lc refined microfiber mfc alternative for high …...lc refined microfiber mfc alternative for high...

LC REFINED MICROFIBER MFC ALTERNATIVE FOR HIGH BULK, HIGH TEAR AND HIGH TENSILE MECHANICAL PULPSEmilia Jahangir and James OlsonPulp and Paper Centre, University of British ColumbiaJ A M E S . O L S O N @ U B C . C A

F M P R S , N O R R K Ö P I N G S W E D E N A P R I L 3 , 2 0 1 9

mailto:[email protected]

• Mechanical pulp is a resource efficient material appropriate for a wide range of applications

• Energy consumption continues to be a large and growing cost – that provides a barrier to production in many jurisdictions

• Low consistency (LC) refining increases strength at lower cost:

• Lower energy costs • Reduce capital costs

• Achieve same strength at less specific energy • However, LC refining is know to cut fibres more than

HC refining for same strength increase

INTRODUCTION

• Micro- and nano-fiber addition is and emerging strategy for increasing paper strength

• Various production methods using kraft pulp as a feed material for:

• Grinding methods• Fluidization• Homogenizer • HC refining (eg., FiloCell kruger biomaterials) • With/without chemical pre-treatment

• Tempo mediated oxidation• Enzymatic pre-treatment

• Increase tensile; reduce scattering; GCC retention.• Few studies use TMP as a raw material (Nurminen

and Servio, 2014; Brodin and Eriksen 2015)

INTRODUCTION

Brodin and Eriksen NPPRJ Vol 30 no (3) 2015

• LC refining is known to be a low energy means of changing fibre morphology.

• Explore use of LC refining for MFC production

• LC refining of NBSK fibre up to 2500 kwh/t (no pre-treatment)

• Provides comparable strength increase as conventional MFC

• Does the same hold for LCR of TMP pulp ?

APPLICATION OF LC REFINING FOR MFC PRODUCTION

• 16” diameter, single disc, low consistency Aikawa refiner,

• 112kW motor with variable speed drive

• Magnetic flow meter, pressure and temperature on the inlet/outlet, power meter, gap sensor, force sensor, rotor position sensor

• Computer data acquisition and control

• Wide range of plate geometries (commercial and experimental)

UBC LC REFINING PILOT PLANT

Plate D0[mm]

Di[mm

b[mm]

g[mm]

T [mm] φ[o] BEL[km/rev]

1 406 229 1.0 2.4 4.8 15 5.592 406 229 1.6 3.2 4.8 15 2.743 406 229 3.2 4.8 4.8 15 0.994 406 229 2.0 3.6 4.8 15 2.01

b g

D0

Di

T=groove depth

• Produce highly refined TMP (MFC) at two energies

• 1567 kWhr/t• 2242 kWhr/t

• Create composites of unrefined TMP and highly refined TMP

• Compare with conventional LC refined pulp at same energies

EXPERIMENTAL

Sample#

LCR SRE kWh/t

MF % 2242

kWh/t

MF % 1567

kWh/tS0 0 0 0S1 113 5.0 7.2S2 228 10.2 -S3 315 14.1 20.1S5 387 17.3 -S7 493 22.0 31.4

• Highly refined TMP produced by batch with recirculation

• Constant power results in constant SEL and decreasing gap as fibres fibrillate and reduce in length and coarseness

• If staged operation subsequent stages would have decreased gap

• Constant gap reduces results in decreasing power and SEL with specific energy. Requires higher SRE to reduce fibre length

RECIRCULATION WITH CONSTANT GAP OR POWER

0.0000.0500.1000.1500.2000.2500.3000.3500.400

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Plat

e Ga

p (m

m)

SRE (kWh/t)

TMP-Constant Gap

TMP-Constant Power

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Fibr

e Le

ngth

LW (m

m)

SRE (kWh/t)

TMP-Constant Gap

TMP-Constant Power

Sample

HIGHLY REFINED TMP PRODUCTION

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 1 2 3 4 5

LW F

ibre

Fre

quen

cy (%

)

