le gnl comme carburant pour les navires développement du

Le GNL comme carburant pour les navires Développement du Code IGF

Septembre 2012

Jacques Desdouits [email protected]

2 IGF Code - September 2012

History: engines burning gas on ships

► 2000: Glutra

► 2006: first LNG carriers using dual fuel engines

► 2012: - LNG carriers - 28 Norwegian ships (ferries, off-shore vessel, patrol ship) - Chemical carrier (Bit Viking) - Sweden

Glutra


Rules and regulations

► SOLAS: flash point of the fuel must be above 60°C

► One exception: LNG carriers can burn cargo boil-off vapours

► A specific regulatory frame is necessary for ships that are not concerned by IGC Code

► December 2004: Guidelines are proposed to IMO by Norway: based on the first ships experience


Rules and regulations

► June 2009: MSC.285(86) Resolution is published by IMO Interim Guidelines on the safety for Natural gas-fuelled engine installation in ships.

Those Guidelines apply to ships other than LNG carriers and are not mandatory.

► IMO correspondence group starts working on a specific Code in 2009 [Sub-Committee on Bulk Liquids and Gases (BLG)].

► France: Bureau Veritas – Cryostar – GTT – STX - Gazocean and the French Administration

► IACS correspondence group in charge of following IMO work up


Scope of IGF Code (International Gas of Safety for ships using gases or other low flash point fuels)

► Intended to address:

Mainly Natural Gas

Other gases (LPG)

Low flash point fuels (FP < 60°C)

• Methanol – ethanol – hydrogen – synthetic fuels

Storage: liquid or compressed

All energy converters types:

• Low and high pressure internal combustion engines, gas turbines, boilers, fuel cells


IGF Code - schedule

► Deadline for the submission of the final draft to IMO: delayed to BLG 17: February 2013

► Application : SOLAS 2014

► MSC.285(86) should be revoked

► Report: October 2012 for submission ~ early November


Main technical issues: tank types

► Any containment systems can be accepted provided that the requirements of IGC Code are met. Including:

Independent tanks Type A (complete secondary barrier)

Independent tanks Type B (partial secondary barrier)

Independent tanks Type C (pressure vessel)

Membrane type tanks (complete secondary barrier) – BLG 15

► Portable tanks for use as bunker tanks or for refuelling

Can be accepted – BLG 16

Containers and trucks


Main technical issues: ESD concept

► Arrangement of gas plant in machinery spaces : 2 possible solutions

Gas safe machinery spaces : double walled piping system and monitoring of the primary barrier integrity

ESD protected machinery spaces: protected by means of gas detection and de-energization of all equipment that are not suitable for hazardous areas zone 1.

► Sensitive matter

“ESD concept” is not allowed for gas carriers (IGC Code revision)

Always a controversial issue

► Terms of reference

the correspondence group established at BLG 14 was instructed to consider possible limitations to the application of the ESD concept


Main technical issues: Tank location - distance from the hull

► MSC.285(86) and BV NR529

Passenger ships: B/5

Other ships: 760 mm

► IGF Code correspondence group

Not yet finalized

Should be discussed during next session of BLG Sub-Committee


Tank location: distance from the hull Application to a cargo ship - tendencies

► Location of the tank closer than B/5 from the ship side

Should be allowed

Up to now, all tank types (membrane, independent tanks) are considered in the same way

Up to now, not dependent of the proximity of accommodation

High probability that a collision study or similar approach is necessary for acceptance on a cargo ship

► Attention is to be paid to the next discussions within the CG


Main technical issues: Tank location - gas fuel tanks below accommodation

► Gas carriers: cargo area separated from accommodations

► Location of the tanks below accommodations is not forbidden by MSC.285(86)

► One of the most controversial issue within the industry

► Quite necessary for some projects

passenger ships

ferries


Tank location: gas fuel tanks below accommodation Bureau Veritas approach

► Bureau Veritas approach

Flexibility

Additional risks must be identified and properly addressed

► Risks

Leakage from cargo tank or fuel gas system leading to explosive atmosphere

• In the tank storage room

• In the accommodations

Leakage (cargo tank or fuel gas system) leading to ship structure failure

Fire / explosion

► Bureau Veritas promotes Hazid (Hazard Identification) techniques


►Hazard Risk ranking Recommendations Responsibilities ►Hazard Risk ranking Recommendations ►Hazard Risk ranking

HAZID

LNG Bunkering

Cargo Operations

Sea Going Operations

Operations considered essential to LNG propulsion and power generation

►Hazard

Areas considered essential to LNG propulsion and power generation

LNG Bunkering Station

LNG Fuel Tanks

Fuel Gas Supply room

Passage ways

Engine Room

Vent Mast


Main technical issues: tanks arrangement – gas only installations

► Number of tanks

MSC.285(86) §2.6.2.3 and §2.6.3.2:

“For single fuel installations (gas only), the fuel storage should be divided between two or more tanks of approximately equal size. The tanks should be located in separate compartments.”

Question : for single gas fuel installations, would only one type C tank be acceptable if a full redundancy of transfer / vaporization system is provided?


Main technical issues: Hazardous areas

► MSC.285(86): Definition and size of the hazardous areas are different from what is required for gas carriers

► Rules developed for ships with small quantities of gas (a few hundreds of cubic metres)

► IGF Code addresses all sizes of installations and there is a great diversity of projects

Hundreds of m3

Thousands of m3

Tens or hundreds of litres (small fuel cells)

► Application of IEC standard for tankers (IEC 60092-502)

Would be reasonable above a certain quantity (500 m3 ? 1000 m3 ? other ?)

Would be out of proportion for small installations or small ships

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Bunkering

► IGF Code does not cover operational aspects of the LNG bunkering nor equipment that are not permanently fixed on the gas-fuelled ship

BLG 14: « only the part of the operation related to the ship itself is within the scope of IMO’s work »

ISO standard under development (ISO TC67/WG10)

► Bunkering principles

Trucks or gas station

Barge or supply LNG-carrier and ship-to-ship transfer

Portable tanks : it is proposed to define bunkering as follows: “bunkering” = connection of the tank to the fixed piping system

Flexibles hoses or loading arms

► Simultaneous operations (cargo or passengers)


Training - qualification

► Crew assistance of the IMO Sub-Committee on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping (STW)

► Other persons on board


Projects

► Large Container ships (Type B tanks, membrane tanks)

►Small container ships (containerized tanks)

► Ferries (portable tanks)

►Cruise ships (independent type C tanks)

► Fishing vessels (compressed natural gas)

► Tankers (Deck tank)

► Tugs / pushers (independent type C tanks)

►Gas carriers (LPG carriers + additional LNG tank)

►…

► + bunker ships

le gnl comme carburant pour les navires développement du

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