lca-epp purchasing nt kst d dnetwork standard ansi scs-002-2 · nt kst d dnetwork standard ansi...

LCA-EPP Purchasing N t k St d dNetwork Standard

ANSI SCS-002-2

March 18, 2009 Stanley P. Rhodes, President

Scientific Certification SystemsScientific Certification Systems

The SCS Approach to Environmental Certification

ISO-14044: Life-Cycle Assessment

FSC: Responsible Forest Management

SCS-002 (ANSI): Life Cycle Impact

SCS-001 (ANSI): Sustainable Agricult

( ) y pAssessment

SCS-002-1 (ANSI):LCA Climate Programs & RegistriesSCS-002-2 (ANSI): LCA EPP Procurement Network

Registries

SCS 002 3 (ANSI):SCS-002-3 (ANSI):LCA Building Declarations

SCS-002 Standards Committee (ANSI) • US Department of EnergyUS epa t e t o e gy• US EPA• California Department of General Services

C lif i I t t d W t M t B d• California Integrated Waste Management Board• Pacific Gas & Electric• US Steel Industry• City of San Francisco • Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS)• Resilient Flooring Association• Resilient Flooring Association• BIFMA• Armstrong World Industries• HNI Corporation• Shaw Industries, Inc. • SCSSCS• Berkeley Analytical Associates, LLC

Global Standardization of LCA Practices and MetricsPractices and Metrics

2000 ISO 14044 Life‐Cycle Framework Assessment

2005 ASTM E06.71.10 LCA Metric Standards

2009 ANSI SCS 002 LCA Metric Standards2009 ANSI SCS 002 LCA Metric Standards‐ SCS 002‐1 LCA Climate Registries‐ SCS 002‐2 LCA EPP Procurement Network ‐ SCS 002‐3 LCA Building Declarations‐ SCS 002‐3 LCA Building Declarations

2009 EU LCA Metric Standards

Current “Green” Programs Use of Non-Standardizing LCAg• Converting LCA into Credits—Many of the current “green”

programs grant some limited credits for conducting non d di d LCA d ll i hil i i hstandardized LCA data collection while ignoring the outcome

of trade offs discovered by standardized LCA assessment practices.

• Non Standardized LCA claims — Type 1 Ecologo programs claim to use life cycle thinking or attributes even though no

h LCA t f k i t ithi t d di dsuch LCA assessment framework exists within standardized LCA assessment practice.

• Greenwashing LCA —Many sustainability and green standards incorporate limited and arbitrary aspects of LCA while asserting it is premature to use a standardized LCA

t tiassessment practice.

Standardization of LCA PracticeSpecifications of SCS 002-2

✔Specifies the LCA Scope

✔Specifies the LCIA Impact Groups

✔Specifies the LCIA Category Indicators

✔Specifies the Human Health Thresholds (Precautionary)

✔Specifies the Environmental Thresholds (Precautionary)

✔Specifies the LCA Database Requirementsp q

✔Specifies ISO 65 accreditation of LCA practitioners

Standardized Sources of LCA Data

Government DatabasesSPOLD SPINE ECOSPOLD Eco Invent EPIDSPOLD, SPINE, ECOSPOLD, Eco‐Invent, EPID

Commercial DatabasesSimaPro, GaBi, Umberto, KCL ECO, Boustead, TRACI

Published LCA Studies/Peer Reviewed JournalsPublished LCA Studies/Peer Reviewed Journals 1000s of published research papersSETAC, International Journal of LCA

Standardized LCA Process Steps

1. Industrial Production Flows Diagrams

Mapping out the industrial process

2. LCI Data Collection

Material/Energy input data

Basic emissions data

3. LCIA Data Processing

Establishing Impact Profiles

Primary Energy

Production

Cradle-to-Gate

Cut and punchMetal

Components

Cut Wood

Components

Gate-to-Gate

InstallationImpacts

Gate-to-Grave

Primary Metal

Production

Primary

Form Metal

Components

AdhereVeneer or Laminate

Ergonomics& Indoor Air

Primary Particleboard

Production

Primary Plastic / foam

Join Metal

Components

Clean

MachineVeneer/Laminate

Components

Join Energy

Cleaning &

Durability

Production

Primary Glass / fiberglass

Production

MetalComponents

PaintMetal

C t

Veneer/LaminateComponents

FinishVeneer Product

P d t

End-of-LifeManagement

Consumption

Primary Paint& AdhesiveProduction

Primary H d d

Components

AssembleMetal Furniture

Product

Product

AssembleLaminateProduct

AssembleVeneerProduct

HardwoodProduction

Primary FabricProduction

FacilityEnergy &

Operations

PackageFurnitureProduct

ShiBasic materials

used to manufacture office furniture

ShipFurnitureProduct

Basic furniture manufacturing operations.Use and User

Decisions

Set up Phase

LCI Information — ExamplesLCI Information Examples Example 2: Office Paper

weight total of all types of office paper purchasedweight total of all types of office paper purchased

