autonome

Obiettivo regionale per l’anno [%]anno iniziale di riferimento (*) 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Abruzzo 5,8 10,1 11,7 13,6 15,9 19,1Basilicata 7,9 16,1 19,6 23,4 27,8 33,1Calabria 8,7 14,7 17,1 19,7 22,9 27,1

Campania 4,2 8,3 9,8 11,6 13,8 16,7Emilia Romagna 2,0 4,2 5,1 6,0 7,3 8,9Friuli V. Giulia 5,2 7,6 8,5 9,6 10,9 12,7

Lazio 4,0 6,5 7,4 8,5 9,9 11,9Liguria 3,4 6,8 8,0 9,5 11,4 14,1

Lombardia 4,9 7,0 7,7 8,5 9,7 11,3Marche 2,6 6,7 8,3 10,1 12,4 15,4Molise 10,8 18,7 21,9 25,5 29,7 35,0

Piemonte 9,2 11,1 11,5 12,2 13,4 15,1Puglia 3,0 6,7 8,3 10,0 11,9 14,2

Sardegna 3,8 8,4 10,4 12,5 14,9 17,8Sicilia 2,7 7,0 8,8 10,8 13,1 15,9

TAA – Bolzano 32,4 33,8 33,9 34,3 35,0 36,5TAA – Trento 28,6 30,9 31,4 32,1 33,4 35,5

Toscana 6,2 9,6 10,9 12,3 14,1 16,5Umbria 6,2 8,7 9,5 10,6 11,9 13,7

Valle D’Aosta 51,6 51,8 51,0 50,7 51,0 52,1Veneto 3,4 5,6 6,5 7,4 8,7 10,3Italia 5,3 8,2 9,3 10,6 12,2 14,3

In December 2005 the European Commission had drawn up a "Biomass Action Plan" (COM 2005/628) aimed at developing the use of renewable energies Agriculture and Forestry.

The main objectives of this plan are three:1. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions;2. Protection of employment in rural areas;3. Limitation of dependence with regard to energy imports.

through:1. Encouraging use of biomass for electricity and heating;2. promote investment in research to support in particular the production of

liquid fuels from wood and debris;3. promote a campaign to inform farmers and forest on the interest in the

development of energy crops;4. the introduction by each Member State a national scheme that gives clear

guidance, authorization services only,

EUROPEAN COMMISSION AND BIOMASSES (COM 2005/628)

Among the specific objectives that the LAZIO REGION wants to pursue:

1. Stabilize the regional consumption of final energy by 2020 at current levels;2. Considerably increase the production of energy from renewable sources;3. Reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere;4. Cover the electricity needs restoring exports to other regions;5. Encourage the development of research and technological innovation;6. Promote the economic development and employment, in particular the development of regional renewable energy sources and efficient use of energy.

LAZIO REGION AND RE

CNR IIAPRODUCTION FROM BIOENERGY IN PROVINCES (GSE 2011)

1. Involvement in the protection and improvement of the local environment;

2. The use of biomass fuel provides an economic incentive to manage woodland which improves biodiversity.

3. biomass can offer local business opportunities and support the rural economy.

4. The establishment of local networks of production and usage, allows financial and environmental costs of transport to be minimized

5. Less pollution (to be considered) and greater energy efficiency

BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF BIOMASS

Sometimes the business plan had the priority environment analysis.

1. Large plants2. locations incorrect3. Lack of involvement of the population in decision-making4. Retrieval of biomass long distances (no short chain)5. No checks on the type of fuel input6. No national technical standards

DISADVANTAGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF BIOMASS

PROBLEMS TO SOLVE

• Lack of information on the territory • Lack of detailed information on emission inventories• Necessary development of a System to supporto the Policy makers in the

planning phase• Necessary Analysis of the environment impact • Involvement of the local population and information activity

Introduction

Selva is a project financed by the Lazio Region

General Goals

1. Determination of biomass availability in the short, medium term in the Province of Rieti;

2. Realization of a decision support system related to the introduction and correct localization of small-scale biomass plants in the Province of Rieti

3. Analysis of the impact on air quality for the small biomass plants in the Province of Rieti (emissions inventory and air quality assessment)

4. Realization of a pilot plant at a municipality in the Province of Rieti5. Analysis of abatment systems from biomass plants6. Dissemination to people the right information

SELVA: Energy Scenario in Lazio Region and environmental evaluation fo the biomass use

WP-1: Collection of information on the availability of biomassWP-2: Analysis of heat-supply chains biomass and biomass-energyWP-3: Identification of sites of dislocation of the plantsWP-4: Analysis of the energy scenarioWP-5: Analysis of scenarios of air qualityWP-6: Installation of monitoring technologies pollutionWP-7 Design Plant biomass in the Province of Rieti and installation

facilityWP-8: Coordination and dissemination of the project.

SELVA PROJECT ACTIVITIES

• 2.749 km2• 73 Municipalities• Low population density • 80% mountainous territory• 20% hilly

La provincia di RietiTHE PROVINCE OF RIETI

• The Province of Rieti, over the centuries has been an important center of transit flows and exchange of products, today undergoes a state of decay due to the depopulation of the mountain villages.

