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Last update: June, 2018

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LEADER 3 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS

INDEX Card 1_01

Past perfect

Simple Past x Past Perfect

Card 1_02 Simple Past / Past Perfect

Card 1_03 Simple Past / Past Perfect

Card 1_04 Past Perfect / Simple Past

Card 1_05 Past Perfect Card 1_06 Past Perfect

Card 1_07 Past Perfect

Card 1_08 Past Perfect

Card 2_01

Pres Perf: how long, since, for

Present Perfect

Card 2_02 Present Perfect with FOR / SINCE




Card 3_01 Simple Past x Past Continuous x

Past Perfect

Simple Past x Past Continuous x Past Perfect (1)

Card 3_02 Simple Past x Past Continuous x Past Perfect (2)

Card 3_03 Past Tenses exercise

Card 4_01

Present perfect x simple past

Simple Past / Present Perfect

Card 4_02 Simple Past / Present Perfect

Card 4_03 Simple Past x Present Perfect



Card 4_06 Mixed Verb Tenses



Card 4_09 Present Perfect x Simple Past




Card 5_01

Present perfect continuous (vs.

Present perfect)

Present Perfect Continuous

Card 5_02 Present Perfect Continuous

Card 5_03 Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous

Card 5_04 Present Perfect x Present Perfect Continuous



Card 6_01

Future forms contrasted

Future – Reading comprehension

Card 6_02 Future – Will

Card 6_03 Future – Present continuous / going to / will

Card 6_04 Future – Will / going to / present continuous

Card 7_01

Used

WOULD vs. USED TO

Card 7_02 WOULD vs. USED TO

Card 7_03 WOULD vs. USED TO

Card 8_01

Superlatives and comparatives

Superlatives

Card 8_02 Superlatives






Card 8_05

Superlatives and comparatives

Superlatives


Card 8_07 Comparatives (1)




Card 9_01

A / an / the / no article

The

Card 9_02 Articles

Card 9_03 Articles

Card 9_04 Articles

Card 9_05 Articles

Card 9_06 Articles

Card 10_01 Can, could, be able to (ability)

BE ABLE TO / CAN / COULD

Card 10_02 Modals




LEADER 3 – Card 1_01

SIMPLE PAST X PAST PERFECT

Directions: Fill in the blanks using the verbs in the parenthesis. Follow the

example.

Example: My car ________ (to stop) because I ________ (to forget) to put some

gas in it.

Answer: My car stopped because I had forgotten to put some gas in it.

1. Susan ________________ (to live) in Scotland before she ________________

(to move) to Australia.

2. I ________________ (to call) you before you ________________ (to leave)

your house.

3. Before Tom ________________ (to sing) my favorite song he

________________ (to play) the piano for me.

4. They ________________ (to decide) to go to the movies before I

________________ (to get) there.

5. I ________________ (to be) very tired because I ________________ (to work)

the whole day.

6. John _______________ (to watch) the whole movie after I

_______________(to go) to bed.

7. Rick ________________ (to do) his homework after he ________________ (to

play) baseball.

8. I ________________ (to buy) a new pair of shoes before I ________________

(to get) my paycheck.

9. Reese ________________ (to stop) running after he ________________ (to

see) me.

10. Wally ________________ (to leave) by the time I ________________ (to

arrive).





SIMPLE PAST X PAST PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

1. had lived / moved

2. had called / left

3. sang / had played

4. had decided / got

5. was / had worked

6. watched / had gone

7. did / had played

8. had bought / got

9. stopped / had seen

10. had left / arrived





SIMPLE PAST / PAST PERFECT

Directions: Complete the sentences using the simple past or past perfect.

1. By the time I ______________ (to get) there, they ______________ already

____________ the cake. (to cut)

2. I ____________ (to buy) a new car after I ____________ (to crash) my old one.

3. My parents ____________ (to live) in Hungary before they ____________ (to

move) to France.

4. After he ____________ (to see) the doctor, he ____________ (to get) better.

5. Suzan ____________ (to phone) her boss before she ____________ (to take) her

car to the garage.

6. Gina ____________ (to break) her leg after she ____________ (to play) football.

7. Tom ____________ (to be) very tired because he ____________ (to work) hard

all day.

8. She ____________ just ____________ (to step) into her office when the

telephone ____________. (to ring)

9. Bill ____________ (to hope) to retire at 60, but they ____________ (to persuade)

him to stay on for a few more years.






ANSWER KEY:

1. got/ had/ cut

2. bought/ had crashed

3. had lived/ moved

4. had seen/ got

5. had phoned/ took

6. broke/ had played

7. was/ had worked

8. had stepped/ rang

9. had hoped/ persuaded






Directions: Complete the sentences using the simple past or the past perfect.

1. Her father _____________ (die) in 2006. He _____________ (to be) ill since

2004.

2. Carolina __________________ (to marry) Tom in 2001. She

__________________ (to know) him for 10 years.

3. She __________________ (to return) to Scotland in 2005. She

__________________ (to live) in the USA for 20 years.

4. He __________________ (to see) his daughter again in 2003. She

__________________ (not to see) since 1999.

5. Carlos and Ellen __________________ (to get) divorced in 2002. They

__________________ (to be) married for 14 years.

6. Lillian __________________ (to retire) in 2004. She __________________

(to work) as a secretary since 1978.

7. Daddy __________________ (leave) Russia in early 1990’s. He

__________________ (to meet) Ivan there.

8. David __________________ (to remarry) in 1998. He __________________

(to be) single for 5 years.






ANSWER KEY:

1. died/ had been

2. married/ had known

3. returned/ had lived

4. saw/ hadn’t seen

5. got/ had been

6. retired/ had worked

7. left/ had met

8. remarried/ had been





PAST PERFECT / SIMPLE PAST

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the Past Perfect or Simple Past.

1. After Fred ________________ (to spend) his holiday in Italy, he

________________ (to want) to learn Italian.

2. Jill ________________ (to phone) Marta at work before she

________________ (to leave) for her trip.

3. Philip ________________ (to turn on) the radio after he ________________

(to wash) the dishes.

4. When she ________________ (to arrive). the match ________________

________________ (to start - already)

5. After the man ________________ (to come) home, he ________________ (to

feed) the cat.

6. Before he ________________ (to sing) a song, he ________________ (to play)

the guitar.

7. She ________________ (to watch) a video after the children

________________ (to go) to bed.

8. After Eric ________________ (to make) breakfast, he ________________ (to

phone) his friend.





PAST PERFECT / SIMPLE PAST

ANSWER KEY:

1. had spent/ wanted

2. had phoned/ left

3. turned on/ had washed

4. arrived/ had already started

5. had come/ fed

6. sang/ had played

7. watched/ had gone

8. had made/ phoned





PAST PERFECT

Directions: Complete the blanks of this diary with the correct form of the verbs:

"Last night as I (1.wait) ________________ for Jack (2.come)

______________ home, the phone (3.ring) ________________ and it (4.be)

_______________ him. He (5.have ) ________________ a car accident, but he

(6.be)_______________ OK. I (7.jump) _______________ into the car and (8.drive)

________________ to the scene. A truck (9.hit ) ___________________ his car. It

(10.rain ) ____________ earlier in the evening, so the road (11.be)_____________

very slippery. The truck driver (12.slam)____________ on his brakes, but (13.be

able-neg.)_____________ to stop in time. Luckily Jack (14.stop)_____________ for

a red light a few blocks before and (15.buckle)_____________ his seat belt. Because

of that, he (16.have) ______________ only a few cuts and bruises."





PAST PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

1. was waiting

2. to come

3. rang

4. was

5. had had

6. was

7. jumped

8. drove

9. had hit

10. had rained

11. was

12. had slammed

13. hadn’t been able

14. had stopped

15. had buckled

16. had





PAST PERFECT

Read the situations and rewrite them using just one sentence.

Ex: Wilson went out at 3.

Linda got there at 3:05.

Wilson had already gone when Linda got there.

1. The film started at 8. We got there at 8:15.

2. The rain stopped at noon. We went out a few minutes later.

3. The bus left on time. I got to the bus station late.

4. Tony interviewed five people on Monday and Brenda on Tuesday.

5. I finished breakfast and you came in a few minutes later.

6. I fell asleep and a few minutes later the phone rang.





PAST PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

1. The film had already started when we got there.

2. The rain had already stopped when we went out.

3. The bus had already left when I got to the bus station.

4. Tony had already interviewed five people when he saw Brenda.

5. I had already finished breakfast when you came in.

6. I had already fallen asleep when the phone rang.





PAST PERFECT

Find the conversations. Fill in the blanks with the correct past perfect forms.

1. Did you put the car in the garage?

2. Did you have a good dinner at the Lincoln’s?

3. Why didn't you go to the movies with your friends?

4. Why was Kelly so sad yesterday?

5. Why did Frank drop out of the class?

6. Didn’t Joe and Karen get married awfully soon?

a) No, they (know) each other for years.

b) No, my brother (already/put) it in when I got home.

c) No, they (already/finish) eating by the time I got there.

d) Because I (already/see) the film.

e) She (just/break up) with her boyfriend.

f) He realized that he (already/read) all the books.





PAST PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

1. b / had already put

2. c / had already finished

3. d / had already seen

4. e / had just broken up

5. f / had already read

6. a / had known





PAST PERFECT

Use the cues in parenthesis to write sentences using the Past Perfect and never,

already and just. Use your imagination.

Example:

1. (I / eat Indian food/ before)

I had never eaten Indian food before I went to England.

2. (The car / crash/ by the time)

____________________________________________________________

3. (store/close/ before)

____________________________________________________________

4. (dog/ run away/ by the time)

____________________________________________________________

5. (the party/ end / when)

____________________________________________________________

6. (my dad/ arrive home/ when)

____________________________________________________________

7. (we / finish the test /when)

____________________________________________________________

8. (the doorman/ close the zoo/ by the time)

____________________________________________________________

9. (I /see that film/ before)

____________________________________________________________

10. (Bob/ leave/ when)

____________________________________________________________





PAST PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

Answers will vary. Please talk to a Grammar Clinic teacher.





