leading river rejuvenation a case of namami gange
TRANSCRIPT
National Mission for Clean
Ganga Department of Water Resources, River
Development and Ganga Rejuvenation
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Rajiv Ranjan Mishra, IAS, Director General
Leading River RejuvenationA case of Namami Gange
• A natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an
ocean, sea, lake or another river.
Or
• A large quantity of a flowing substance
Or
• A ribbon-like body of water that flows downhill from the force of gravity
What is a River?
Which Flows…
River is not just water, it is a system
Ancient scriptures had cautioned against misusing the Ganga river.
For instance, the following edict in Sanskrit prohibited thirteen types of human actions:
Defecation,
Gargling,
Throwing of used floral offerings,
Rubbing of filth,
Flowing bodies (human or animal),
Frolicking;
Acceptance of donations;
Obscenity;
Considering other shrines to be superior,
Praising other shrines,
Discarding garments;
Bathing, and
Making noise.
Ganga Basin
Upper Ganga
Gomukh to Haridwar
(294 km)
Middle Ganga
Haridwar to Varanasi
(1082 km)
Lower Ganga
Varanasi to Gangasagar
(1134 km)
Headstreams are fast-flowing
mountainous rivers cutting through deep
gorges and narrow valleys
Middle Ganga stretch meanders through
relatively flat plains
Lower Ganga segment tends to be
braided, especially in the delta region
near the Bay of Bengal where sea tides
affect the river flow.
Central Pollution Control Board Standard for
Bathing (Class ‘B’)Dissolved Oxygen (DO) >= 5mg/l
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) <= 3mg/l
Faecal Coliform <= 500mpn/ 100ml
Critically Polluted Stretch in
terms of B.O.D and Faecal
Coliform
Issues related to
Faecal Coliform
Issues related to
Faecal Coliform
Major
Polluters
Pollution in River Ganga
* As per CPCB identification of 351 polluted stretches in the country in September 2018
No Ganga Stretches in priority
category I to IV*
State Polluted StretchesPriority Category
2018 2019
Uttarakhand Haridwar to Sultanpur (< 3 mg/l BOD ) IV -
Uttar Pradesh Kannauj to Varanasi (1.25– 4.2 mg/l BOD) IV V
Bihar Buxar to Bhagalpur (< 3 mg/l BOD ) V -
West Bengal Triveni to Diamond Harbour (2.3 – 4.1 mg/l BOD) III V
Priority Criteria
I BOD > 30 mg/l
II BOD > 20-30 mg/l
III BOD > 10-20 mg /l
IV BOD > 6-10 mg/l
V BOD 3-6 mg / l
Pollution
Abatement
Ecology
and Flow
People
River
Connect
Research,
Policy and
Knowledge
Management
Evidence Based Planning
Policy Formation
Implementation of Policy
Summary of
Namami Gange
Projects
S. No. Type of Project Name of StateNo of works
Taken up
Total Cost of
Project (Rs in Cr )
1 Sewerage Projects
Uttarakhand 34 1,151.18
Uttar Pradesh 50 10,288.38
Bihar 30 5,328.60
Jharkhand 2 156.12
West Bengal 22 3,789.71
Haryana 2 217.87
Delhi 11 2,361.08
Himachal Pradesh 1 11.57
Total 152 23,304.51
2 Industrial Pollution Abatement 13 1073.52
3 River front, Ghats and Crematoria 77 1425.34
4 Afforestation and Biodiversity conservation 29 456.85
5 Rural Sanitation 1 1421.26
6 Other Projects 43 1295.63
Grand Total 315 28,977.11
Pollution
Abatement
Ecology
and Flow
People
River
Connect
Research,
Policy and
Knowledge
Management
Evidence Based Planning
Policy Formation
Implementation of Policy
S.No. StateCapacity
(MLD)
Sewer
Network
(km)
1 Uttarakhand 165.28 186.19
2 Uttar Pradesh 1648.14 1783.86
3 Bihar 631.5 1754.01
4 Jharkhand 15.5 89.21
5 West Bengal 864.67 1063.05
6 Himanchal Pradesh 1.72
7 Haryana 145 40.94
8 Delhi 1384.5 125.58
Total 4857 5061.48
Total Projects
152
Capacity Creation
4857 MLD
Sewer Network
5061.48 Km• Main Ganga Stem – 113 Projects to create 2171.6
MLD and 4522 km Sewer Network
• Ganga Tributaries – 39 Projects to create 2686 MLD
and 621 km sewer Network on 27 Rivers
-All figures are in MLD (Million Litres per Day)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Estimated Sewage
Generation (2035)
Sewage Generation
(2016)
Current Status
Existing Capacity As
on 30.05.20
Approved Projects1240
2074
3314
2953
3603
Status of existing
infrastructure and
Interventions
- 97 Towns along
Ganga Main Stem
Sewage Generation Vs. Treatment Capacity
• Learning from past – Hybrid Annuity
Model (HAM) introduced for long
term satisfactory performance
• Construction linked payments – 40%
of capital cost
• Performance linked payments – 15
Years (60% quarterly Capex Annuity
with Interest with additional O&M