REGIONE LAZIO PROVINCIA DI RIETICOMUNITA’ MONTANE

PARCHIRISERVE e COMUNI

• CARTA GEOLITOLOGICA• IMMAGINI LANDSAT• DEM• PIANO DI SVILUPPO RURALE• PIANO ENERGETICO• PIANO PER IL RISANAMENTO QUALITÀ

DELL'ARIA• PIANO DI TUTELA DELLE ACQUE • PIANO DI PREVISIONE E PREVENZIONE

ANTINCENDI BOSCHIVI 2008-2011• PIANO TERRITORIALE PAESISTICO

REGIONALE

• INFORMAZIONI UTILI SUL TERRITORIO

• PIANO DI ASSESTAMENTO FORESTALE

• PIANO ENERGETICO PROVINCIALE• PIANO TERRITORIALE PROVINCIALE

GENERALE• ORTOFOTO • CARTOGRAFIA PROVINCIALE SHP• FOGLI CATASTALI - IGM 100.000-

25.000• LIMITI GEOGRAFICI COMUNI E

COMUNITÀ MONTANE• FIUMI, LAGHI, • STRADE PROVINCIALI E STATALI,

FERROVIA• TEMATISMI (BACINI, PARCHI, • SIC & ZPS, VINCOLI)• ELENCO COMUNI CON PIANO

ASSESTAMENTO

DATA COLLECTION

DIGITIZATION ACTIVITY

• Creation of shape file (.shp) e related table

SELVA WEB GIS

http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/firefox.html

SPOT IMAGE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RIETI PROVINCE

SELVA WEB GIS PLATFORM

SELVA WEB SITE

http://selva.iia.cnr.it/

SELVA WEB GIS

http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/firefox.html

SELVA WEB GIS

http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/firefox.html

MODEL TOOLS

http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/models/Gauss_Plume.html

http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/models/emissioni.php

La provincia di RietiLEONESSA

Inhabitants 2.163Pop. Density per Kmq: 96,9Area : 22,33 Km2

La provincia di RietiLEONESSA

La provincia di RietiLEONESSA

Livestock waste

La provincia di RietiLEONESSA

Caldaia di tipo “Marina”, Marca Termotecnica D’Alessandro, Modello CSA – 180GM,

PRELIMINARY AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

PRELIMINARY AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

SitoNOx

(ug/m3)

NO2

(ug/m3)

O3

(ug/m3)

SO2

(ug/m3)

NH3

(ug/m3)

Benzene(ug/m3)

L1/PM1 5.7 2.9 125.0 < LOD* 2.9CA1 6.0 4.6 127.9 < LOD 6.7VO1 8.1 6.0 111.2 < LOD 2.9VI1 13.5 5.3 94.0 < LOD 3.4P1 N.D. 2.0 142.3 < LOD 3.2

SG1 6.0 3.8 103.2 < LOD 3.1T1/PM2 6.6 5.6 101.2 < LOD 12.9

BG1 7.8 7.8 102.0 3.2 83.6T2 11.2 7.3 120.3 2.6 131.2S1 6.0 6.3 94.7 < LOD 16.2

TR1 5.5 4.5 129.4 N.D. 19.7Media 7.6 5.1 113.7 2.9 26.0

Media ARPA Leonessa 4.9 4.4 90.7

AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS

The combustion of biomass can create different environmental problems, especially in open burning in plants and not well designed and controlled.

Two groups are generated by the combustion of pollutants:

• Macro-pollutants (such as PTS, NOx, SOx, CO, TOC,)• Micropollutants (such as PCDD / Fs, PAHs, • PCBs and heavy metals)

To understand the emissions from the combustion of biomass, it should primarily refer to their elemental composition and structure.

CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O

It is planned to assess the emissions in order to analyze the behavior of the system under varying combustion conditions and the characteristics of the same fuel

EMISSIONS MONITORING ACTIVITY

FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)

MOBILE UNIT WITH FTIR FOR MONITORING SYSTEMS

O2 Analyzer

TOC Analyzer

OTHER PARAMETERS

OTHER PROJECTS: CUBIS

CUBIS (Urban Energy from Biomass and Solar) has the overall objective to optimize the integration of a solar thermal plant with a biomass boiler to generate the heat required for the operation of a machine ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) plant in a cogeneration or trigeneration.

OTHER PROJECTS: MOBYBRIQUETTE

The project aims to demonstrate the possibility of using an innovative conversion system agricultural waste in the vegetable matrix in briquettes or pellets through the use of a mobile unit able to travel to the area (small and medium-sized communities, agricultural and forestry areas) to operate the conversion of vegetable matrices in briquette

FUTURE ACTIVITIES

• Biomass plant installation in Leonessa• Heat distribution to the citizens• Air quality assessment and analysis of changes and

improvement• Emission monitoring assessment from the biomass plant• WeB Gis Implementation as useful tool for policy makers• Dissemination of results

Francesco Petracchini

CNR Institute of Atmospheric Pollution ResearchEmail petracchini@iia.cnr.itWeb www.iia.cnr.it