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    LEADERS : OLD VS NEW

    VS

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    GANDHI FAMILY AND

    INDIAN POLITICS JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU WAS THE FIRST PRIME

    MINISTER OF INDEPENDENT INDIA.HE BECAME THEPRIME MINISTER IN 1947WHEN INDIAGOT FREEDOM

    FROM THE BRITISH RULE JAWAHAR LAL NEHRUS DAUGHTER INDIRA GANDHI

    BECAME THE FIRSTWOMEN PRIME MINISTER OFINDIA IN 1980. SHE HELD HER OFFICE FROM 14th

    JANUARY 1980-31st OCTOBER 1984.

    INDIRAGANDHIS SON RAJIVGANDHISUCCEEDEDHERAS THE PRIME MINISTER.RAJIV GANDHIWAS THEYOUNGEST PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA. HEWASASSASINATED ON HIS TOUR TO SRI LANKA.

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    RAJIV GANDHISWIDOWSONIA GANDHI

    CAME INTO THE SCENEAFTER THE DEATH OFRAJIV GANDHI.SHEWAS INVITED BYCONGRESS TO JOIN THE PARTY IN 1991 BUTSHE REFUSED TO DO SO BUT SHE FINALLY

    JOINED THE PARTY IN 1997AND SHEWASELECTEDAS THE LEADER OF CONGRESS.

    RAHUL GANDHI,SON OF SONIAGANDHI HASALSO JOINED POLITICS.RAHUL GANDHI IS THE

    MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT OFINDIA,REPRESENTING THEAMETHICONSTITUENCY.HIS PARTY IS INDIANNATIONAL CONGRESS

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    IWOULD COMPARE THE POLITICAL CAREER

    OF THE TWO EMINENT LADIES OF THEGANDHI FAMILYWHO HADAGREAT

    INFLUENCE ON THE INDIAN POLITICS.

    INDIRA GANDHIVSSONIA GANDHI

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    INDIRA GANDHI Indira PriyadarshiniGandhi (19 November 1917

    31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and

    the leader of the Indian National Congress.

    Shewas the third Prime Minister of the Republic ofIndia for three consecutive terms from 1966 to1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her

    assassination in 1984, a total of fifteen years.

    Indira Gandhi was the first female prime ministerto hold the office and remained as the world'slongest serving female Prime Minister as of 2011.

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    Indira gandhi is the only Indian Prime Minister to

    have declared a state of emergency in order to

    'rule by decree' and the only Indian Prime Ministerto have been imprisoned after holding that office.

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    LEGISLATIVECAREER

    IndiraGandhi became Prime Minister in 1966, When

    the Congress was split in two factions, the socialists led by

    Gandhi, and the conservatives led by Morarji Desai.

    The internal problems showed in the 1967 election where

    the Congress lost nearly 60 seats winning 297 seats in the

    545 seat Lok Sabha. She had to accommodate Desai as

    Deputy Prime Minister of India and Minister of Finance.

    In 1969 after many disagreements with Desai, the Indian

    National Congress split. She ruled with support from

    Socialist and Communist Parties for the next two years.

    In the same year, in July 1969 she nationalized banks.

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    STATEOFEMERGENCY

    Indira Gandhi moved to restore order by orderingthe arrest of most of the opposition participatingin the unrest.Her Cabinet and government thenrecommended that President FakhruddinAliAhmed declare a state of emergency, because ofthe disorder and lawlessness following theA

    llahabad High Court decision.

    A

    ccordingly,Ahmed declared a State of Emergency caused byinternal disorder, based on the provisions ofArticle 352 of the Constitution, on 26 June 1975.

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    CURRENCY CRISIS

    During the early 1980s, Indira's failed to

    arrest the 40 percent fall in the value of the

    Indian Rupee from 7 to 12 against the USDollar. However it is argued that the Reserve

    Bank of India had decided to devalue to rupee

    to make Indian exports more competitive.

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    ELECTIONS

    Extending the state of emergency twice, in 1977 IndiraGandhi called for elections, to give the electorate achance to vindicate her rule.Gandhi may have grosslymisjudged her popularity by reading what the heavily

    censored press wrote about her. In any case, she wasopposed by the Janata Party.Janata, led by her long-time rival, Desai and with Jai Prakash Narayan as itsspiritual guide, claimed the elections were the lastchance for India to choose between "democracy anddictatorship." Indira's Congress party was beatensoundly. Indira and Sanjay Gandhi both lost their seats,and Congress was cut down to 153 seats (comparedwith 350 in the previous Lok Sabha), 92 of which were

    in the south.