Fibre Length (mm)

0 kWh/t

313 kWh/t

493 kWh/t

1567 kWh/t

2242 kWh/t

0 kWh/t500 kWh/t1000 kWh/t1500 kWh/t

Chart1

0 kWh/t0.249999999999992340.499999999999992280.749999999999992450.999999999999992671.24999999999999291.49999999999999311.74999999999999331.99999999999999362.24999999999999292.4999999999999922.74999999999999112.99999999999999023.24999999999998933.49999999999998853.74999999999998763.99999999999998674.24999999999998584.49999999999998494.7499999999999844.99999999999998315.24999999999998225.49999999999998135.74999999999998055.99999999999997966.24999999999997876.49999999999997786.74999999999997696.9999999999999767.24999999999997517.49999999999997427.74999999999997347.99999999999997258.24999999999997518.49999999999997878.74999999999998228.99999999999998589.24999999999998939.49999999999999299.7499999999999964102.379.40299999999999877.056.35699999999999935.45099999999999965.2825.556.21700000000000055.67399999999999958.00600000000000027.54300000000000017.14599999999999996.79899999999999955.7229999999999993.4723.28900000000000061.8551.480.1290.274000000000000020.4289999999999999400.1590.167000000000000010.17499999999999999000000000000000313 kWh/t0.249999999999992340.499999999999992280.749999999999992450.999999999999992671.24999999999999291.49999999999999311.74999999999999331.99999999999999362.24999999999999292.4999999999999922.74999999999999112.99999999999999023.24999999999998933.49999999999998853.74999999999998763.99999999999998674.24999999999998584.49999999999998494.7499999999999844.99999999999998315.24999999999998225.49999999999998135.74999999999998055.99999999999997966.24999999999997876.49999999999997786.74999999999997696.9999999999999767.24999999999997517.49999999999997427.74999999999997347.99999999999997258.24999999999997518.49999999999997878.74999999999998228.99999999999998589.24999999999998939.49999999999999299.7499999999999964105.788000000000000323.93200000000000221.11400000000000117.11612.7710000000000018.08200000000000075.20900000000000052.34500000000000021.3631.17899999999999980.330.1830.294999999999999985.1999999999999998E-20.1116.0999999999999999E-2007.0000000000000007E-2000000000000000000000493 kWh/t0.249999999999992340.499999999999992280.749999999999992450.999999999999992671.24999999999999291.49999999999999311.74999999999999331.99999999999999362.24999999999999292.4999999999999922.74999999999999112.99999999999999023.24999999999998933.49999999999998853.74999999999998763.99999999999998674.24999999999998584.49999999999998494.7499999999999844.99999999999998315.24999999999998225.49999999999998135.74999999999998055.99999999999997966.24999999999997876.49999999999997786.74999999999997696.9999999999999767.24999999999997517.49999999999997427.74999999999997347.99999999999997258.24999999999997518.49999999999997878.74999999999998228.99999999999998589.24999999999998939.49999999999999299.7499999999999964109.653000000000000544.00927.36800000000000211.8640000000000014.20399999999999971.68000000000000020.675000000000000040.204000000000000019.4E-25.5E-20.11899999999999999007.8E-2000000000000000000000000001567 kWh/t0.249999999999992340.499999999999992280.749999999999992450.999999999999992671.24999999999999291.49999999999999311.74999999999999331.99999999999999362.24999999999999292.4999999999999922.74999999999999112.99999999999999023.24999999999998933.49999999999998853.74999999999998763.99999999999998674.24999999999998584.49999999999998494.7499999999999844.99999999999998315.24999999999998225.49999999999998135.74999999999998055.99999999999997966.24999999999997876.49999999999997786.74999999999997696.9999999999999767.24999999999997517.49999999999997427.74999999999997347.99999999999997258.24999999999997518.49999999999997878.74999999999998228.99999999999998589.24999999999998939.49999999999999299.74999999999999641032.45400000000000164.6430000000000012.38799999999999990.11406.7000000000000004E-2009.1999999999999998E-200.24299999999999999000000000000000000000000000002242 kWh/t0.249999999999992340.499999999999992280.749999999999992450.999999999999992671.24999999999999291.49999999999999311.74999999999999331.99999999999999362.24999999999999292.4999999999999922.74999999999999112.99999999999999023.24999999999998933.49999999999998853.74999999999998763.99999999999998674.24999999999998584.49999999999998494.7499999999999844.99999999999998315.24999999999998225.49999999999998135.74999999999998055.99999999999997966.24999999999997876.49999999999997786.74999999999997696.9999999999999767.24999999999997517.49999999999997427.74999999999997347.99999999999997258.24999999999997518.49999999999997878.74999999999998228.99999999999998589.24999999999998939.49999999999999299.74999999999999641057.67099999999999941.5030.51100000000000001000.134000000000000010.18099999999999999000000000000000000000000000000000

