lcs#2:language and writing
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Language and Writing
From Orality to Literacy
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Language
•humans are distinguished as a species by their advanced capacity to use language
• language is the means for connecting the internal world of the organism to the external world of natural and social phenomena
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• Language is the most important development in the history of humankind.
• Other animals have forms of communication. Higher order mammals even display signs of symbolic communication.
• No other species has the advanced capacity for language and the ability to utilize abstraction to convey internal consciousness, natural phenomena and time.
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Languages are not static--they evolve over time
•Old English - Largely Germanic
•Middle English - Fusion with French
•Elizabethan English - Development of Print, Empire
•Modern English -Still evolving, but with a standardization of grammar and vocabulary
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History of Writing
•Approximately 5000 years old
•Earliest example is Cuneiform
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Cuneiform
•Created by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia
•Likely began as pictographs that became abstracted into symbols
•Drawn on Clay tablets with a stylus
•Used for keeping records
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Egyptian Hieroglyphics
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Indus Valley Seal
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Ancient Chinese Script