PRESENT PERFECT

Directions: Complete the sentences with present perfect of the verbs below.

see be lose grow read

break go check eat study

1. I’m looking for my car key. I _________ it.

2. A bus __________ in the middle of the avenue.

3. How often _______ they ________ the temperature today?

4. ______ you _____ Mary?

5. John looks weird. He __________ a beard.

6. Mr. Lorne _________ out. He’ll be back in an hour.

7. _______ you ______ to the bank today?

8. I _____________ hard this semester.

9. I’m hungry. I ___________ anything since lunch.

10. She _____ already ______ all of J.K Rowling’s books.





PRESENT PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

1. have lost

2. has broken

3. have/ checked

4. Have/ seen

5. has grown

6. has gone

7. Have/ been

8. have studied

9. haven’t eaten

10. has/read





PRESENT PERFECT with FOR and SINCE

Directions: Use the information given in each sentence to write two sentences. Use

for and since.

Situation: Mr. Leigh has found some of his old diaries and is telling a friend some

things he and his relatives have or haven’t done for some time.

Example:

1. I moved to Horton in 1998 when I got married. (Use the verb to live)

= a. I’ve lived in Horton for ____ years.

or b. I’ve lived in Horton since 1998.

or c. I’ve lived in Horton since I got married.

2. My wife last saw her sister in 2007, when she went to live in Australia. (Use a

negative form)

3. My father started collecting old coins in 2003, when he retired.

4. Jan, my daughter, met her boyfriend three years ago, when she began her

studies at university. (Use the verb to know)

5. I bought my present car in 2010. (Use the verb to own)

6. Aunt Lily stopped eating meat in 2008, when a doctor told her it was bad for

her. (Use a negative form)

7. My mother gave up driving six years ago, when her eyesight failed. (Use a

negative form)

8. I began to wear glasses eight years ago, when I started getting headaches at

work.





PRESENT PERFECT with FOR and SINCE

ANSWER KEY:

2. a) hasn’t seen her sister since 2007.

b) hasn’t seen her sister for ___ years

c) hasn’t seen her sister since she went to

Australia

3. a) ... has collected coins since 2003.

b) ... has collected coins for ___ years.

c) ... has collected coins since he retired

4. a) has known her boyfriend since ___.

b) has known her boyfriend for ___ years.

c) has known her boyfriend since she began her

studies.

5. a) have owned my present car since 2010.

b) have owned my present car for ___ years.

6. a) ... hasn’t eaten meat since 2008.

b) ... hasn’t eaten meat for ___ years.

c) ... hasn’t eaten meat since a doctor told her it ...

7. a) ... hasn’t driven since ___.

b) ... hasn’t driven for 6 years.

c) ... hasn’t driven since her eyesight failed.

8. a) ... have worn glasses since ___.

b) ... have worn glasses for 8 years.

c) ... have worn glasses since I started getting ...





PRESENT PERFECT WITH FOR / SINCE

How long have you been married?

For 10 years. or Since 1978. or Ten years. or I got married in 1978.

OR I have been / I’ve been married since 1978.

Carlos moved to Canada 19 years ago.

OR He has / He’s lived in Canada for 19 years

NOTE: Use for to indicate duration.

Use since to indicate when the action started.

Use for or since in the sentences.

1. A: Have you practiced piano today?

B: Yeah.

A: How long?

B: Come on, Mom. For at least an hour.

2. A: Have you lived here long?

B: Oh, yes. _______ 1963.

3. A: How long have they had their summer home?

B: _______ a few years. They bought it when they

retired.

4. A: Have you gone skiing lately?

B: No, not _______ last winter.






ANSWER KEY:

2. since

3. for

4. since






Directions: Fill in the blanks with for or since.

1. We’ve been fishing ... two hours.

2. I’ve been working in this office ... a month.

3. They’ve been living in France ... 1970.

4. He has been in prison ... a year.

5. I’ve known that ... a long time.

6. That man has been standing there ... six o’clock.

7. She has worn the same hat ... 1975.

8. Things have changed a lot ... I was a girl.

9. The water has been boiling ... a quarter of an hour.

10. The central heating has been on ... October.

11. That trunk has been in the hall ... a year.

12. He has been very ill ... the last month.

13. I’ve been using this machine ... twelve years.

14. We’ve been waiting ... half an hour.

15. Mr. Pitt has been in the hospital ... his accident.

16. He hasn’t spoken to me ... the last committee meeting.

17. I have been very patient with you ... several years.

18. The workers have been on strike ... November.

19. The strike has lasted ... six months.

20. It has been very foggy ... early morning.






ANSWER KEY:

1. for

2. for

3. since

4. for

5. for

6. since

7. since

8. since

9. for

10. since

11. for

12. for

13. for

14. for

15. since

16. since

17. for

18. since

19. for

20. since






It is 1984. Write sentences with for or since and the Present Perfect.

Frank Silvers moved to Toronto in 1973. For several months he couldn’t find a

job, but in 1974 he got a teaching position at Minnetonka Elementary School. In

1975, he met Susan Miller. They got married in 1978. In 1980, Frank became

principal of Minnetonka. Frank and Susan bought a house in 1981, and in 1983 they

bought five acres of land in the country.

1. Frank has lived in Toronto since 1973 / for 11 years.

Frank / live in Toronto

2. __________________________________________

he/ work at Minnetonka Elementary School

3.___________________________________________

he/be principal of the school

4. __________________________________________

Frank and Susan / Know each other

5. __________________________________________

they / be married

6. __________________________________________

they / have their house

7. __________________________________________

they / own their property in the country






ANSWER KEY:

2. He has worked at Minnetonka Elementary School since

1974 / for 10 years.

3. He has been the principal of the school since 1980 / for 4

years.

4. Frank and Susan have known each other since 1975 / for

9 years.

5. They’ve been married since 1978 / for 6 years.

6. They’ve had their house since 1981 / for 3 years.

7. They’ve owned their property in the country since 1983 /

for 1 year.





UNIT 1 - SIMPLE PAST X PAST CONTINUOUS X PAST PERFECT (1)

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past, the Past Continuous or the

Past Perfect of the verbs in parentheses.

I _______ (1. do) my homework in the living room, when suddenly I

________ (2. hear) a strange noise and a scream. I immediately _______ (3.

stop) doing what I _______ (4. do) and _______ (5. rush) to the kitchen. It

was the maid who _______ (6. drop) the hot chocolate cake baking pan she

_______ (7.take out) of the oven.

That woman _______ (8. start) crying when she _______ (9. see) there was

no money left in her purse for her to pay the bus fare. She _______ (10.

forget) to withdraw money from the ATM machine before going to the bus

stop and _______ (11. get) desperate when she _______ (12. see) it was

midnight.

John _______ (13. talk) on his mobile phone while driving his car the other

day. He _______(14. be) on a quiet road, but a dog ______ (15. show up)

right before him and he couldn’t avoid the accident. He _______ (16.

crash) his car into a tree and the dog _______ (17. die). He feels really bad

about the whole thing.






ANSWER KEY:

1. was doing

2. heard

3. stopped

4. was doing

5. rushed

6. had dropped

7. was taking out

8. started

9. saw

10. had forgotten

11. got

12. saw

13. was talking

14. was

15. showed up

16. crashed

17. died






Directions: Select the best alternative in order to complete each paragraph with

the correct verb tense and agreement.

A) Sophie was cleaning up / cleaned up (1) her bedroom last week when she found

many of the toys she was playing with / played with (2) when she was being / was

(3) a child. They reminded / were reminding (4) her of how good her childhood

was being / had been (5).

B) Tony didn’t realize / wasn’t realizing (6) the maid had washed / was washing

(7) the kitchen floor when he went / had gone (8) in yesterday. That is why he had

slipped / slipped (9) and fell / had fallen (10). Thank God he hadn’t gotten hurt /

didn’t get hurt (11).

C) I was going back / had gone back (12) home at 10 PM the other day when all

the lights had gone out / went out (13). People on the streets were worried because

the subway and train systems had working / were not working (14) so the traffic

got / had gotten (15) really jammed. The following day we were hearing / heard

(16) in the news that that had been / was being (17) the worst blackout ever in São

Paulo.






ANSWER KEY:

1. was cleaning up

2. played with

3. was

4. reminded

5. had been

6. didn’t realize

7. was washing

8. entered

9. slipped

10. fell

11. didn’t get hurt

12. was going back

13. went out

14. were not working

15. got

16. heard

17. had been





PAST TENSES EXERCISE

Complete using simple past, past continuous or past perfect:

1. Yesterday, Tom and I ____________ 1.(decide) to invite people over for some

barbecue at 1pm. I ____________ 2. (light) the fire at 12 and it _____________

3.(still/burn) brightly when Tom ___________ 4.(come) in… at 2 pm! I __________

5. (get) really mad that he was late.

2. When I ______________ 6. (arrive), Ann ______________ 7.(leave), so we had only

time for a few words. Unfortunately, Bob ___________ 8.(leave) some minutes

before, so we didn’t meet.

3. When I ____________________9. (arrive) at 1:15pm, she ________________

10.(have) lunch. She _________________11. (apologize) and ____________ 12. (say)

she always has lunch at 1pm.

4. He suddenly _________________ 13. (notice) he _____________ 14. (head) in the

wrong direction. He ____________ 15. (realize) he ______________ 16. (take) the

wrong train.

5. The wind _______________ 17. (blow) away the letter I _______________18.

(just/receive) at the front door.

6. A: You _______________19. (look) very busy when I ________ 20. (see) you last

night. What _________ you _________ 21. (do)?

B: I __________________ 22.(look) at the picture that my brother-in-law

________________ 23. (take) of my kids.





PAST TENSES EXERCISE

ANSWER KEY:

1. decided

2. lit

3. was still burning

4. came

5. got

6. arrived

7. was leaving

8. had left

9. arrived

10. was having OR had had **

11. apologized

12. said

13. noticed

14. was going

15. realized

16. had taken

17. blew

18. had just received

19. looked

20. saw

21. were you doing

22. was looking

23. had taken

**different verb tenses and different meanings!

She was having lunch means that the action was in progress when I arrived.