Fibre Length (mm)

LW Fibre Frequency (%)

Sheet1

[Bin size]S0ASum LW FRQS3AS3AS7AS7AS10CS10CS12CS12CS8 Kraft-missing

[Bin 0]0.0500000

[Bin 1]0.100000

[Bin 2]0.1500000

[Bin 3]0.200000

[Bin 4]0.252.372.375.7885.7889.6539.65332.45432.45457.67157.671

[Bin 5]0.32.5745.6569.76826.47126.059

[Bin 6]0.351.944.9649.57118.67711.024

[Bin 7]0.41.7224.599.07210.6563.176

[Bin 8]0.451.7714.427.9625.8720.842

[Bin 9]0.51.3969.4034.30223.9327.63644.0092.96764.6430.40241.503

[Bin 10]0.551.3934.4856.3651.3690

[Bin 11]0.61.4754.36.2690.7530.059

[Bin 12]0.651.4434.2715.8540.1710

[Bin 13]0.71.3194.3034.8150.0310.219

[Bin 14]0.751.427.053.75521.1144.06527.3680.0642.3880.2330.511

[Bin 15]0.81.3383.583.2770.0690

[Bin 16]0.851.053.8082.98500

[Bin 17]0.91.4353.2932.26200

[Bin 18]0.951.2353.0051.65800

[Bin 19]11.2996.3573.4317.1161.68211.8640.0450.11400

[Bin 20]1.050.8393.0591.24400

[Bin 21]1.11.3672.7810.86900

[Bin 22]1.151.1442.5190.9600

[Bin 23]1.21.0942.1190.55300

[Bin 24]1.251.0075.4512.29312.7710.5784.2040000

[Bin 25]1.31.1891.9020.6300.134

[Bin 26]1.350.9741.7740.38500

[Bin 27]1.41.2811.6080.33900

[Bin 28]1.451.0871.3750.12800

[Bin 29]1.50.7515.2821.4238.0820.1981.680.0670.06700.134

[Bin 30]1.551.2511.4690.30800

[Bin 31]1.61.0261.2260.10600

[Bin 32]1.650.870.580.07300

[Bin 33]1.71.2810.8870.1500.181

[Bin 34]1.751.1225.551.0475.2090.0380.6750000.181

[Bin 35]1.81.5060.5810.0800

[Bin 36]1.851.0330.540.08100

[Bin 37]1.91.4290.3780.04300

[Bin 38]1.951.4690.569000

[Bin 39]20.786.2170.2772.34500.2040000

[Bin 40]2.050.7430.28400.0920

[Bin 41]2.11.1120.1940.04700

[Bin 42]2.151.020.2310.04700

[Bin 43]2.21.4150.238000

[Bin 44]2.251.3845.6740.4161.36300.09400.09200

[Bin 45]2.31.3470.284000

[Bin 46]2.351.6480.291000

[Bin 47]2.41.4120.148000

[Bin 48]2.451.780.302000

[Bin 49]2.51.8198.0060.1541.1790.0550.0550000

[Bin 50]2.551.6410.040.05700

[Bin 51]2.61.7470.121000

[Bin 52]2.651.557000.1190

[Bin 53]2.71.3610.042000

[Bin 54]2.751.2377.5430.1270.330.0620.1190.1240.24300

[Bin 55]2.81.4150000

[Bin 56]2.851.2770000

[Bin 57]2.91.790.045000

[Bin 58]2.951.6530.045000

[Bin 59]31.0117.1460.0930.183000000

[Bin 60]3.051.1120000

[Bin 61]3.12.1720000

[Bin 62]3.150.9720.146000

[Bin 63]3.20.7170.099000

[Bin 64]3.251.8266.7990.050.295000000

[Bin 65]3.31.0190000

[Bin 66]3.350.940000

[Bin 67]3.41.9120.052000

[Bin 68]3.450.9670000

