leadership and management chapter 14 john r. walker introduction to hospitality, 6e and introduction...
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Leadership and Management
Chapter 14
John R. Walker
Introduction to Hospitality, 6eand
Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Leadership
• Leaders can and do make a difference when measuring a company’s success.
• Few groups can accomplish much without an individual who acts as an effective leader.
• The leader can and often does have a significant influence on the group and its direction
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Leadership Traits
• Courage
• Decisiveness
• Dependability
• Endurance
• Enthusiasm
• Initiative
• Integrity
• Judgment• Justice• Knowledge• Loyalty• Tact• Unselfishness
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Identifiable Practices Common to Leaders
• Challenge the process
• Inspire a shared vision
• Enable others to act
• Model the way
• Encourage the heart
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Definitions of Leadership
• “Leading is the process by which a person with vision is able to influence the activities and outcomes of others in a desired way.”
• Leaders know what they want and why they want it—and they are able to communicate those desires to others to gain their cooperation and support
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Transactional Leadership
• Process by which a leader is able to bring about desired actions from others by using certain behaviors, rewards, or incentives
• In essence, an exchange or transaction takes place between leader and follower– A hotel general manager who pressures the
food and beverage director to achieve certain goals in exchange for a bonus is an example of someone practicing transactional leadership
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Figure 14-1 Transactional Leadership Model
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Transformational Leadership
• Eliciting performance above normal expectations
• Three important factors:– Charisma– Individual consideration– Intellectual stimulation
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Examples of Excellencein Leadership
• Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Herb Kelleher
• Bill Fisher
• Richard P. Mayer
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Demands Placed on Leaders
• Includes those made by owners, the corporate office, guests, employees, regulatory agencies, and competitors
• Figure 14-2:
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Common Traits Among Leaders Include:
• High ego strength
• Strategic thinking ability
• Orientation towards the future
• Belief in principles of human behavior
• Strong connections
• Politically astute
• Know how to use power
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Approaches to Becoming a Hotel Leader
• Be decisive
• Follow through
• Select the best
• Empower employees
• Enhance career development
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Hospitality Management
• Managers plan, organize, make decisions, communicate, motivate, control the efforts of a group to accomplish predetermined goals, and establish direction
• Managers focus most of their time on strategic planning and the organization’s mission– Most top managers do not get involved in the
day-to-day aspects of the operation
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Hospitality Management
• Management is simply what managers do: Plan, organize, make decisions, communicate, motivate, and control
• Management is defined as “the process of working with and through others to accomplish organizational goals in an efficient and effective way”
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
What is Management?
• Efficiency is getting the most done with the fewest number of inputs
• Effectiveness is “doing the right thing.”– As an example, cooks do the right thing when they
cook the food correctly according to the recipe and have it ready when needed.
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Who Are Managers?
• Managers are often classified into three levels: – Front-line managers are the lowest-level
managers—they manage the work of line employees; they may also be called supervisors
– Middle managers are akin to department heads—they fall between front-line managers and top management; they are responsible for short- to medium-range plans, they establish goals and objectives, and manage front-line managers
– Top managers are responsible for making medium- to long-range plans and for establishing goals and strategies
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Key Management Functions
• Planning involves setting the company’s goals and developing plans to meet or exceed those goals
• Organizing is the process of deciding what needs to be done, who will do it, how the tasks will be grouped, who reports to whom, and who makes decisions
• Decision making includes determining the vision, mission, goals, and objectives of the company
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Key Management Functions
• Communication with and motivation of individuals and groups are required to get the job done
• Human resources and motivating involves attracting and retaining the best employees and keeping morale high
• Controlling is the final management function which includes the setting of standards and comparing actual results with those standards
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Key Management Functions Leading to Goal Accomplishment
Figure 14-5
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Managerial Skills• Managers also need other major skills:
– Conceptual skills enable top managers to view the corporation as a complete entity and understand how it is split into departments to achieve specific goals
– Interpersonal - Managers need to lead, influence, communicate, supervise, coach, and evaluate employees’ performances
– Technical - Managers need to have the technical skills required to understand and use modern techniques, methods, equipment, and procedures
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Manager’s Changing Role
• Today’s successful manager takes more of a team leader/coach approach
• Managers wear a variety of hats, including:– Figurehead role– Leader role– Liaison role– Spokesperson role– Negotiator role
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Sustainable Leadership
• Many business leaders, including hospitality ones, are becoming increasingly more concerned about sustainability. Not only are they concerned about the environment but also social responsibility
• Leaders and managers need to steer the organization on a path of sustainability for all associates to follow
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Distinction Between Leadershipand Management
• Managers– Working in the system– React– Control risks– Enforce organizational
rules– Seek and then follow
direction– Control people by pushing
them in the right direction– Coordinate effort
• Leaders– Working on the system– Create opportunities– Seek opportunities– Change organizational
rules– Provide a vision to believe
in and strategic alignment– Motivate people by
satisfying basic human needs
– Inspire achievement and energize people
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Ethics• A set of moral principles and values that
people use to answer questions about right and wrong
• Ethics and morals have become an integral part of hospitality decisions, from employment (equal opportunity and affirmative action) to truth in menus
• Many corporations and businesses have developed a code of ethics that all employees use to make decisions
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Trends• Leading a more diverse group of
associates• Many entry-level employees do not have
basic job skills• An increasing need for training• The need to create leaders out of line
managers• Managing sales revenue all the way to the
bottom line• Establishing independent business units to
make their own profit, or subcontracting out that department
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Trends• Instead of keeping a person on payroll for
a function that is only needed occasionally, outsourcing that service to specialists
• Cutting down on full-time employees and hiring more part-time employees to avoid paying benefits
• An increasing challenge to keep up with technological advances and their benefits
• Social and environmental issues continuing to increase in importance
• A greater emphasis placed on ethics
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
The End