She had had lunch means that lunch was over when I arrived.





PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Fill in the blanks with a Present Perfect Continuous to complete the dialogs.

1. A: How long have you been smoking ? (you / smoking)

B: Two years, but I want to quit.

2. A: How long _______________ contact lenses? (she / wear)

B: Just a month. She went to the optician in May.

3. A: What ____________ lately? (you / do)

B: Well, I got married last month.

4. A: How long _________________? (Jim and Nancy / date)

B: Since they met - in August.

5. A: How long ___________ the guitar? (she / play)

B: For two years. She played the piano before that.

6. A: How long ______________? (we / walk)

B: Oh, several hours. But we’ve had a lot to talk about.






ANSWER KEY:

2. has she been wearing

3. have you been doing

4. have Jim and Nancy been dating

5. has she been playing

6. have we been talking






Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous form of verbs.

1. John Jones is a writer. He’s written two books, and he’s been writing a third

since last November.

2. Linda has read ten books already this year, and _____________________ this

one for the last week.

3. Ace Building Company has constructed eleven buildings in three years. They

______________________ this one since right after Christmas.

4. Michael has painted many pictures over the past few years. He

____________________ this new one for a month or so.

5. Mrs. Appleby has made four dresses in the last three months.

___________________ this fifth one for a week.

6. The students have taken five tests already this week. ____________________

this extra one for the last hour.

7. Mr. Mason has built five houses in the last year, and ____________________

this other one for the past two months.

8. Anne Stone has typed five reports already today, and ____________________

the sixth one since 3 o’clock.






ANSWER KEY:

1. he’s been writing

2. she’s been reading

3. ’ve been constructing

4. ’s been painting

5. She’s been making

6. They’ve been taking

7. he’s been building

8. she’s been typing





PRESENT PERFECT / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

1. The students (work) very well this term.

2. I only (hear) from him twice since he went away.

3. I (grease) my car. That’s why my hands are so dirty.

4. She (polish) this table all morning and she isn’t satisfied with it yet.

5. I (work) for him for ten years and he never once (say) ‘Good morning’ to me.

6. He (teach) in this school for five years.

7. I (teach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class as this.

8. A: Why (you / be) so long in the garage?

B: The tires were flat. I (pump) them up. I (pump) up three

tires. Would you like to do the fourth?

9. I (look) for mushrooms but I (neg. / find) any.

10. He (cough) a lot lately. He ought to give up smoking.

11. A: (you / hear) the news? Tom and Ann are engaged!

B: That’s not new. I (know) that for ages!

12. I (try) to finish this letter for the last half-hour. I wish you’d go away or stop

talking. I (hardly / say) anything.

13. The driver of that car (sound) his horn for the last tem minutes.

14. It (rain) for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match (be)

postponed.

15. He (hope) for a raise in salary for six months but he (neg. dare) to ask for it yet.

16. Mr. Smith, you (whisper) to the student on your right for the last five minutes.

(you / help) him with his exam paper or he (help) you ?

17. A: Why (you / make) such a horrible noise?

B: I (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my wife by throwing stones at her window.

A: You (throw) stones at the wrong window. You live next door.





PRESENT PERFECT / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

ANSWER KEY:

1. have been working / have worked

2. have heard

3. have been greasing

4. has been polishing

5. have been working / have worked, has said

6. has been teaching / has taught

7. have taught, have never met

8. have you been, have been pumping / have pumped

9. have been looking / have looked, haven’t found

10. has been coughing / has coughed

11. have you heard / have known

12. have been trying / have hardly said

13. has been sounding

14. has been raining / has rained, has been postponed

15. has been hoping / hasn’t dared

16. have been whispering / have you been helping / has he been

helping

17. have you been making / have lost / have been trying / have

been throwing





PRESENT PERFECT x PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Directions: Fill in the blanks with correct form of the verb.

Situation: Amy and Tom are making some arrangements for their wedding but

there are some problems.

Amy _____________ (1.know) her boyfriend for two years. They

_________________ (2.engage) for six months. They _________________ (3.be)

very busy arranging everything.

Amy is a little upset because the invitations ________________ (4.neg.-be) printed

yet and her mother _________________ (5.neg.-help) her. Still she

_________________ (6.work) on the house and all the decoration. Tom

_________________ (7.paint) the house and also _________________ (8.work) in

the garden.

They are very happy and anxious to get married. They ________________ (9.put) a

lot of effort into making it work out well.





PRESENT PERFECT x PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

ANSWER KEY:

1. has known

2. have been engaged

3. have been

4. haven’t been

5. hasn’t been helping

6. has been working

7. has been painting / has painted

8. working / worked

9. have put






Directions: Complete the sentences with present perfect continuous.

1. It ___________________________ for two hours. (rain)

2. They __________________________ English since February. (study)

3. Maria _________________________ Spanish for two years. (teach)

4. You look tired. ___________________________ you _____________________?

(run)

5. I ___________________________ for you everywhere. (look)

6. Hi, Michael! What _____________________ you ________________________?

(do)

7. He ____________________________ to music all day. (listen)

8. We ____________________________ for half an hour. (wait)

9. I ___________________________ hard since yesterday. (work)

10. John and Sally ________________________ all afternoon. (shop)






ANSWER KEY:

1. has been raining

2. have been studying

3. has been teaching

4. Have/ been running

5. have been looking

6. have/ been doing

7. has been listening

8. have been waiting

9. have been working

10. have been shopping






Directions: Complete the sentences with present perfect continuous.

1. They _______________________ for the last hour. (to talk)

2. She _____________________ at IBM for 2 years. (to work)

3. He _______________________ at the university since March. (to teach)

4. I _________________________ really tired. (to feel)

5. He ___________________________ too much TV lately. (to watch)

6. It ___________________________ much in the area. (not/ to rain)

7. Who ___________________________ in the garden? (to dig)

8. She _________________________ in her diary. (to write)

9. He ___________________________ the whole morning. (to walk)

10. You’re covered in paint. What _____________ you

________________________?






ANSWER KEY:

1. have been talking

2. has been working

3. has been teaching

4. have been feeling

5. has been watching

6. hasn’t been raining

7. has been digging

8. hasn’t been writing

9. has been walking

10. have/been doing





SIMPLE PAST / PRESENT PERFECT

Write the appropriate forms of the verbs in parentheses. Use the Simple Past or the

Present Perfect.

1. I (just/have) my first lesson.

How (it/go)? (you/enjoy) it?

Well, I (not/actually/hit) another car but I (make) many other mistakes.

2. Old Ben (sell) newspapers just inside the station entrance, and my father always (buy)

his evening paper from him as he (leave) the station on his way home. But one day my

father (arrive) home without his paper. ‘Ben (not be) there this evening,’ he (say). ‘I

hope he (neg.; get) ill.’

3. On Saturday afternoon I (see) Frederick sitting in his garden.

‘I (think) you (work) on Saturdays,’ I (say).

‘I (work) this morning,’ (explain) Frederick, ‘but at lunch time the boss (go) off to

play golf and (tell) us all to go home. It’s about time he (give) us a whole Saturday off

actually. I (work) practically every Saturday since the beginning of the year.’

4. Ann: (you/be) to Hampton Court ?

Jane: Yes, I (go) there last week. The tulips (be) wonderful.

Ann: (you / go) by car ?

Jane: No, I (go) with my English class. We (rent) a bus.

5. Ann: Where else (you/be) to since you (come) to England?

Jane: Oh, I (be) to Stratford and Coventry and Oxford and Catenbury.

6. Ann: (you / see) a lot. When (you/go) to Stratford?

Jane: I (go) last week. The people I work for (take) me.

7. Ann: (you/see) a play at the Royal Shakespeare Theater when you (be) at Stratford?

Jane: Yes, we (see) Macbeth. We were very lucky. We just (walk) in and (ask) if they

(have) any returned tickets, and the girl at the box office (say),’Yes, a man just

(return) three stalls.’

8. Ann: (you/be) to Wales?

Jane: No, I (be) to Scotland. But I (not be) to Wales. I’d like to go

9. Peter: (you/see) any good films lately?

Ann: Yes, I (go) to the National Film Theater last week and (see) a Japanese film.

Peter: (you/like) it?

Ann: Yes, I (love) it, but of course I (neg.; understand) a word.

10. Tom: I hear that (Mr. Benson/just/die). You (know) him quite well, didn’t you ?

Jack: Yes. We (work) for the same company for ten years. I (neg,; see) him so much

after we (leave) the company but we (keep) in touch.

11. Ann (think) the garage (be) empty, and (turn) off the lights. ‘Hey !’ (shout) Paul from

under the car. ‘I’m sorry, Paul,’ (say) Ann, ‘I (neg.;know) you (be) there.’

12. Father: (Tom/not come) back yet?

Mother: Yes, he (come) in an hour ago. He (go) straight to bed.

Father: Funny. I (not hear) him.






ANSWER KEY:

1. have just had; did it go; did you enjoy; didn’t actually hit, made

2. sold, bought, left; arrived; wasn’t, said; hasn’t gotten

3. saw; thought, worked; said; worked, explained, went, told; gave;

have worked

4. Have you been; went; were; Did you go; went; rented

5. have you been, came; have been

6. have seen; did you go; went; took

7. Did you see, were; saw; walked, asked, had, said, has just returned

8. Have you been; have been; haven’t been

9. Have you seen; went, saw; Did you like; loved, didn’t

understand

10. has just died; knew; worked; didn’t see, left, kept

11. thought, was, turned; shouted; said, didn’t know, were

12. Hasn’t Tom come; came; went; didn’t hear






Put the verbs in parentheses in the Present Perfect or Simple Past.

1. I (buy) a new house last year, but I (neg. / sell) my old house yet, so at the

moment I have two houses.

2. When Ann (be) on her way to the station it (begin) to rain. Ann (run) back to

her apartment for her umbrella, but this (make) her late for her train.

