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DESAIN LEAFLET KEMOPIRIN INJECTION KEMOPIRIN Injection 10mg/5mL & 50mg/25mL COMPOSITION : Each mL of injection contains : Epirubicin HCl ............................................................................................................... 2 mg Epirubicin HCl (Epirubicin Hydrochloride) is an anthracycline with antiblastic activity. Its structural formula is as follows : DESCRIPTION : O OH O OH OCH1 COCH OH 2 OH O HO NH2 HCl O CH3 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY : The mechanism of action of Epirubicin HCl is related to its ability to bind to DNA. Cell culture studies have shown rapid cell penetration, localisation in the nucleus and inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis and mitosis. Epirubicin HCl has proved to be active on a wide spectrum of experimental tumours including L 1210 and P 388 leukemias, sarcomas SA 180 (solid and ascitic forms), melanoma B 16, mammary carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and colon carcinoma 38. It has also shown activity against human tumours transplanted into athymic nude mice (melanoma, mammary, lung, prostatic and ovarian carcinomas). CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY : In patients with normal hepatic and renal function, plasma levels after i.v. injection of 75-90 2 mg/m of the drug follow a tri-exponential decreasing pattern with a very fast first phase and a slow terminal phase with a mean half-life of about 40 hours. Plasma levels of the drug’s main metabolite, the 13-OH derivative, are constantly lower and virtually parallel to those of the unchanged drug. Epirubicin HCl is eliminated mainly through the liver, high plasma clearance values (0.9L/min) indicate that this slow elimination is due to extensive tissue distribution. The drug does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Epirubicin HCl administered as single agent has shown to produce regression in a broad spectrum of tumours including mammary carcinoma, malignant lymphomas, soft tissue sarcomas and gastric cancer. Prelimenary findings indicate that the drug has produce some anti tumor activity in malignant melanoma and in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Given in combination with other antiblastic drugs, Epirubicin HCl has induced also a therapeutic response in lung and ovarian cancer. INDICATIONS : Epirubicin HCl is contraindicated in patients with marked myelosuppression induced by previous treatments with other antitumour agents or by radio-therapy, and in patients already treated with maximal cumulative doses of other anthracyclines such as Doxorubicin or daunorubicin. The drug is contraindicated in patients in a current or previous history of cardiac impairment. Hypersensitivity, to hydroxybenzoates is a contraindications. CONTRAINDICATIONS : Apart from myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity (described under Precautions) the following adverse reactions have been described : · Alopecia, normally reversible, appears in 60-90% of treated cases; it is accompanied by lack of beard growth in males. · Mucositis may appear 5-10 days after the start of treatment, and usually involves stomatitis with areas of painful erosions, mainly along the sides of the tongue and on the sublingual mucosa. · Gastro-intestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea · Hyperpyrexia ADVERSE REACTIONS : Warnings Epirubicin HCl should be administered only under the supervision of qualified physicians experienced in antiblastic and cytotoxic therapy. Initial treatment calls for a careful baseline monitoring of various laboratory parameters and cardiac function. Precautions During the first cycles of treatment with Epirubicin HCl patients must be carefully and frequently monitored. Red and white blood cells (neutrophils) and platelet counts should be carefully monitored. Leukopenia and neutropenia are usually transient with normal dosage schedules, reaching a th th st nadir between the 10 and 14 day, but returning to normal values by the 21 day. Before starting therapy and if possible during treatment, liver function should be evaluated (SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, BSP). WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS : BORYUNG Manufactured by pharm Boryung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Ansan - Korea Imported and Distributed by PT Otto Pharmaceutical Industries Bandung - Indonesia When Epirubicin HCl is used as a single agent, the recommended dosage in adult is 60-90 2 mg/m body area; the drug should be injected i.v. 3-5 minutes and depending on the patient’s haematomedullar status, the dose should be repeated at 21-day intervals. Lower doses (60-75 2 mg/m ) are recommended for patients whose bone marrow function has already been impaired by previous chemotherapy or radio-therapy, by age, or neoplastic bone-marrow infiltration. The total dose per cycle may be devided over 2-3 successive days. When the drug is use in combination with other antitumour agents, the doses need to be adequately reduced. Since the major route of elimination of Epirubicin HCl is the hepatobiliary system, the dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired liver function, in order to avoid an increase of overall toxicity. Moderate liver impairment (bilirubin :1,4-3 mg/100 mL or BSP retention : 9-15%) requires a 50% reduction of dose while severe impairment (bilirubin > 3 mg/100 mL or BSP retention > 15%) necessitates a dose reduction of 75%. Moderate renal impairment dose not appear to require a dose reduction in view of the limited amount of Epirubicin HCl excreted by this route. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION : Epirubicin HCl should administered by intravenous injection. It is not active when given orally and should not be injected intramuscularly or intrathecally. It is advisable to give the drug via the tubing of freely-running i.v. saline infusion after checking that the needle is well placed in the vein. This method minimized the risk of drug extravasation and make sure that the vein is flushed with saline after the administration of the drug. Extravasation of Epirubicin HCl from the vein during injection may give rise to severe tissue lesions, even necrosis. Venous sclerosis may result from injection into small vessels or repeated injection into the same vein. Epirubicin HCl should not be mixed with heparin due to chemically incompatibility which may lead to precipitation when the drugs are in certain proportions. Epirubicin HCl can be used in combination with other antitumour agents, but it is not recommended that it be mixed with these drugs in the same syringe. DIRECTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION : Very high single dose of Epirubicin HCl may be expected to cause acute myocardial degeneration within 24 hours and severe myelosuppression within 10-14 days. Treatment should aim to support the patient during this period and should utilize such measures as blood transfusion and reverse barrier nursing. Delayed cardiac failure has been seen with the anthracycline up to 6 months after the overdose. Patients should be observed carefully and should, if signs of cardiac failure arise, be treated along conventional lines. OVERDOSAGE : ° Store in refrigerator (2~8 C), protect from light. Keep medicine out of reach of children. STORAGE : ON MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION ONLY PACKAGING AND REGISTRATION NO : KEMOPIRIN injection 2mg/mL : Box of 1 vial @ 5 mL / DKI1605401143A1 KEMOPIRIN injection 2mg/mL : Box of 1 vial @ 25 mL / DKI1605401143A1 2 A cumulative dose of 900-1000 mg/m should only be exceeded with extreme caution with both conventional and high doses. Above this level the risk of irreversible congestive cardiac failure increases greatly. There is objective evidence that the cardiac toxicity may occur rarely below this range. However, cardiac function must be carefully monitored during treatment to minimize the risk of heart failure of the type described for other anthracyclines. This heart failure can appear even several weeks after discontinuing treatment, and may prove unresponsive to specific medical treatment. The potential risk of cardiotoxicity may increase in patients who have received concomitant, or prior, radio-therapy to the mediastinal pericardial area. In establishing the maximal cumulative dose of Epirubicin HCl any concomitant therapy with potentially cardiotoxic drugs should be taken into account. It is recommended that an ECG before and after each treatment cycle should be carried out. Alterations in the ECG tracing, such as flattening or inversion of the T wave, depression of the S-T segment, or the onset of arrhythmias, generally transient and reversible, need not necessarily be taken as indications to discontinue treatment. Cardiomyopathy induced by anthracyclines is associated with a persistent reduction of QRS voltage, prolongation beyond normal limits of the systolic interval (PEP/LVET) and the reduction on the ejection fraction. Cardiac monitoring of the patients receiving Epirubicin HCl treatment is highly important and it is advisable to assess cardiac function by non-invasive techniques such as ECG, echocardiography and, if necessary, measurement of ejection fraction by radionuclide angiography. Like other cytotoxic agents, Epirubicin HCl may induce hyperuricemia as result of rapid lycis of neoplastic cells. Blood uric acid levels should therefore be carefully checked so that this phenomenon may be controlled pharmacologically. There is no conclusive information as to whether this drug may adversely affect human fertility, or cause teratogenic; experimental data, however, suggest that Epirubicin HCl may harm to foetus. Its use in pregnancy is therefore not recommended. Like most other antitumoral and immunosuppressant agents, Epirubicin HCl, under particular experimental conditions, has mutagenic properties and is carcinogenic in laboratory animals. Epirubicin HCl may impart a red colour to the urine for 1-2 days after administration. Warning : Cytotoxic Agent