source location of the paper supplies

% recycled content and source of furnish

bleaching systems and mill technology configuration

emission records from mills

Example 1: Vehicle Purchases

number and type of cars/trucks purchased and leased

mpg of each vehicle (justified mpg for applicant’s locationmpg of each vehicle (justified mpg for applicant s location and use patterns)

number of miles driven by each vehicle

maintenance recordsmaintenance records

Standardized Life Cycle Impact Groups

Specific Issue Impact GroupsNatural Resource Depletion

Habitats/Key Species Loss

Human Health/Environmental Emission Levels

Human Health Exposure levels u a ea posu e e e s

Climate Changing Impact GroupsGlobal Climate Impacts

Arctic Climate Impacts

Antarctica Climate ImpactsAntarctica Climate Impacts

LCIA Metrics Account for all Major GHG Sources of Global and Regional Climate Impacts

Global Climate Category Indicators

LCIA Climate Metrics

C‐CAR RegistryClimate MetricsCategory Indicators Metrics

(GWP Index)Climate Metrics(GWP Index)

Carbon Dioxide 1 1

Other GHG long‐ 300‐12 000 300‐12 000Other GHG long‐lived Emissions

300‐12,000 300‐12,000

Methane 72 21

Tropospheric 342 Not Addressed

Arctic Climate Category Indicators


C‐CAR RegistryClimate Metrics

Methane 72 Not AddressedTropospheric Ozone

342 Not Addressed

Soot 10,000 Not Addressed

Tropospheric Ozone

342 Not Addressed

Soot 12 000‐24 000 Not Addressed

Antarctic Climate Category Indicators


C‐CAR RegistryClimate Metrics

Soot 12,000‐24,000 Not AddressedTropospheric Ozone

342 Not Addressed

Soot, Methane, Tropospheric Ozone Pollutants are causing 90% of the Arctic Warming

Be Really Scared - Antarctica Melting

LCIA Metrics Track Brazilian Tropospheric Ozonep p

Creeping Death ZonesEutrophication Kills All Sea Lifep

90% of Bio-Fuels used by California drivers are linked to the “Dead Zone” in the Gulf of Mexico

Oceanic Acidification is Destroying the World’s Remaining Coral Reefs

SCS-002-2St d di d LCA P tiStandardized LCA Practices

For EPP Purchasing Network

Legal Definition of Environmentally Preferable Products

“Products that have a lesser or reduced impact levels on human health and the environmentlevels on human health and the environment when compared with standard products [or baselines] that serve the same purpose”baselines] that serve the same purpose

(Executive Order 13101)

Standardized LCA can directly implement EPP goals WITHOUT the need for the “Green Label/Procurement Filter”

ANSI SCS 002-2 LCIA Baselines

Procurement Baselines provides the current LCIA impact levels from total purchases of all product categories.

System Baselines (e.g. copiers or the office paper printing system) provides the LCIA impact levels of such integrated systems.

P d t B li id th LCIA i t l l fProduct Baselines provides the LCIA impact levels of standard products.

SCS-002-2 LCA Network Database

PaperPaperPaperPaperPaperPaper

TonerTonerTonerTonerTonerToner

VehicleVehicleVehicle

How to Determine Key Product Categories (Established as a % of YOUR LCIA Baseline)

Priority Group 1. 50% of Baseline Impact Levels

(e.g., computers, copiers, paper, auto fleet)


(e.g., toner cartridges, paint, cleaners)


Non‐energy related capital goods and minor suppliesNon‐energy related capital goods and minor supplies

Red Flag Priority: product categories and brands that involve t l hi h l l f i t d th f iextremely high levels of impacts and therefore may require

specific targeted impact reduction strategies.

Priority Priority 2 Priority 1 ‐ Red Flagged

Impact Vehicle35

Vehicle40

Impacts R d d

VirginP

100% R l d

Trade ffCategories 35 mpg

Baseline40 mpg Reduced Paper

BaselineRecycled Paper

offs

Purchased Quantity 200 cars/annu

200 cars/annu

500,000 reams

500,000reamscars/annu

m cars/annu

m reams reams

Abiotic/Biotic Resource Depletion

Non‐Ren Energy (Gj) 5,231 4,577 654 19,090 8,910 ‐10,180Non Ren Energy (Gj) 5,231 4,577 654 19,090 8,910 10,180

Wood Resources (tons) NA Neg. Neg. .