3. She (catch) the next train but it (neg.; get) in till 9:00, so she (arrive) at her

office ten minutes late.

4. Her boss (look) up as she (come in). ‘You (be) late every morning this week,’ he

(growl). 5. At 7 a.m. Charles (ring) Peter and (say), ‘I’m going fishing, Peter. Would you

like to come?’

‘But it’s so early,’ (say) Peter. ‘I (neg.; have) breakfast yet. (Why / you / neg.

tell) me last night?’

6. Tom (meet) Paul at lunch time and (say), ‘I (neg./ see) you at the bus stop this

morning. (you / miss) the bus?’

‘I (neg.; miss) it,’ (reply) Paul. ‘I (neg. / miss) a bus for years. But this

morning George (give) me a ride.’

7. Ann (go) to Canada six months ago. She (work) in Canada for a while and then

(go) to the United States.

8. Mary (be) in Japan for two years. She is working there and likes it very much.

How (she / go)?

She (go) by airplane.

9. When I (buy) my new house I (ask) for a telephone. The Post Office (tell) me to

wait, but I (wait) a year now and my phone still (neg. / come).

10. Bill usually has breakfast at 8.00. At 8:15, Peter (meet) Bill and (offer) him an

apple. ‘No, thanks,’ (say) Bill. ‘(I / just / have) breakfast.’

11. Just as Ann (arrive) at the airfield a plane (land) and a girl (climb) out. To her

surprise Ann (recognize) her cousin, Lucy. ‘Hello, Lucy,’ she (exclaim). ‘I

(neg. / know) that you (know) how to fly a plane.’

‘I (just / learn),’ (say) Lucy. ‘I (go) solo for the first time last week.’






ANSWER KEY:

1. bought, haven’t sold

2. was, began; ran, made

3. caught, didn’t get, arrived

4. looked up, came; have been, growled

5. rang, said; said, haven’t had; didn’t you tell

6. met, said, didn’t see; Did you miss; didn’t miss, replied;

haven’t missed; gave

7. went; worked, went

8. has been; did she go; went

9. bought, asked; told, have waited, hasn’t come

10. met, offered; said; have just had

11. arrived, landed, climbed out; recognized; exclaimed ; didn’t

know, knew; have just learned; said; went





SIMPLE PAST X PRESENT PERFECT

Complete the dialog with the correct verb tense.

1. A: I just (heard) that Peter is in Australia.

B: Oh, you (not know)? He (fly) out at the beginning of the month.

A: You (heard) from him ? Does he like the life there?

B: Yes, I (get) a letter last week. He (tell) me about his job. But he (not/say)

whether he (like) the life or not. Perhaps it’s too soon to say. He only (be) there

for a couple of weeks.

2. A: I hear that Mr. Jones (leave).

B: Yes, he (leave) last week.

A: Anybody (be) appointed to take his place?

B: I believe several men (apply) for the job, but so far nothing (be) decided.

3. At the airport:

A: Hello, Ann. You (have) a good trip?

B: The flight (be) lovely, one of the best I (have ) ever, but it (take) ages to get

into the plane. First they (think) that one of us (be) a hijacker and they (search)

us for firearms; then they (announce) that one of the engines (be) faulty. We

finally (take off) an hour later.

A: How you (spend) this extra hour before taking off?

B: Oh, they (take) us to the restaurant and (feed) us and we (walk) about and

(buy) things we (not-need). The time (pass) all right.

A: You (book) your hotel room yet?

B: Well, I (write)to the hotel last week but they (not answer) yet.






ANSWER KEY:

1. A: I have just heard that Peter is in Australia.

B: Oh, didn't you know? He flew out at the beginning of the month.

A: Have you heard from him ? Does he like the life there?

B: Yes, I got a letter last week. He told me about his job. But he didn't say

whether he liked the life or not. Perhaps it’s too soon to say. He has only been

there for a couple of weeks.

2. A: I hear that Mr. Jones has left.

B: Yes, he left last week.

A: Has anybody been appointed to take his place?

B: I believe several men have applied for the job, but so far nothing has been

decided.

3. At the airport:

A: Hello, Ann. Did you have a good trip?

B: The flight was lovely, one of the best I have ever had, but it took ages to get

into the plane. First they thought that one of us was a hijacker and they

searched us for firearms; then they announced that one of the engines was

faulty. We finally took off an hour later.

A: How did you spend this extra hour before taking off?

B: Oh, they took us to the restaurant and fed us and we walked about and bought

things we didn't need. The time passed all right.

A: Have you booked your hotel room yet?

B: Well, I wrote to the hotel last week but they haven't answered

yet.






Complete the dialogs with the correct verb tense.

4. A: Hi, Paul ! I (not know) you (be) here.

B: Oh, I (be) here nearly two months. I (arrive) on the 6th

of January.

5. A: When we last (meet) you (say) that nothing would induce you to come to

England. What (make) you change your mind?

B: I (find) that I (need) English for my work and this (seem) the fastest way of

learning it.

A: You (know) any English when you first (arrive) here?

B: No, not a word.

6. A: I heard that Mr. Benson just (die). You (know) him quite well, didn’t you?

B: Yes. We (work) together for ten years. I (not see) so much of him after he

(leave) the company, but we (keep) in touch.






ANSWER KEY:

4. A: Hi, Paul ! I didn't know you were here.

B: Oh, I have been here nearly two months. I arrived on the 6th

of

January.

5. A: When we last met you said that nothing would induce you to come

to England. What made you change your mind?

B: I found that I needed English for my work and this seemed the

fastest way of learning it.

A: Did you know any English when you first arrived here?

B: No, not a word.

6. A: I heard that Mr. Benson has just died. You knew him quite

well, didn’t you?

B: Yes. We worked together for ten years. I didn't see so much of

him after he left the company, but we kept in touch.






Read the situations and complete the blanks with the correct form of the verb.

A:

At 4 p.m. my neighbor ________(1.call) and ________ (2.say), “Is Tom with

you?” Tom, her son, ________(3.spend) most of his time in my garden playing with

my children, so whenever she _________(4.not be able) to find him she

________(5.call) me. “I’m afraid I ________(6. not see) him today,” I

_________(7.say). “But my children _________ (8.go) to the beach this morning

and _________(9.not come) back yet. Perhaps he _________(10. go) with them.”

B:

Old Ben ________(1.sell) newspapers just inside the station entrance, and my

father always _________(2.buy) his evening paper from him as he

________(3.leave) the station on his way home. But one day my father

_______(4.arrive) home without his paper. “Ben ________(5.not-be) there this

evening,” he ________(6.say). “I hope he ________ (7.not be) sick.”






ANSWER KEY:

A:

1. called

2. said

3. spent

4. wasn’t able to

5. called

6. haven’t seen

7. said

8. went

9. haven’t come

10. went

B:

1. sold

2. bought

3. left

4. arrived

5. wasn’t

6. said

7. hasn't been





MIXED VERB TENSES

Mr. House is interviewing Jeanne for a part-time job as a waitress in Boston

University cafeteria. Read the conversation and complete the questions. Read the

answers carefully, and pay attention to different time expressions to help you

decide which verb tense to use. You can use the Simple Present, Simple Past or

Present Perfect.

Mr. House: Good morning, Jeanne. Tell me ______________.

Jeanne: I’m from Vermont.

Mr. House: _______________________________________?

Jeanne: I’ve lived in Boston for about ten months.

Mr. House: ______________________________________ ?

Jeanne: No, I saw the ad on the university bulletin board.

Mr. House: _______________________________________?

Jeanne: Yes, I am. I study special education here at Boston University.

Mr. House: _______________________________________?

Jeanne: I started here in September. This is my first year here.

Mr. House: I see that you work weekends at another cafeteria.

____________________?

Jeanne: Since last year.

Mr. House: _______________________________________?

Jeanne: I can work only evenings. My classes are in the morning.





MIXED VERB TENSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. where you are from

2. How long have you lived in Boston?

3. Did you see the ad in the newspaper?

4. Are you a student?

5. When did you start studying there?

6. How long have you worked there?

7. When can you work?






Put the verbs in parentheses in the Present Perfect or Simple Past.

Example: (you / see) Mary on Monday?

Did you see Mary on Monday?

Yes, I did.

1. Where is Tom?

I (neg. / see) him today, but he (tell) Mary that he’d be home

for dinner.

2. I (buy) this in Bond Street.

How much (you / pay) for it?

I (pay) $100.

3. Where (you / find) this knife?

I (find) it in the garden.

Why (you / neg. leave) it there?

4. I (lose) my black gloves. (you / see) them anywhere?

No, I’m afraid I haven’t. When (you / last / wear) them?

I (wear) them at the theater last night.

Perhaps you (leave) them at the theater.

5. Do you know that lady who (just / leave) the shop?

Yes, that is Miss Thrift. Is she a customer of yours?

Not exactly. She (be) here several times but she (never / buy)

anything.

6. He (leave) the house at 8.00.

Where (he / go)?

I (neg. / see) where he (go).

7. He (serve) in the First World War.

When (that war / begin)?

It (begin) in 1914 and (last) for four years.

8. Who (you / vote) for at the last election?

I (vote) for Mr. Pitt.

He (neg. / be) elected, (be) he ?

No, he wasn’t.

9. (you / like) your last job ?

I (like) it at first but then I (quarrel) with my employer and

he (dismiss) me.

How long you (be) there?

I (be) there for two weeks.

10. I (neg. / know) that you (know) Mrs. Pitt. How long you (know) her?

I (know) her for ten years.

11. That is Mr. Minus, who teaches me mathematics, but he (neg. / have) time to teach me much. I

(only / be) in his class for a week.






ANSWER KEY:

1. haven’t seen, told

2. bought, did you pay, paid

3. did you find, found, didn’t you leave

4. have lost, have you seen, did you last wear, wore, left

5. has just left, has been, has never bought

6. left, did he go, didn’t see, went

7. served, did that war begin, began, lasted

8. did you vote, voted, wasn’t, was

9. did you like, liked, quarreled, dismissed, were, was

10. didn’t know, knew, have you known, have known

11. hasn’t had, have only been






Put the verbs in parentheses in the Present Perfect or the Simple Past tense. In

some sentences the Present Perfect Continuous is also possible.