[Bin 69]3.50.8855.72300.0520.0780.0780000

[Bin 70]3.550.7970.055000

[Bin 71]3.60.8070.056000

[Bin 72]3.650.6150000

[Bin 73]3.70.7280000

[Bin 74]3.750.5253.47200.111000000

[Bin 75]3.80.5340000

[Bin 76]3.850.7560000

[Bin 77]3.90.6570.061000

[Bin 78]3.950.5540000

[Bin 79]40.7883.28900.061000000

[Bin 80]4.050.6840000

[Bin 81]4.10.4620000

[Bin 82]4.150.1160000

[Bin 83]4.20.3540000

[Bin 84]4.250.2391.85500000000

[Bin 85]4.30.2420000

[Bin 86]4.350.3670000

[Bin 87]4.40.370000

[Bin 88]4.450.3750000

[Bin 89]4.50.1261.4800000000

[Bin 90]4.550.1290.07000

[Bin 91]4.600000

[Bin 92]4.6500000

[Bin 93]4.700000

[Bin 94]4.7500.12900.07000000

[Bin 95]4.80.1360000

[Bin 96]4.8500000

[Bin 97]4.90.1380000

[Bin 98]4.9500000

[Bin 99]500.27400000000

[Bin 100]5.050.1410000

[Bin 101]5.10.1430000

[Bin 102]5.150.1450000

[Bin 103]5.200000

[Bin 104]5.2500.42900000000

[Bin 105]5.300000

[Bin 106]5.3500000

[Bin 107]5.400000

[Bin 108]5.4500000

[Bin 109]5.50000000000

[Bin 110]5.5500000

[Bin 111]5.600000

[Bin 112]5.650.1590000

[Bin 113]5.700000

[Bin 114]5.7500.15900000000

[Bin 115]5.800000

[Bin 116]5.8500000

[Bin 117]5.900000

[Bin 118]5.950.1670000

[Bin 119]600.16700000000

[Bin 120]6.0500000

[Bin 121]6.100000

[Bin 122]6.1500000

[Bin 123]6.20.1750000

[Bin 124]6.2500.17500000000

[Bin 125]6.300000

[Bin 126]6.3500000

[Bin 127]6.400000

[Bin 128]6.4500000

[Bin 129]6.50000000000

[Bin 130]6.5500000

[Bin 131]6.600000

[Bin 132]6.6500000

[Bin 133]6.700000

[Bin 134]6.750000000000

[Bin 135]6.800000

[Bin 136]6.8500000

[Bin 137]6.900000

[Bin 138]6.9500000

[Bin 139]70000000000

[Bin 140]7.0500000

[Bin 141]7.100000

[Bin 142]7.1500000

[Bin 143]7.200000

[Bin 144]7.250000000000

[Bin 145]7.300000

[Bin 146]7.3500000

[Bin 147]7.400000

[Bin 148]7.4500000

[Bin 149]7.50000000000

[Bin 150]7.5500000

[Bin 151]7.600000

[Bin 152]7.6500000

[Bin 153]7.700000

[Bin 154]7.750000000000

[Bin 155]7.800000

[Bin 156]7.8500000

[Bin 157]7.900000

[Bin 158]7.9500000

[Bin 159]80000000000

[Bin 160]8.0500000

[Bin 161]8.100000

[Bin 162]8.1500000

[Bin 163]8.200000

[Bin 164]8.250000000000

[Bin 165]8.300000

[Bin 166]8.3500000

[Bin 167]8.400000

[Bin 168]8.4500000

[Bin 169]8.50000000000

[Bin 170]8.5500000

[Bin 171]8.600000

[Bin 172]8.6500000

[Bin 173]8.700000

[Bin 174]8.750000000000

[Bin 175]8.800000