Landscape Disruption

Habitats (hectares) 59 59

Emissions/Wastes

Greenhouse Gases (tons) 701 613 88 ‐3,470 1,270 ‐4,750

Oceanic Acid (tons) 234 205 29 ‐1,140 420 ‐1,156

Regional Acid (tons) 1 1 Neg. 2.6 3.3 ‐0.7

Smog Exposures (persons) 100 87 13 170 150Smog Exposures (persons) 100 87 13 170 150

PM 2.5 (persons) 140 122 18 410 530 ‐120

Clay Wastes (tons) NC Neg. 1,000 ‐1,000

FSC Certified Recycled Content Paper Mills

100% FSC Certified/Recycled PaperRed Flagged Trade OffsRed Flagged Trade Offs

Trade‐off for GHG

FSC Mill Location Distance to Sacramento

Non‐Renewable Energy Resource

Depletion GHG Radiative Force

Loading

Radiative Forcing (compared to 100% virgin)

(miles) (eq GJ of oil) (eq t CO2) (eq t CO2)

Baseline ‐ 100% recycled contentBaseline 100% recycled content

EcoInvent database n/a 621 19,090 1,480 4,950

Domestic‐sourced recycled content

West Linn Paper Co West Linn, OR 577 9913 1,237 4,707

Gray's Harbor Paper Hoquiam WA 726 12473 1 556 5 026Gray s Harbor Paper Hoquiam, WA 726 12473 1,556 5,026

Clearwater Paper Lewiston, ID 798 13710 1,711 5,181

Moorim (US Baseline) Denver, CO 886 15222 1,899 5,369

Domtar Nekoosa, WI 1,672 28727 3,584 7,054

Mohawk West Chicago, IL 2,018 34671 4,326 7,796

GPA McCook, IL 2,045 35135 4,384 7,854

Neenah Neenah, WI 2,113 36303 4,530 8,000

Wausau Wausau, WI 2,130 36596 4,566 8,036

Import‐sourced recycled contentN L f P S F i

For every purchase of 500,000 reams of FSC New Leaf Paper (distributor)

San Francisco, CA 88 NC NC NC

Certified Paper from the Wausau Mill, 8,036 Tons of Greenhouse Gas Loading are added to the Procurement GHG Baseline from CO2 emissions.

Red Flagged Total Chlorine Free (TCF) Bleached 100% Recycled Paper:

Toxic Unit of Virgin 100% Recycled Red ChemicalEmissions

Measure (per kg paper produced)

Paper Processing

ECF

Paper Reprocessing

TCF

Flagged Trade Off

PCBs μg 0 370 ‐370

Dioxins μg <0.001 40 ‐40

Endocrine disruptors

μg 0 162 ‐162

I t L l f P d t

Red Flagged Declaration 100% Recycled Office Paper, TCF*

R l t I t C t i

RESOURCE DEPLETION

Impact Levels of Product(Compared to Standard Virgin Paper)

Non-Renewable Energy ResourcesWater

W d R

Relevant Impact Categories

LANDSCAPE DISRUPTION

Wood Resources

Terrestrial Habitat

River Habitat

Riparian & Wetland Habitat

IMPACTS FROM EMISSIONS

Accumulated GHG Loading

Oceanic Acidification

Key Species


Regional AcidificationEco toxic Loading

Eutrophication (Regional)Ground Level Ozone Exposures

PM 2 5 Exposure

HAZARDOUS WASTES

PM 2.5 ExposureSystemic Toxic Chemicals (Dermal, Ingestion)

Clay Waste

Lower Impact Level Higher Impact Level* Based on Life-Cycle Impact Assessment (SCS-002)

Average Impact Levelvirgin Paper

Certified Low Impact Paper

All FSC Certified Fiber50 % Virgin50 % Virgin

50 % locally sourced recycled fiber

Regional Distribution Oregon ‐Washington mills only

Toxic FreeAdvanced ECF bleaching with tertiary WWTAdvanced ECF bleaching with tertiary WWT

Inbound of recycled fiber shipment tested for Dioxins, PCBs

I t L l f P d t

Certified Low Impact Office Paper*50% Recycled /50% FSC Fiber, Locally Sourced, Toxic Free

R l t I t C t i

RESOURCE DEPLETION

Impact Levels of Product(Compared to Standard Virgin Paper)