payments)
Hybrid Annuity Based Public Private
Partnership (PPP) Model for
Creation of Sewage Treatment
Infrastructure• Paradigm shift in the sector – one stop
solution for sewage treatment in the
entire city
• Integration of new and existing
sewage treatment infrastructure under
HAM
One City One Operator
Before After
Sisamau Nala, Kanpur
BeforeAfter
Kassawan Nala, Haridwar
Sewerage
Infrastructure
Projects
20
Sarai – 14 MLD, Haridwar
68 MLD Jagjeetpur – STP, Haridwar
Newly
Completed
Projects
Beur STP, Patna
5 MLD Chorpani Muni Ki Reti
Namami Gange
Initiatives Reuse
and Recycle Waste
water and By
Products
Treated wastewater reuse in Agriculture and
Horticulture
Treated wastewater
reuse in Industrial Areas
Treated wastewater
reuse in Thermal Plants
Reuse of sludge after waste
water treatment
Reuse and Recycle
of Treated Effluent
Adopting new
technologies and methods
for reuse of by-products of
treated effluent
Using sludge after
treatment for revenue
generation
Rural
Sanitation
• NMCG supplementing efforts of Department of
Drinking Water & Sanitation in ensuring sanitation in
Ganga villages.
• All 4465 Ganga bank villages declared ODF - 11
lakh Independent Household Latrines (IHHL)- (Rs
829cr)
• Need based Liquid Waste Management in Ganga
villages - Rs. 124 cr. Released
• Future Activities in SBM (Grameen) 2.0
Pollutio
n
Abateme
nt
Ecolo
gy and
Flow
People
River
Conne
ct
Research,
Policy and
Knowledge
Managemen
t
Evidence Based Planning
Policy Formation
Implementation of Policy
• Flood plains-integral part of overall river ecology
and their protection important for health of the
river.
• NMCG ‘Authority’ Notification mandates protection
of flood plains and keeping them regulated and
construction free.
• Committee for flood-plain demarcation for Ganga
from Haridwar to Unnao (no development zone/
regulatory zone).
• States requested to take action for demarcation of
flood plains and protection thereof.
Flood Plain Protection
Biodiversity Conservation and
Ganga Rejuvenation
• Dedicated project with WII
• Ganga Aqua life Conservation and Monitoring
Centre (GACMC)
• Ecological and Hydrological Surveys
• Genetic Assessment of Indicator Species
• The Eco-toxicological Assessment
• Spearhead teams for Capacity Building
• Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre
• A Cadre of Ganga Praharis
• Interpretation Centre and Floating Museums
• CIFRI, WWF, IUCN, States, TSA….Community
Extending it to other tributaries of Basin
• Agricultural runoff a major non-point source of pollution.
• Organic Farming taken up by MoA&FW in few clusters.
• Riverbed Agriculture should be only Organic.
• 85% of water utilization is for agriculture and efficient
use of water is important for Aviralta.
Sustainable Agriculture in Ganga Basin
Integrated
projects for
Medicinal
Plantation Uttar
Pradesh-10
Districts, 180
Gram
Panchayats, 60
Clusters and
2500 Ha.
800 Ha
corridor of
Medicinal
Plantation
along
Ganga
(NMPB)
Special
organic
farming in 5-
7 Kms
stretch
along both
sides of
Ganga
Demand side
management
of water to
increase
water
inefficiency for
reducing
abstraction of
water from
river
Ecosystem
approach to
Agriculture
Rudraksh
plantation
in
Uttarakhan
d with
INTACH
• Rejuvenation of small rivers in Ganga basin
• A GIS based inventory of small rivers has
been created along with district wise list of
small rivers
• Initiative added under MGNREGA for
Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
Small River Rejuvenation
Pollutio
n
Abateme
nt
Ecolo
gy and
Flow
People
River
Conne
ct
Research,
Policy and
Knowledge
Managemen
t
Evidence Based Planning
Policy Formation
Implementation of Policy
People River Connect
• River rejuvenation is a
collaborative and an adaptive
process
• Prioritize River Conservation in
education and related IEC
activities in Schools and
Colleges
• Community engagement, linking
livelihood and conservation
Ganga Vichar Manch(GVM)
(Individual Citizens)
Ganga Task Force (GTF)
(Ex-Servicemen)
Ganga PraharisGanga Bal Praharis
Pravasi Ganga Praharis (WII)
Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS)
(Ganga Doots)
National Service Scheme (NSS)
National Cadet Corps (NCC)
River trusts(Community
organizations)
Science Clubs(Vigyan Prashar)
Ganga Mitras(BHU)
District Ganga
Committee
SMCG
NMCG
GANGA UTSAV • organized on 4th Nov 2019 to
celebrate declaration of Ganga
as National river.