[Bin 176]8.8500000

[Bin 177]8.900000

[Bin 178]8.9500000

[Bin 179]90000000000

[Bin 180]9.0500000

[Bin 181]9.100000

[Bin 182]9.1500000

[Bin 183]9.200000

[Bin 184]9.250000000000

[Bin 185]9.300000

[Bin 186]9.3500000

[Bin 187]9.400000

[Bin 188]9.4500000

[Bin 189]9.50000000000

[Bin 190]9.5500000

[Bin 191]9.600000

[Bin 192]9.6500000

[Bin 193]9.700000

[Bin 194]9.750000000000

[Bin 195]9.800000

[Bin 196]9.8500000

[Bin 197]9.900000

[Bin 198]9.9500000

[Bin 199]100000000000

100100.001100.003100.001100

ISO LW FREQ

Legends0 kWh/t313 kWh/t493 kWh/t

1567 kWh/t2242 kWh/t2430 kWh/t (KMF)97.09799.174s753.66229.72

[Bin size]S0AS3AS7AS10CS12CS8 Kraft-missing

[Bin 4]0.252.375.7889.65332.45457.671

[Bin 9]0.59.40311.77323.93244.00964.64341.503

[Bin 14]0.757.0521.11427.3682.3880.511

[Bin 19]16.35717.11611.8640.1140

[Bin 24]1.255.45112.7714.20400

[Bin 29]1.55.2828.0821.680.0670.134

[Bin 34]1.755.555.2090.67500.181

[Bin 39]26.2172.3450.20400

[Bin 44]2.255.6741.3630.0940.0920

[Bin 49]2.58.0061.1790.05500

[Bin 54]2.757.54353.8690.330.1190.550.2430

[Bin 59]37.1460.183000

[Bin 64]3.256.7990.295000

[Bin 69]3.55.7230.0520.07800

[Bin 74]3.753.4720.111000

[Bin 79]43.2890.061000

[Bin 84]4.251.8550000

[Bin 89]4.51.480000

[Bin 94]4.750.1290.07000

[Bin 99]50.2740000

[Bin 104]5.250.4290000

[Bin 109]5.500000

[Bin 114]5.750.1590000

[Bin 119]60.1670000

[Bin 124]6.250.1750000

[Bin 129]6.500000

[Bin 134]6.7500000

[Bin 139]700000

[Bin 144]7.2500000

[Bin 149]7.500000

[Bin 154]7.7500000

[Bin 159]800000

[Bin 164]8.2500000

[Bin 169]8.500000

[Bin 174]8.7500000

[Bin 179]900000

[Bin 184]9.2500000

[Bin 189]9.500000

[Bin 194]9.7500000

[Bin 199]1000000

100100.001100.003100.001100


Fibre Length (mm)


[a]

Sheet2


Fibre Length (mm)



Fibre Length (mm)


• Produce highly refined TMP (MFC) at two energies

• 1567 kWhr/t• 2242 kWhr/t

• Create composites of unrefined TMP and highly refined TMP

• Compare with conventional LC refined pulp at same energies

• Also made composites with highly refined kraftpulp (2430 kWh/t) for comparison

EXPERIMENTAL

Sample#

LCR SRE kWh/t

MF % 2242

kWh/t

MF % 1567

kWh/tS0 0 0 0S1 113 5.0 7.2S2 228 10.2 -S3 315 14.1 20.1S5 387 17.3 -S7 493 22.0 31.4

• All samples have total specific energy = 315 kWht

• LCR TMP sample shows fibrils from LC refining.

• Refined fibres create a more closed sheet.