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    SONIA GANDHI SoniaGandhi is an Italian-born Indian politician and the Presidentof the Indian National Congress, one of the major political parties ofIndia. She is the widow of former Prime Minister of India,RajivGandhi.After his assassination in 1991, she was invited by the

    Indian National Congress to take over the Congress but Gandhirefused and publicly stayed away from politics amidst constantprodding by the Congress.She finally agreed to join politics in 1997and in 1998, she was elected as the leader of the Congress.

    Since then,Sonia Gandhi has been the President of the IndianNational Congress Party. She has served as the Chairperson of the

    ruling United ProgressiveAlliance in the Lok Sabha since 2004. InSeptember 2010, on being re-elected for the fourth time, shebecame the longest serving president in the 125-year history of theCongress party.Her foreign birth has been a subject of muchdebate and controversy

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    POLITICALCAREER Sonia Gandhi's involvement with Indian public life began after the

    assassination of her mother-in-law and her husband's election asPrime Minister.As the Prime Minister's wife she acted as his officialhostess and also accompanied him on a number of state visits.In1984, she actively campaigned against her husband's sister-in-lawManeka Gandhi who was running against Rajiv in Amethi.At the

    end of Rajiv Gandhi's five years in office, the Bofors Scandal brokeout.Ottavio Quattrocchi, an Italian business man believed to beinvolved, was said to be a friend of Sonia Gandhi, having access tothe Prime Minister's official residence.In 1980, her name appearedin the voter's list for New Delhi prior to her becoming an IndianCitizen, when she was still holding Italian Citizenship.It was a

    violation of Indian Laws.When she did acquire Indian Citizenship inApril 1983, the issue cropped up again, as her name appeared onthe 1983 voter's list when the deadline for registering had been inJanuary 1983.

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    CONGRESSPRESIDENT

    After the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi and her refusal tobecome Prime Minister, the party settled on the choice ofP.V. Narasimha Rao who became leader and subsequentlyPrime Minister.Over the next few years, however, theCongress fortunes continued to dwindle and it lost the

    1996 elections.Several senior leaders such as MadhavraoSindhia,Rajesh Pilot,Narayan Dutt Tiwari,Arjun Singh,Mamata Banerjee,G. K. Moopanar,P.Chidambaram andJayanthi Natarajan were in open revolt against incumbentPresident Sitaram Kesri and quit the party, splitting the

    Congress into many factions.

    In an effort to revive the party's sagging fortunes, shejoined the Congress Party as a primary member in theCalcutta Plenary Session in 1997 and became party leaderin 1998.

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    In May 1999, three senior leaders of the party (SharadPawar,PurnoA. Sangma, and TariqAnwar) challenged

    her right to try to become India's Prime Ministerbecause of her foreign origins. In response, sheoffered to resign as party leader, resulting in anoutpouring of support and the expulsion from theparty of the three rebels who went on to form the

    Nationalist Congress Party. Within 62 days of joining as a primary member, she

    was offered the party President post which sheaccepted.She contested Lok Sabha elections from

    Bellary,Karnataka andAmethi,Uttar Pradesh in 1999.In Bellary she defeated veteran BJP leader,SushmaSwaraj. In 2004 and 2009, she was re-elected to theLok Sabha from Rae Bareli in Uttar Pradesh.

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    LEADER OF OPPOSITION

    She was elected the Leader of the Opposition of the

    13th Lok Sabha in 1999.When the BJP-led NDA

    formed a government underAtal Bihari Vajpayee,

    she took the office of the Leader of Opposition.AsLeader of Opposition, she called a no-confidence

    motion against the NDA government led by

    Vajpayee in 2003.

    She holds the record of having served as CongressPresident for 10 years consecutively.

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    UPA CHAIRPERSON

    On 23 March 2006, Gandhi announced her resignationfrom the Lok Sabha and also as chairperson of theNationalAdvisory Council under the office-of-profitcontroversy and the speculation that the government

    was planning to bring an ordinance to exempt thepost of chairperson of NationalAdvisory Council fromthe purview of office of profit.She was re-electedfrom her constituency Rae Bareilly in May 2006 by amargin of over 400,000 votes.

    As chairperson of the NationalAdvisory Committeeand the UPA, she played an important role in makingthe National Rural Employment Guarantee Schemeand the Right to InformationAct into law.

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    She addressed the United Nations on 2October 2007,Mahatma Gandhi's birthanniversary which is observed as theinternational day of non-violence after a UNresolution passed on 15 July 2007.

    Under her leadership, India returned theCongress-led-UPA to a near majority in the

    2009 general elections with Manmohan Singhas the Prime Minister.The Congress itself won206 Lok Sabha seats, which was the highesttotal by any party since 1991.

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    THANK YOU NAME:ANIRUDH MEHROTRA DIVISION:A

    COURSE:BBA LLB