Le Salon de Monsieur Varghese

• 1. Homework: read R66-R70 & ANSWER questions– Leviathan: Thomas Hobbes

– The Spirit of Laws: le Baron de Montesquieu

– The Declaration of Independence: Thomas Jefferson

– The Wealth of Nations: Adam Smith

– A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: Mary Wollstonecraft

• 2. Come prepared to discuss your answers & the documents!

• 3. Bring your favorite (morning) drink…coffee, juice, etc.

• 4. Recreation of a Salon of the Enlightenment…so wear a fancy hat to get into the role of a Philosophe.

WarmUp #2

• Read “The Two Views on Society” on pg. 576 & answer the question comparing & contrasting the views of human nature of Thomas Hobbes & John Locke.

The Enlightenment

18th Century intellectuals used the ideas of the Scientific Revolution to

reexamine life.

reason: applying the scientific method to all of life

Philosophes & Their Ideas

• Philosophe: thinker of the Enlightenment

• met in salons: living rooms of wealthy families to discuss ideas/philosophies

• increased literacy, newspapers published, etc.

John Locke

tabula rasa---everyone is born with a blank slate, in which society fills in & shapes their perspectives

natural laws govern human interactions

natural rights: the rights that humans are born with (i.e. life, liberty, property)

Baron de Montesquieu

• wrote Spirit of Laws (1748): applied scientific method to government

• 3 branches of government– legislative: makes laws– executive: enforces laws– judicial: interprets laws

• separation of powers• checks & balances

– very influential for United States Constitution

Voltaire• wrote Treatise of

Toleration (1763)

• strong critic of Christianity– believed in tolerance

• deism: God as a “clockmaker”– made the world

(Creator) & now just lets it run…without intervention

Diderot• compiled writings of

Philosophes & his own articles on philosophy, government, economics, etc. in Encyclopedia

• purpose: to change the general way of thinking

• bought by doctors, lawyers, clergy, teachers, etc.– spread Enlightenment ideas

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• believed that over time, governments began to enslave their people under their influence (instead of protecting as first purposes)

• wrote Social Contract (1762)

• believed individuals in society agree to be governed, by general will, for common good

• social contract: the idea that people give up some of their rights, in return for protection by the government (Hobbes)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Adam Smith

• wrote Wealth of Nations (1776)

• government should not be involved in the economy (laissez-faire)

• the government has 3 roles:– protect society from foreign invasion (army)– defend citizens from injustice (police)– public works (roads, canals, etc.)

Adam Smith

Mary Wollstonecraft• founder of women’s

rights movement• wrote A Vindication of

the Rights of Woman• argued Enlightenment

ideas…ALSO apply to women– should not be completely

controlled by her husband

• wanted better educational opportunities for women

Read: R70 Excerpt from: “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” Answer: the following questions in your notes.

• 1) How would Mary Wollstonecraft view education for women in western societies today?

• 2) How would Mary Wollstonecraft view the influence of popular media (i.e. television, social networking, fashion magazines, etc.) on women?

Philosophes of the Philosophes of the Enlightenment:Enlightenment:

Enlightenment Ideas/Writings:Enlightenment Ideas/Writings:

John Locke

Baron de Montesquieu

Voltaire

Diderot

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Adam Smith

Mary Wollstonecraft

Closure #1

• 1. What was The Enlightenment?(pg. 574)

• 2. Read pg. 578 & explain what an enlightened despot is.– Give an example of an enlightened despot.