1. This is my house.

How long (you / live) here?

I (live) here since 1970.

2. He (live) in London for two years and then (go) to Edinburgh.

3. A: (you / wear) your hair long when you were at school?

B: Yes, my mother (insist) on it.

4. Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays.

5. My brother (write) several plays. He just (finish) his last one.

6. A: I (fly) over Loch Ness last week

B: (you / see) the Loch Ness monster?

7. I (neg. / see) him for three years. I wonder where he is.

8. He (neg. / smoke) for two weeks. He is trying to give it up.

9. Chopin (compose) some of his music in Majorca.

10. A: When (he / arrive)?

B: He (arrive) at 2.00.

11. (you / lock) the door before you left the house?

12. I (read) his books when I was at school. I (enjoy) them very much.

13. I can’t go out because I (neg. / finish) my work.






ANSWER KEY:

1. have you lived / have you been living, have lived / have been living

2. lived, went

3. did you wear, insisted

4. wrote

5. has written, has just finished

6. flew, did you see

7. haven’t seen

8. hasn’t smoked

9. composed

10. did he arrive, arrived

11. did you lock

12. read, enjoyed

13. haven’t finished





PRESENT PERFECT X SIMPLE PAST

Directions: Check if the verbs in bold are in the appropriate verb tense. If they are

not, correct them.

Situation: Jack’s job story.

A Long Way

I have a funny story to tell when it comes to my present job. When I

finished (1) high school I was not sure about which course I would like to take.

However, I signed up (2) for chemistry. I have not finished (3) the first year of

course because I haven’t liked (4) it. Then, when I was nineteen I tried (5)

journalism. It didn’t work (6) either. I am not good at writing. My father told me

that I was wasting his money so if I really have wanted (7) to graduate, I should

take a final decision, otherwise he would not be able to help me. At that time I have

met (8) Beatrice, who is my girlfriend now. She was studying history and she

convinced (9) me that it was deeply interesting. Once more I tried (10) and have

failed (11). As my father had warned me, I had to take a job in order to pay for

college myself. And I’ve gotten (12) my first job at a bakery. My main task was to

take note of the orders. But in an incredible way I have climbed (13) the corporate

ladder at the bakery. And I took (14) a final decision: I signed up (15) for business

and marketing. Today, guess what? I am the owner of a famous bakery downtown

London. Isn’t that incredible? I have needed (16) a bakery to show me how could I

make use of my skills. Destiny is amazing!






ANSWER KEY:

1. ok

2. ok

3. did not finish

4. didn’t like

5. ok

6. ok

7. wanted

8. met

9. ok

10. ok

11. failed

12. got

13. climbed

14. ok

15. ok

16. needed





PRESENT PERFECT x SIMPLE PAST

Situation: Alice and Lucy are talking about things they have done recently.

Directions: Complete the dialogue with the appropriate form of the verb.

Alice: _____ you _____ (1.see) any good movies this month?

Lucy: No, I _____ (2.neg. go) _____ to the movies because I _____ (3.spend) my

allowance on a new CD player.

Alice: _____ you _____ (4.buy) some new CDs too?

Lucy: No, I _____ (5.neg. have) enough money for CDs. I really _____ (6.want) to

get some new CDs because I _____ (7.listen) to mine hundreds of times.How

about you? How many movies _____ you _____ (8.see) so far?

Alice: Well, I _____ already _____ (9.see) three movies at the theater and yesterday

I _____ (10.rent) two videos which I _____ (11.neg. watch) yet.

Lucy: What movies _____ you _____ (12.get) yesterday? _____ they _____

(13.have) Mean Girls?

Alice: No, they _____ (14.neg. have) that movie, but I _____ (15.get) Training Day

and Spiderman II.

Lucy: Oh! Those are great movies! I _____ (16.see) them last month.





PRESENT PERFECT x SIMPLE PAST

ANSWER KEY:

1. Have you seen

2. haven’t gone

3. spent

4. Did buy / have bought

5. didn’t have

6. wanted

7. have listened

8. have seen

9. have already seen

10. rented

11. haven’t watched

12. did get

13. Did they have

14. didn’t have

15. got

16. saw






Directions: Choose the appropriate questions.

1. _____________________

No, I couldn’t. I went there last Wednesday.

(A) Have you gone to the museum?

(B) Did you go to the museum last Monday?

(C) Did you go to the supermarket on Wednesday?

2. _____________________

Only once. It was a wonderful trip.

(A) Have you gone home last Sunday?

(B) Have you ever been to Paris?

(C) Did you go to France last vacation?

3. _____________________

I was at the club. Didn’t you see how beautiful the day was?

(A) Did you go to the club today?

(B) Have you been at the club today?

(C) Where were you this morning?

4. _____________________

Yes, I’ve just seen him at the gym.

(A) Did you see George last night?

(B) Have you known George for a long time?

(C) Have you seen George today?

5. _____________________

No! I would never eat that.

(A) What was that you just ate?

(B) Have you ever eaten snails?

(C) When did you try snails?






ANSWER KEY:

1. B

2. B

3. C

4. C

5. B






Directions: Complete the dialogue with the appropriate verb tense.

Situation: Julie is talking about the end of her relationship.

Julie: I (1)_ (have met / met) Peter yesterday to talk about our relationship.

Jack: And _(2)_ (have / did) you _(3)_ (heard / hear) what you wanted?

Julie: No, I _(4)_ (didn’t / haven’t). We _(5)_ (have broken up / broke up).

Jack: I am so sorry for you, girl. _(6)_ (Did / Have) you _(7)_ (cry / cried) a lot

during the night?

Julie: No, I _(8)_(haven’t / didn’t), even though I _(9)_ (have wanted / wanted) to.

I don’t know, I just couldn’t.

Jack: I think that is a good sign. _(10)_ (Have / Did) you _(11)_ (told / tell) your

mother yet?

Julie: Yes, I _(12)_ (have / did). She likes him a lot so I thought it would be better

to tell her as soon as I could.

Jack: _(13)_ (Did / Have) you _(14)_ (discover / discovered) everything last night?

Julie: What are you talking about?

Jack: Why _(15)_ (have / did) you _(16)_ (broken up / break up) with him

yesterday?

Julie: Because it seems that he doesn’t like me anymore. Are there other reasons that

I don’t know about?

Jack: Of course not, dear. I just _(17)_ (wanted / have wanted) to ask if you _(18)_

(discovered / have discovered) all about his feelings.

Julie: You _(19)_ (haven’t convinced / didn’t convince) me, Jack. Tell me now

what you know.

Jack: Oh man, I swear I was just thinking about the relationship itself.

Julie: So, you will not tell me. Ok, I will discover it sooner or later. What about you?

_(20)_ (Have / Did) you _(21)_ (seen / see) Jane lately?

Jack: Oh, that’s a long story, a soap opera!






ANSWER KEY:

1. met

2. did

3. hear

4. didn’t

5. broke up

6. Did

7. cry

8. didn’t

9. wanted

10. Have

11. told

12. have

13. Did

14. discover

15. did

16. break up

17. wanted

18. have discovered

19. haven’t convinced

20. Have

21. seen





FUTURE – READING COMPREHENSION

LOOKING.COM

CODE: 76OI980

HOTEL: TROPICAL

NAME: RICHARD STRAUSS

NUMBER OF PEOPLE: 4

ROOMS: 2

CITY: SALVADOR

DATE OF ARRIVAL: JAN 8th.

, 2012

DATE OF DEPARTURE: JAN 15TH

. 2012

TIME OF CHECK IN: AFTER 3 pm

TIME OF CHECK OUT: UNTIL 2 pm

DIRECTIONS: Study the hotel reservation above and correct the information

in the sentences that follow. Rewrite them correcting the mistake:

1. Richard Strauss is going to Bahia at the end of January.

_________________________________________________

2. Richard is going to travel with two friends.

_________________________________________________

3. Richard and his friends are all going to stay in the same room.

_________________________________________________

4. Richard and his friends are going to stay two weeks in Salvador.

_________________________________________________

5. They are not going to stay at Tropical Hotel.

_________________________________________________

6. Richard is not going to arrive on the second week of January.

_________________________________________________

7. Richard is going to leave Salvador after staying a month there.

_________________________________________________

8. They are going to arrive at the hotel on Jan 8th

. at 12 o’clock.

_________________________________________________

9. They are going to leave the hotel on Jan 15th

. at 8 pm.

_________________________________________________





FUTURE – READING COMPREHENSION

ANSWER KEY:

1. Richard is going to Bahia in the beginning of January.

2. Richard is going to travel with three friends.

3. Richard and his friends are going to stay in two separate rooms.

4. They are going to stay one week in Salvador.

5. They are going to stay at Tropical Hotel.

6. Richard is going to arrive on the second week of January.

7. Richard is going to leave Salvador after staying a week there.

8. They are going to arrive at the hotel on Jan 8th

. after 3 pm.

9. They are going to leave the hotel on Jan 15th

. until 2 pm.





FUTURE – WILL

DIRECTIONS: Complete the dialogue below using will or won’t and the verbs

in parentheses. Attention to question formation!

Situation: Joan Ness is interviewing the top executive of a cell phone company

about the future of communication.

JN: A lot of people have a cell phones nowadays. But tell us something about the

future. 1.__________________________ (everybody / have) a cell phone in the near

future?

Executive: It’s hard to tell, but I think they 2. .__________________________

(become) part of everybody’s life.

JN: 3. .__________________________ (they / replace) landline phones?

Executive: Yes, I guess in the future cell phones 4. .__________________________

(take) over the world (laughter).

JN: How about personal computers? Do you think they 5.

.__________________________ (have) an important role in this field?

Executive: No, I don’t think personal computers 6. .__________________________

(substitute) cell phones. I think it 7. .__________________________ (be) the other

way around: cell phones 8. .__________________________ (be) used as

computers.