• A multiple activity program
engaging students and youth
including river cinemas, quiz,
storytelling, games on
ecological learnings, group
discussions etc.
• A 34 days long river rafting
expedition covering over
2500 KM of River Ganga
from Devprayag to
Gangasagar
• Biggest social outreach
programs through adventure
sports with an aim to
connect with lakhs of people
• Team comprises of team of
Armed Forces, NDRF, WII
Scientist and CSIR-IITR
Ganga Amantran
Great Ganga Run
• Marathon to create
awareness about river
Ganga
• Organized ‘The Great Ganga
Run in New Delhi on 15 th
September 2019
• Almost 20,000 people
participated in the marathon.
• Run for Women at Varanasi
on World Women’s Day
Total Participation
11,52,407
All Indian States and
Union Territories
participated
Enthusiastic participation
by all
5 basin states
More than 1 lakh schools
participated
1 million+
• A cleanliness Drive organized
across 8 major ghats on the
river Yamuna at Delhi on 28th
June 2019.
• Continued regularly in
association with local
organization, NGO’s and
RWA’s.
• Regular cleaning by
community volunteers at
several places along Ganga
Cleanathon at the banks of river
Pollutio
n
Abateme
nt
Ecolo
gy and
Flow
People
River
Conne
ct
Research,
Policy and
Knowledge
Managemen
t
Evidence Based Planning
Policy Formation
Implementation of Policy
• Manual Water Quality monitoring being conducted at 94
locations through respective SPCBs and data compiled at
CPCB.
• 44 Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Stations (RTWQMS)
installed on river Ganga.
• Additional 40 RTWQMS stations being set up.
• Further, the river water quality assessment carried out in 2018
indicates improvement in water quality trends as compared to
2017.
Water Quality Monitoring
47
Water Quality Monitoring
To create high
resolution
Digital Elevation
Model of better
than 0.5 m
accuracy, on 10
km of either side
of River Ganga
• Indicators of TYPE of
Contamination (Sewage and
Industrial)
• Ecosystem Services of the River
(nutrient recycling, fisheries etc)
• Define Health of the River /
Rejuvenation Efficiency
• Threat to Human Health (Antibiotic
Resistance Surge)
• Establishment of Ground Control Points
• Acquisition of Point Cloud Data UsingLidar Based Drone/UAV
• Data processing with help of high endcomputer, Point Cloud Classification,DTM and DEM Generation, FeatureExtraction of Springs and other features
• Field verification of Springs and datadelivery
• Hydro geologic and hydrologiccharacterization of the spring type,drainage, watershed of recharge area andother discharge information forsustainable spring shed management.
Spring Rejuvenation
Aquifer mapping with focus on Palaeo-channels in parts of
Ganga Yamuna Doab in Kaushambi-Kanpur stretch
?
A
BTracing the extension of
newly discovered paleo-
channel near Prayagraj and
3D mapping of aquifer system
in the middle Ganga plain
• Ganga River Basin Management Plan
recognizes the importance of interplay between
groundwater and surface water.
• A project in collaboration with CGWB and
National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI)
for aquifer mapping
• Development of plan for managing aquifer
recharge which may help in increasing the flow
of river Ganga during lean season.
River Ecology & Environmental
Science
MP Vision/Objecti
ves vis-à-vis river
River Background
River Zone Delineation
Urban Flooding
LanduseZone, Use Premise
Development Control
Regulations
Ground Water Augmentation
River Water Extraction for
City Use
River Pollutants and Pollution Level
River Navigation Inland
Waterways
Most of the Ganga Basin
towns lack in River sensitive
approach with in their Master
Plans
Parameters for Urban
River Management found
within Master Plans
Mainstreaming River
Management in Current
Planning Framework
Generic Parameters
Environmental Parameters
Planning Parameters
Arth Ganga
Sustainable and
viable economic
development model
to integrate people in
the basin with Ganga
rejuvenation
River Ganga a
spiritual entity and a
economic resource
• Similar river rejuvenation programme for larger watersheds of the
country prioritizing socio-economic development alongside
ecological protection
• Yamuna, Periyar, Cauvery, Godavari, Narmada and Mahanadi
highlighted in the Presidential address
• Yamuna included in Namami Gange and projects at Himachal
Pradesh, Haryana (Sonipat, Panipat), Delhi and UP (Mathura,
Vrindavan, Agra, Ferojabad, Etawa and Prayagraj) are under
execution
• Rest five rivers are being taken up under National River
Conservation Plan (NRCP) by suitably strengthening and
restructuring on lines of NMCG.
• Tamil Nadu government launched special programme called
“Nadanthai Vazhi Cauvery” on the lines of “Namami Gange” to
clean and rejuvenate the river Cauvery.
• The sewerage hotspot analysis is already done along with talks on
biodiversity conservation with WII.