• Fibrils are bond to nearest fibres• Unrefined TMP fibres in composites retain

open structure• Composites contain more microfibers that

are longer and bond across multiple fibres

COMPOSITE COMPARISON – SEM IMAGES

• Tensile increase with energy is almost exactly the same with TMP

• Kraft MFC composite has significant increase in tensile strength

• TMP MFC composites have increased freeness at the same specific energy

• Unrefined fibres remain stiff and improving drainage

• However kraft MFC addition resulted in same freeness change as LC refining alone

TENSILE AND FREENESS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tens

ile In

dex

(kN

m/k

g)

Specific LC Refining Energy (kWh/t)

HC-TMP

LCR-TMP

HC+TMPMF(1567)

HC+TMPMF(2242)

HC+KMF(2430)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tens

ile In

dex

(kN

m/k

g)


LCR-TMP

HC+TMPMF(1567)

HC+TMPMF(2242)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600Fr

eene

ss (C

SF, m

L)


LCR-TMP

HC+TMPMF(1567)

HC+TMPMF(2242)

HC+KMF(2430)

(a)

• Increase in bulk – tensile for composite samples

• Unrefined TMP fibres set the sheet structure, thus bulk – MFC strengthens the fibre bonds without changing structure

• No change in Bulk-Tensile regardless of high/low energy TMP MFC or kraftMFC

• Bulk and freeness changes little by MFC addition

BULK TENSILE

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10 20 30 40 50 60

Bulk

(cm

3/g)

Tensile Index (kNm/kg)

LCR-TMP

HC+TMPMF(1567)

HC+TMPMF(2242)

HC+KMF(2430)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0100200300400500600700

Bulk

(cm

3/g)

Freeness (CSF, mL)

LCR-TMP

HC+TMPMF(1567)

HC+TMPMF(2242)

HC+KMF(2430)

• Tear decreases with specific energy in conventional LC refining TMP

• Tear increases with specific energy in composites with TMP MFC

• Tear is maximum with kraft MFC at 100 kWh/t

• Similar trends when looking at Tear-Tensile

• TMP MFC composites have similar Tear-tensile response

TEAR INDEX

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tear

Inde

x (m

Nm

²/g)


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

10 20 30 40 50 60Te

ar In

dex

(mN

m²/g

)

Tensile Index (kNm/kg)

LCR-TMP

HC+TMPMF(1567)

HC+TMPMF(2242)

HC+KMF(2430)

• TEA increases with energy• TMP MFC composites similar response to

energy • Kraft MFC composites large increase in

TEA• LC refined TMP provides little increase in

elongation• Addition of MFC significantly increase

elongation at given tensile

TENSILE ENERGY ABSORPTION

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00Te

nsile

Inde

x (k

Nm

/kg)

Elongation (%)

LCR-TMP

HC+TMPMF(1567)

HC+TMPMF(2242)

HC+KMF(2430)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 200 400 600

Tens

ile E

nerg

y Ab

sorp

tion

(J/m

2)


LCR-TMPHC+TMPMF(1567)HC+TMPMF(2242)HC+KMF(2430)

• Conventional LC refining of TMP increase scattering

• Addition of kraft MFC does not significantly increase scattering

LIGHT SCATTERING COEFFICIENT

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Scat

terin

g Co

effic

ient

(m2/

kg)


LCR-TMPHC+TMPMF(1567)HC+TMPMF(2242)HC+KMF(2430)

• Highly LC refined TMP is a practical means of producing a useful micro-fibreadditive to mechanical pulp

• Increase bulk, tear and elongation of mechanical pulp containing paper• Unrefined fibres retains the open structure and long fibres that leads to high bulk

and drainage and high tear while microfiber addition increases strength, elongation.

• Next steps• Explore use of pre-treatment to reduce energy • Explore use of fines fractionation systems to extract microfibers• Understand the impact of LC refiner intensity micro-fibre morphology and its impact on

paper properties

CONCLUSIONS

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17

lc refined microfiber mfc alternative for high …...lc refined microfiber mfc alternative for high...

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