JN: What else do you think is the future of cell phones, then?

Executive: In my opinion, they 9. .__________________________ (be) very big,

just the size of a watch. Maybe people 10. .__________________________ (wear)

them on their wrists.





FUTURE – WILL

ANSWER KEY:

1. Will __ have

2. will become

3. Will __ replace

4. will take

5. will have

6. won’t substitute

7. will be

8. will be

9. won’t be

10. will wear





FUTURE – PRESENT CONTINUOUS / GOING TO / WILL

Use the correct future form: present continuous, going to or will:

1. I _______________ (travel) with my in-laws on my next vacation.

2. Isabel: Mom, can I use your iPod?

Mom: No, you’re not very reliable.

Isabel: I promise I __________ (be) very careful.

Mom: Ok.

3. Lina: Where _______ you ________ (go) next weekend?

Bert: I don’t know yet. They say it ____________ (rain).

Lina: We _____________ (see) a nice exhibit at Pinacoteca, would you like to come

with us?

Bert: Sure. I ____________ (tell) my girlfriend I ____________ (go) with you.

Lina: Why don’t you invite her as well?

Bert: Good idea!

4. Anna: ________ you_________ (spend) Christmas with your relatives?

Jon: Yes, we __________ (go) to Maceió. And then we _____________ (visit) our

grandma in João Pessoa.

5. Fred: ____ Emily _______ (apply) for that job?

Any: Yes, she has already filled out the forms and she _________ (schedule) the

interview.

6. What _____ you ______ (do) when you finish college?

7. The cities __________ (be) so crowded that people ________ (have) to find new

solutions for housing.

8. We ________ (not/work) next week because I __________ (attend) a meeting.

9. Waiter: Are you ready to order?

Man: I _____ (have) chicken and salad.

Woman: And I ______ (have) spaghetti and meat balls

Waiter: Ok I ______ (be) right with you.

10. Jenny __________ (take) Spanish classes because she __________ (travel) to Spain

next year.





FUTURE – PRESENT CONTINUOUS / GOING TO / WILL

ANSWER KEY:

1. am traveling / going to travel

2. will be

3. Lina: are you going/ are you going to go

Bert: is going to rain

Lina: are going to see

Bert: will tell Fred I’m going/ am going to go.

4. Anna: Are you going to spend –

Jon: are going – we’re visiting

5. Is Emily going to apply – is going to schedule

6. will you do – are you going to do

7. will be – will have

8. aren’t working / aren’t going to work - are going to attend.

9. Man: I’ll have.

Woman: I’ll have.

Waiter: I’ll be.

10. is going to take / is taking - is traveling/ going to travel.





FUTURE – WILL / GOING TO / PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Directions: Complete the sentences using will, going to or present continuous:

1. Frederic: I think Hellen 1. __________________ (pass) the exam.

Nadja: I think she 2.____________ (do) a very good job.

2. Sam: I’m so hungry!

Ben: I 3. ______________ (prepare) something for us to eat.

3. Fred: What 4. ___________ you __________ (do) next weekend?

Olga: I 5._______________ (visit) grandma.

Fred: Oh, I 6. ________________ (go) with you. Can I?

4. Anna: 7. _____________ you _________ (stay) in a hotel or at your relatives’?

Fran: First, we 8. ____________ (check in) at a hotel. Then, we 9.

_______________ (crash)* at my parents’ house.

5. Sam: Mom, can you help me with my homework tonight?

Mom: Sure, love. I 10.____________ (do) it as soon as I get home.

6. Fred: What 11.________ you _______ (do) if you miss the train?

Hillary: I 12.___________ (take) the next one.

7. Angela: 13. ________ you ________ (stay) for the meeting?

Arnold: I don’t think so. I 14. ___________ (take) my son to the doctor.

8. Sylvia: I didn’t do well in my exams. I promise I 15.__________ (improve) my

grades.

Mom: I 16.___________ (take) your word. I want to see the results.

9. Mona: 17._________ you _______(see) Mary later?

Giulio: No, she 18.___________ (work).

10. Mira: Oh, oh, the teacher 19. ____________ (not/be) very happy. I didn’t

bring my homework.

Johnny: I think you 20.______________(not/be) very happy.

(* crash = spend the night)





FUTURE – WILL / GOING TO / PRESENT CONTINUOUS

ANSWER KEY:

1. will pass

2. will do

3. will prepare

4. are you going

5. am going to visit

6. will go

7. are you staying

8. are checking in

9. are crashing

10. will do

11. are you going to do

12. am going to take

13. are you staying / are you going to stay

14. am taking

15. will improve

16. will take

17. are you going to see

18. is going to work

19. won’t be

20. won’t be





"WOULD vs. "USED TO"

Directions: Complete the sentences below using "would" or "used to."

1. When my brother and I were young, we _______ fight all the time.

2. I _______ love my hometown.

3. When I lived in that house, I _______ have a lot of friends.

4. She is shy now, but when she was a child she _______ be very outgoing.

5. My boyfriend _______ be a very complicated boy before he met me.

6. My mother and I ________ sing every time we heard that song.

7. When my little sister was younger, I ________ help her every time she needed.





"WOULD vs. "USED TO"

ANSWER KEY:

1. When my brother and I were young, we would/ used to fight all the time.

2. I used to love my hometown.

3. When I lived in that house, I used to have a lot of friends.

4. She is shy now, but when she was a child she used to be very outgoing.

5. My boyfriend used to be a very complicated boy before he met me.

6. My mother and I would/ used to sing every time we heard that song.

7. When my little sister was younger, I would/ used to help her every time she

needed.





WOULD vs USED TO

Directions: Complete the sentences below using "would" or "used to."

Don't forget:

We use would to talk about actions (but not

situations) that happened repeatedly in the past.

We use used to to talk about actions and situations

that happened repeatedly in the past.

1. When I studied in that school ________________.

2. When I lived with my parents ________________.

3. When I was a student ______________.

4. When I was a child _______________.

5. When I was younger _____________.

6. Some years ago I _______________.





WOULD vs USED TO

ANSWER KEY:

(ANSWERS WILL VARY.)





WOULD vs USED TO

Directions: Using the words below write complete sentences with WOULD or

USED TO.

1. play on the street/ when I was a child

2. neaten up my house/ when I lived with my parents

3. be outgoing/ when I was younger

4. make friends easily/ when I was a teenager

5. talk a lot on the phone/ when I was a teenager

6. study a lot/ when I was at school

7. love school/ when I was a child





WOULD vs USED TO

ANSWER KEY:

1. I would/ used to play on the street when I was a child.

2. I would/ used to neaten up my house when I lived with my parents.

3. I used to be outgoing when I was younger.

4. I would/ used to make friends easily when I was a teenager.

5. I would/ used to talk a lot on the phone when I was a teenager.

6. I would/ used to study a lot when I was at school.

7. I used to love school when I was a child.





SUPERLATIVES

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate superlative form.

Situation: Andrew is planning his next vacation.

Andrew: We decided to visit Brazil during our next vacation.

Jean: Really? I know some beautiful places there. São Paulo is the ___(1)___

city in the country. (big)

Andrew: Sarah and I want to visit a beach. I heard that Ceará is the ___(2)___ state.

(hot) Jean: Yeah, sure. But I would suggest Santa Catarina. Its capital, Florianópolis,

has some of the ____(3)____ (attractive) beaches in the world.

Andrew: Interesting. And there is also Rio. According to Mike, it’s the __(4)__

place. (enjoyable)

Jean: But it isn’t very safe. Do you know what happened to the ___(5)___ man

from China when he went there? (tall)

Andrew: I can’t imagine! Tell me the ___(6)___ story you can. (great)

Jean: Oh, come on! I am not lying. He was robbed.

Andrew: And who was the guy? Was he the ___(7)___ criminal on earth?

(dangerous) Jean: Very funny! What about a cold place? Would you like to visit one?

Andrew: So you know where the ____(8)____ peak of Brazil is located. (high)

Jean: No, I am not sure. To tell you the truth, I was thinking about the south.

The ___(9)___ states are located there. (cold)

Andrew: Isn’t Florianópolis in the south?

Jean: Yes, it is. Depending on the season you will be there, the weather might

be a little cold.

Andrew: Well, it doesn’t matter. I will enjoy this vacation and make it the

___(10)___ of my life. (good)





SUPERLATIVES

ANSWER KEY:

1. biggest

2. hottest

3. most attractive

4. most enjoyable

5. tallest

6. greatest

7. most dangerous

8. highest

9. coldest

10. best





SUPERLATIVES

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form.

Situation: Jude and Dick are discussing to see who lives in a better city.

Jude: My city has the (1) ________ river of our country. (clean)

Dick: The river in my city is the (2) _______ of the whole planet. (long)

Jude: Our schools are the (3) ________ in America. (fascinating)

Dick: The school where I study is considered the (4) _________ in the world.

(effective)

Jude: Our mountains are the (5) _________ in the state. (high)

Dick: Did you measure them?! Some of the (6) _________ species of plants can be

found in my city. (rare)

Jude: Oh, you are funny! I did not measure anything. It was not necessary. I have

the (7) ________ teachers. (competent)

Dick: And I make use of the (8) _________ books. (complete)

Jude: The beaches in my city are the (9) ______, so we receive tons of tourists

every year. (cool)

Dick: We have the (10) _______ park in this country but we do not like to receive a

lot of people because it means a lot of garbage. (large)

Jude: We care about nature too. In our zoo we have the (11) _______ koala baby.

(young)

Dick: That is not a big deal. My city’s zoo has the (12) _______ turtles in the

world. (old)

Jude: I am sorry, but I have to leave now. It is time for lunch.

Dick: OK. Don’t forget to be careful with what you eat, because your city has the

(13) _______ food in the world! (bad)





SUPERLATIVES

ANSWER KEY:

1. cleanest

2. longest

3. most fascinating

4. most effective

5. highest

6. rarest

7. most competent

8. most complete

9. coolest

10. largest

11. youngest

12. oldest

13. worst





SUPERLATIVES

Directions: Choose the correct options.