W d R



Wood Resources

Terrestrial Habitat

River Habitat



Accumulated GHG Loading


Key Species


Regional AcidificationEco toxic Loading

Eutrophication (Regional)Ground Level Ozone Exposures

PM 2 5 Exposure

HAZARDOUS WASTES

PM 2.5 ExposureSystemic Toxic Chemicals (Dermal, Ingestion)

Clay Waste


Average Impact Levelvirgin Paper

Office Paper Printing System

Inputs

•PaperOutputs

•Printed paper•Energy•Toner cartridges

•Waste paper

•Spent toner cartridges•Use PM emissions

LCIA of Office Paper Printing System (per ream of printed pages)

t f t‐amount of toner

‐amount of energy required by copier

‐amount of PM emissions from toner

‐impacts to produce ream of paper and toner cartridge

‐impacts from maintenance

Impacts from Copiers/PaperCopier/Printer/Energy Performance Characteristics•Energy Requirements

•Frequency of repairs•Frequency of repairs• Repairs require additional travel, replacement parts

•Power savings modes, etc.

Paper Recycle/Virgin DifferentialPaper Recycle/Virgin Differential • Impacts levels of total paper printed per ream (recycled vs. virgin)

• Quality of paper affecting printer performance

T C t id R d/N Diff ti lToner Cartridges – Reused/New Differential•Impacts from collection of used toner cartridges

•Impacts levels of toner production per cartridge

l l•Structural toner cartridges quality issues•Variation of paper types to toner use/page (e.g. glossy paper)

I t L l f EPP P d t

Red Flagged Declaration BioBased (Palm Oil) Wood Preservative Formulation

R l t I t C t i

RESOURCE DEPLETION

Impact Levels of EPP Product(Compared to Standard ACQ Baseline)


C



Copper

Terrestrial Habitat

River Habitat

Lake Habitat


Accumulated GHG (2040)



Key Species


Regional Acidification

Smog

Particulates

Neurotoxicity

H S t i T i it

RISKS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTES

Human Systemic Toxicity

Eutrophication

ECO Toxicity

Mining Wastes

34


ACQ BaselineImpact Level

Destruction of Rainforests from Palm Oil Production

F tForest Cover 1950

Forest Cover 1985

Projected ProjectedForest Cover 2010

Forest Cover 2030

35

Endgame for the OrangutanPalm oil production is taking out the last orangutan habitatsPalm oil production is taking out the last orangutan habitats

36

f

Certified Low Impact Wood Preservative Formulation

C

RESOURCE DEPLETION

Impact Levels of EPP Product(Compared to Standard ACQ Baseline)



C


Copper

Terrestrial Habitat

River Habitat

Lake Habitat





Key Species


Regional Acidification

Smog

Particulates

Neurotoxicity

H S t i T i it

RISKS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTES

Human Systemic Toxicity

Eutrophication

ECO Toxicity

Mining Wastes


ACQ BaselineImpact Level

I t L l f EPP P d t

Red Flagged DeclarationNSF-140 Certified Sustainable Carpet – Platinum Level*

R l t I t C t i

RESOURCE DEPLETION

Impact Levels of EPP Product(Compared to Standard Carpet)


Bi b d R



Biobased Resources

Terrestrial Habitat

River Habitat





Key Species

Oceanic AcidificationEcotoxicity

Eutrophication (Regional)Systemic Toxic Chemicals (Dermal, Ingestion)

Indoor Inhalation Hazards

WASTESWaste

38


Average Impact LevelBroadloom Carpet

I t L l f EPP P d t

Certified Low Impact Carpet*Tertiary Recycled Nylon 6 Broadloom Carpet — ANSI SCS 002

R l t I t C t i

RESOURCE DEPLETION

Impact Levels of EPP Product(Compared to Standard Carpet)


Bi b d R



Biobased Resources

Terrestrial Habitat

River Habitat





Key Species

Oceanic AcidificationEcotoxicity

Eutrophication (Regional)Systemic Toxic Chemicals (Dermal, Ingestion)

Indoor Inhalation Hazards

RISKS FROM HAZARDOUS WASTESPVC Waste

39


Average Impact LevelBroadloom Carpet

The Home Depot Eco Options Programp g

• SCS has worked with the Home Depot since 19911991.

• 350 million Eco Options products sold 2008.

B i f E O ti l b li d t• Basis of Eco Options labeling — products must be “environmentally preferable” based upon the LCA framework.

41

EPP Procurement Annual Impact Reduction Report

2009 LCIA Impact Reduction Highlights

✔620,000 barrels of Oil saved

✔400,000 tons of Greenhouse Gases eliminated

✔40,000 fewer exposures to Smog

✔65.000 fewer exposures to PM 2.5

42

✔ 7 Red Flags eliminated

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