Situation: Jeff is anxious about his job interview.

Jeff: Today I have to face the (1. biggest / bigest) challenge of my life.

Tony: What are you talking about? Are you climbing the (2. highest / higher)

building of the world?

Jeff: Not really. I am trying to climb the corporate ladder. I have a job interview with

the (3. fantasticest / most fantastic) CEO in our city. A man who works for

the (4. most rich / richest) company in this region.

Tony: Great. I hope you can get the job. Talking about big business, did you hear

about the death of the (5. fattest / most fat) whale of Hawaii?

Jeff: No, I didn’t. Is that a big deal?

Tony: Yes, it is. They sold the whale for a $1,000,000.00. That’s the (6. most

expensive / expensivest) sea animal I’ve ever heard about. Isn’t that a big deal?

Jeff: Yeah! Do you think we would get some money if we find the ___(7)___

(thinnest / most thin) bug in the country?

Tony: Why? Do you know where it is?

Jeff: Not yet. But I know what to do with the money: a big trip around the ___(8)___

(largest / larggest) lake of Earth, in a paradise called Mediterranean.

Tony: You have awful taste! I’d prefer to go to the ____(9)____ (hottest / hotting)

place in the universe.

Jeff: Really? Are you thinking about Mercury? Be careful, because it is also the

__(10)__ (emptiest / most empty) place in the universe.





SUPERLATIVES

ANSWER KEY:

1. biggest

2. highest

3. most fantastic

4. richest

5. fattest

6. most expensive

7. thinnest

8. largest

9. hottest

10. emptiest





SUPERLATIVES

Directions: Replace the words in bold with their antonyms.

Situation: Paul is talking about his family and school.

1. My sister has the biggest feet in our neighborhood.

2. My father was the oldest man in his family to get a college degree.

3. Jude, my mother, has the longest hair of all women I know.

4. My brother lived near the shortest tree of Arkansas.

5. I am considered the happiest man among my relatives.

6. My uncle George is the thinnest guy in the city.

7. Josh, my cousin, was elected the most handsome boy in our country.

8. Andrea, my youngest sister, is the best student in her class.

9. I study with the dumbest math teacher in our school.

10. My school is the dirtiest in the city.





SUPERLATIVES

ANSWER KEY:

1. smallest

2. youngest

3. shortest

4. highest

5. saddest

6. fattest

7. ugliest

8. oldest / worst

9. most intelligent

10. cleanest





SUPERLATIVES

Directions: Find the appropriate words in the box to fill in the blanks. Be careful,

because some of them are misspelled.

Situation: Here is some information from Parks of the Southwest America. (Based

on the guide to national parks of the southwest by Nicky J. Leach)

dirtiest most dangerous highest oldest

rarest hottest most rare deepest

largest farthest coldest dangeroustest

1. The Aztec composes one of the _______ peoples of the world. Some of their

sculptures are six thousand years old. Today we can learn about their culture at

the Aztec Ruins, a National Monument.

2. In Bent’s Old Fort we find the _______ American fort. It is larger than two

soccer stadiums together.

3. Some of the _______ peaks of USA are located in the Big Bend National Park.

One of the mountains is higher than a twenty-story building.

4. Around Guadalupe Mountains we may run into the _______ flowers of USA.

There are some kinds of orchid which only exist there.

5. Lake Mead is formed from Colorado River. The lake is not the ______ of the

world but it can be very dangerous to swim there.

6. In Mesa Verde we can enjoy a beautiful sunset. Only be aware that this park

offers some of the _______ temperatures of America during the winter, so do not

forget your gloves.

7. The exuberance of Saguaro can dazzle. Anyway, try to be the _______ you can

from the cacti if you don’t want to hurt yourself.

8. When looking for sun, spend the _______ days of USA in Tonto, a national

monument in Arizona. Take your sunscreen.

9. Beaches are good for holidays although sometimes we find the _______ sand

under our feet. If you do not like water and want to rest far from packs and

bottles, try the White Sands, the largest gypsum desert in the world.

10. And if you want to have the ______ vacation of your entire life, just stay home!





SUPERLATIVES

ANSWER KEY:

1. oldest

2. largest

3. highest

4. rarest

5. deepest

6. coldest

7. farthest

8. hottest

9. dirtiest

10. most dangerous





SUPERLATIVES

Directions: Check if the statements are true or false according to the pictures.

Situation: These are Julie’s dolls. She collects them.

1. ( ) The smallest doll has red hair.

2. ( ) The tallest doll is wearing a yellow blouse.

3. ( ) The dolls in blue have the longest hair.

4. ( ) The fattest doll is wearing a skirt.

5. ( ) The thinnest doll is naked.

6. ( ) The ugliest doll has blue hair.

7. ( ) The doll sitting on the floor is among the thinnest ones.

8. ( ) The doll wearing a pink dress is the fattest.

9. ( ) The biggest doll is blond.

10. ( ) The doll with the shortest hair is in purple.





SUPERLATIVES

ANSWER KEY:

1. T

2. T

3. F

4. T

5. F

6. T

7. T

8. F

9. F

10. F





COMPARATIVES (1)

Steve is talking to his dad about buying a motorcycle or a car. Complete the

dialogue using more, more than, ..er, as .... as:

Dad: Steve, we need to talk about your crazy decision to buy a motorcycle. A car is

much 1. _____________ (convenient).

Steve: I don’t know. First of all, a motorcycle is a lot 2. ___________ (cheap) than a

car.

Dad: But, I can help you with the expenses.

Steve: Besides, a car isn’t 3_____________ (economical)a motorbike.

Dad: Yes, I know. But we live in a big city. Life is not 4. _____________ (simple)

in a small town. People don’t drive 5. _____________ (carefully) they do it in these

places.

Steve: Dad, I’m a very careful person.

Dad: It’s not about you. It’s the others. You know, I’m 6. _____________

(concerned) the average parent.

Steve: Motorcycles are 7. _____________ (practical). We don’t get into heavy

traffic.

Dad: You’re right. But they’re also much 8_____________ (dangerous) and I’m

afraid you might get hurt.

Steve: Well, I still think it’s 9. _____________ (easy) to get around but I’ll think

about it.

Dad: Thanks.





COMPARATIVES (1)

ANSWER KEY:

1. more convenient

2. cheaper

3. as economical as

4. as simple as

5. as carefully as

6. more concerned than

7. more practical

8. more dangerous

9. easier





COMPARATIVES (2)

Directions: Use the appropriate comparative form (as…as, more … than and

…er) of the adjectives good, pleasant, clean, safe and reliable to complete the

text below.

Hermanville

The Hayaks lived in Hermanville for many years. It used to be a very pleasant place

to live. The streets were clean, the parks were safe, the bus system was reliable and

the schools were good.

They moved to Orway because Hermanville is not 1. _______________________ it

used to be. The streets are not 2._______________________, the parks are not 3.

_________________, the bus system is not 4. _____________ and the schools are

not 5._______________________.

In Orway, the parks are 6. _____________, the streets 7._____________ and the bus

system is 8. _____________ than in Hermanville, the schools are 9. _____________

and consequently, life is much 10. _____________.





COMPARATIVES (2)

ANSWER KEY:

1. as pleasant as

2. as clean

3. as safe

4. as reliable

5. as good

6. safer

7. cleaner

8. more reliable

9. better

10. more pleasant





COMPARATIVES (3)

DIRECTIONS: Compare the pictures and complete the sentences using the appropriate comparative

form (more… than, …er, [not] as … as) of the adjectives in parenthesis.

Belém 40°C

Cuiabá 38°C

São Paulo 18°C

1. (hot) Belém __________________________________________________ Cuiabá.

2. (hot) São Paulo________________________________________________ Belém.

3. (cool) Cuiabá _______________________________________________ São Paulo.

Rich 1, 27m

Carl 1,53

Steve 1, 25m

4. (tall) Rich _______________________________________________________ Carl.

5. (tall) Rich ______________________________________________________ Steve.

6. (short) Carl _____________________________________________________ Steve.

Gacci’s $5,700.00

Chinnel’s $5,950.00

ZePaul’s $35.00

7. (expensive) Gacci’s handbag ___________________________________ Chinnel’s.

8. (expensive) ZePaul’s handbag ____________________________________ Gacci’s.

9. (cheap) Chinnel’s handbag ______________________________________ ZePaul’s.





COMPARATIVES (3)

ANSWER KEY:

1. Belém is as hot as Cuiabá.

2. São Paulo is not as hot as Belém

3. Cuiabá is not as cool as São Paulo.

4. Rich is not as tall as Carl.

5. Rich is as tall as Steve.

6. Carl is not as short as Steve.

7. Gacci’s handbag is as expensive as Chinnel’s.

8. ZePaul’s handbag is not as expensive as Gacci’s.

9. Chinnel’s handbag is not as cheap as Ze Paul’s.





COMPARATIVES (4)

DIRECTIONS: Complete the dialogue with the words from the box:,

as tall as as clear as as hard as as involved as

as well as disappointed as as pretty as as much as

Betina: I’m so frustrated. I haven’t been chosen for the play.

Jules: That’s too bad. I think you deserved it 1.________________ anyone else, if

not more.

Betina: I couldn’t agree more. I’ve worked 2._________________ the rest of the

team and I was 3. __________________ they were in the project.

Jules: I can’t understand the criteria. I think you’re just perfect for the part.

Betina: That’s the problem. They said I was not suited for it. I was not

4.__________________ the other girl and the role required a very tall woman.

Jules: But this is just a detail. You sing so well.

Betina: This is another problem. According to the director, my voice is not

5.__________________ it should be and I can’t reach the high notes

6.__________________.

Jules: This is ridiculous. The other girls are not half 7._________________ you are.

They must be kidding!

Betina: I feel 8._________________ you are. I guess I’ll have to apply for the next

part available.





COMPARATIVES (4)

ANSWER KEY:

1. AS MUCH AS

2. AS HARD AS

3. AS INTERESTED AS

4. AS TALL AS

5. AS CLEAR AS

6. AS WELL

7. AS PRETTY AS

8. AS DISAPPOINTED AS




Leader 3 - Card 9_01

THE

Complete the sentences with THE or no article:

1. Do you like soap operas?

2. Do you like soap operas on Rede Globo?

3. My friend loved book I gave her on her birthday.

4. That Italian restaurant serves spaghetti.

5. I only watch World Cup soccer games.

6. My brother loves photographs.

7. photographs we took last vacation haven’t been developed yet.

8. math teacher gave a lot of homework last class.

9. math teachers love homework.

10. Do kangaroos live in Australia?

11. kangaroos in our zoo are very beautiful.

12. I like clothes my boss wears.

13. clothes are very expensive at shopping malls.

14. My friend sells cars.





THE

ANSWER KEY:

1. N/A

2. the

3. the

4. N/A

5. the

6. N/A

7. The

8. the

9. N/A

10. N/A

11. The

12. the

13. N/A

14. N/A





ARTICLES

Directions: Fill in the blanks with “a” or “an.”

Holly goes to college: Part One

Holly is interested in going to 1. university near home.

She lives in 2. quiet neighborhood in Florida.

She is thinking of going to Alligator College but they have 3. ugly

campus and she’d like to study in 4. place that has 5.

attractive campus.

On the other hand, Alligator College has 6. old church at its center

which is quite beautiful.

Another problem with Alligator College is that she would also have to take

7. one-hour trip by train every day to go to college.

She likes Alligator College though because it is 8. informal

university and Holly spent the last four years studying at 9. high school that

was so formal that she even had to wear 10. uniform and take 11.

apple to school for the teacher once a week.





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1. a

2. a

3. an

4. a

5. an

6. an

7. a

8. an

9. a

10. a

11. an





ARTICLES

Directions: Fill in the blanks with “a” or “an.”

Holly goes to college: Part Two

Holly is looking for 1. interesting university, near home, where she

can continue her studies.

She is thinking of going to Alligator College - 2. small university near

her home.

Alligator College has 3. unique philosophy. It is 4. liberal

college with 5. elegant but informal posture to it.

Holly still has 6. year to decide where she wants to go.

She is thinking of majoring in business because she has 7. good head

for numbers and she also has 8. burning ambition for making money.

She is also thinking of getting a minor in French because she knows she has

9. ear for languages.

She knows she has to have 10. SAT* score of 90 % or better to go to

Alligator College so she has to study if she wants to be 11. freshman there

next year.

She is looking forward to having 12. wonderful year.

After she finishes her degree, she is thinking of continuing her studies and getting

13. MBA.

She is also thinking of getting 14. Ph.D. in the future so when she is

older she can retire and just keep teaching.

*SAT – college entrance exam in the United States – a little like the Brazilian vestibular.





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1. an

2. a

3. a

4. a

5. an

6. a

7. a

8. a

9. an

10. an

11. a

12. a

13. an

14. a





ARTICLES

Here are some things that Holly believes in. Fill in the blanks with “a”, “an”, “the” or

“.”

Holly’s Philosophy of Life: Part One

“ 1. Life is too short. Live it fully.”

“ 2. Love is the most important thing in our lives.”

“

waste

3. Time never stops. It is the second most important thing in our lives. Don’t

4. time.”

“ 5. summer love never lasts.”

“If at first you don’t succeed, try 6. second time. But after trying for

7. fifth time, you might consider revising your tactics or giving up.”

“ 8. bird in the hand is better than two birds in the bush. However,

9. bird you catch never sings as nicely as 10. birds in the bush.”

“There are lots of 11. fish in the sea, but 12. fish you like best

may not see you in the middle of so many. Be

will see you and you won’t end up with

13. unique fish, so your fish

14. ugly, old fish.”





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. A

6. a

7. the

8. A

9. the

10. the

11.

12. the

13. a

14. an





ARTICLES

Here are some things that Holly believes in. Fill in the blanks with “a”, “an”, “the” or

“.”

Holly’s Philosophy of Life: Part Two

“Cherish the smell of 1. grass after it rains. Cherish the small things. ”

“ 2. grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.”

“Remember that 3. rose has 4. thorns, so even if

5. rose you are looking at is beautiful, you should not forget 6.

thorns it may have.”

“ 7. Money can’t buy you 8. happiness, but 9.

money you earn can make you happy and proud.”

“Always be 10. honest person, always be 11. humble person.

But if you are proud of something, be humbly, honestly proud. You will not be

12. arrogant person if you are only admitting 13. talents that

you have. It is 14. honest thing to do. A lot of people would like to have

15. special talent. Honor yours.”





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1.

2. The

3. a

4.

5. the

6. the

7.

8.

9. the

10. an

11. a

12. an

13. the

14. an

15. a





ARTICLES

Fill in the blanks with “a”, “an”, “the”, or “”.”

Harold’s Student Exchange Program

Harold is thinking of studying abroad for 1. year. He would like to

go on 2. one-year exchange program to 3. Italy. At the moment,

Harold lives in 4. United States. He chose 5. Italy for many

reasons. The first reason was 6. language. He wants to learn how to speak

7. foreign language, and he likes the way Italian sounds. Harold likes to study

8. languages and Italian is his favorite.

The second reason for choosing 9. Italy is because he wants to live in

10. hot and beautiful place. He doesn’t think they have 11. ugly

towns or cities in Italy so that’s where he would like to go. He’s afraid that if he goes to

another country, he might end up in 12. ugly town somewhere. He also

wanted to study in a country that had 13. older culture or history.

14. culture of 15. Italians is different from 16.

culture of 17. Americans in many ways and Harold thinks he can learn a lot

from this.

Harold thinks 18. life he will lead in Italy will be extremely interesting.

Harold has 19. adventurous nature and he loves to take 20.

trips. He thinks it’s because his mother always says that “ 21. life is too

short.” So this year he wants to study abroad. He thinks he will have 22.

unique experience in 23. Italy. He thinks it will be 24.

experience of a life-time.





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1. a

2. a

3.

4. the

5.

6. the

7. a

8.

9.

10. a

11.

12. an

13. an 14. The

15. the

16. the

17. the

18. the

19. an

20.

21.

22. a

23.

24. the






Directions: Replace the modals in bold for a correspondent as in the examples.

Examples: When I was a child I could swim perfectly.

When I was a child I was able to swim perfectly.

I am able to buy as many flowers as you want.

I can buy as many flowers as you want.

1. Janet isn’t able to sing as well as her mother.

2. Bob and Jennifer are able to teach Spanish although they don’t want to.

3. I could help her during the morning.

4. My father is able to drive very fast.

5. Lucy and Jack were able to speak four languages before the accident happened.

6. My sister can get the tickets for us.

7. We couldn’t plan a wonderful party for Janet because we didn’t have enough money.

8. Can you take these books for a while?

9. I could read in Italian and French very well when I was a child.

10. Sarah was able to draw marvelous pictures when she was ten.

11. I can’t understand how our team could lose that game.

12. Are you able to work as a salesperson?

13. We could and we can change the world.

14. Stella wasn’t able to ride a bicycle when she was six.






ANSWER KEY:

1. Janet can’t sing as well as her mother.

2. Bob and Jennifer can teach Spanish although they don’t want to.

3. I was able to help her during the morning.

4. My father can drive very fast.

5. Lucy and Jack could speak four languages before the accident happened.

6. My sister is able to get the tickets for us.

7. We weren’t able to plan a wonderful party for Janet because we didn’t have

enough money.

8. Are you able to take these books for a while?

9. I was able to read in Italian and French very well when I was a child.

10. Sarah could draw marvelous pictures when she was ten.

11. I am not able to understand how our team could lose that game.

12. Can you work as a salesperson?

13. We were able to and we are able to change the world.

14. Stella couldn’t ride a bicycle when she was six.





MODALS

Directions: Choose the best alternative to complete the dialogues.

Situation: Joseph is an activist. He is interviewing people on streets.

1. Joseph: Are you aware of how important recycling is?

Jane: Yes, I am. And I even know that I __________________ do more than I actually do to help

saving the world. (could / should to / have)

2. Joseph: Do you remember the last time you rode a bike?

Donald: I’m sorry, but I really __________________ remember it. Certainly, a long time ago.

(might / cannot / have to)

3. Joseph: _____ I ask a question about our natural resources? (Should / May / Do)

Linda: Yes, go ahead. But be quick because I am late.

4. Joseph: Have you ever planted a tree?

Doug: No, I haven’t. I don’t think I _____ do that. (am able to / could have to / hadn’t to)

5. Joseph: Do you spent a lot of time in the shower?

Arnold: I know I __________________ waste water (wasn’t able / couldn’t / shouldn’t), but I

__________________ help spending a great amount of time in the shower. It is so relaxing.

(don’t have to / cannot / might not)

6.Joseph: We’ll have a meeting about ecology next Monday. Wouldn’t you like to go?

Justin: Oh, man. I _________________ transfer my Monday meeting. (couldn’t / didn’t have to /

shouldn’t) So, I __________________ appear because my schedule is already full. (may not /

had not to / not able to)





MODALS

ANSWER KEY:

1. Joseph: Are you aware of how important recycling is?

Jane: Yes, I am. And I even know that I could do more than I actually do to help saving

the world.

2. Joseph: Do you remember when it was the last time you rode a bike?

Donald: I’m sorry, but I really cannot remember it. Certainly, a long time ago.

3. Joseph: May I ask a question about our natural resources?

Linda: Yes, go ahead. But be quick because I am late.

4. Joseph: Have you ever planted a tree?

Doug: No, I haven’t. I don’t think I am able to do that.

5. Joseph: Do you spend a lot of time in the shower?

Arnold: I know I shouldn’t waste water, but I cannot help spending a great amount of

time in the shower. It is so relaxing.

6.Joseph: We’ll have a meeting about ecology next Monday. Wouldn’t you like to go?

Justin: Oh, man. I couldn’t transfer my Monday meeting. So, I may not appear because

my schedule is already full.

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