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DESAIN LEAFLET KEMOPIRIN INJECTION

KEMOPIRINInjection 10mg/5mL & 50mg/25mL

COMPOSITION :

Each mL of injection contains :Epirubicin HCl ............................................................................................................... 2 mg

Epirubicin HCl (Epirubicin Hydrochloride) is an anthracycline with antiblastic activity. Its structural formula is as follows :

DESCRIPTION :

O OH

O OHOCH1

COCH OH2

OH

O

HONH2 HCl•

OCH3

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY :

The mechanism of action of Epirubicin HCl is related to its ability to bind to DNA. Cell culture studies have shown rapid cell penetration, localisation in the nucleus and inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis and mitosis. Epirubicin HCl has proved to be active on a wide spectrum of experimental tumours including L 1210 and P 388 leukemias, sarcomas SA 180 (solid and ascitic forms), melanoma B 16, mammary carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and colon carcinoma 38. It has also shown activity against human tumours transplanted into athymic nude mice (melanoma, mammary, lung, prostatic and ovarian carcinomas).

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY :

In patients with normal hepatic and renal function, plasma levels after i.v. injection of 75-90 2mg/m of the drug follow a tri-exponential decreasing pattern with a very fast first phase and a

slow terminal phase with a mean half-life of about 40 hours.Plasma levels of the drug’s main metabolite, the 13-OH derivative, are constantly lower and virtually parallel to those of the unchanged drug. Epirubicin HCl is eliminated mainly through the liver, high plasma clearance values (0.9L/min) indicate that this slow elimination is due to extensive tissue distribution. The drug does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

Epirubicin HCl administered as single agent has shown to produce regression in a broad spectrum of tumours including mammary carcinoma, malignant lymphomas, soft tissue sarcomas and gastric cancer. Prelimenary findings indicate that the drug has produce some anti tumor activity in malignant melanoma and in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Given in combination with other antiblastic drugs, Epirubicin HCl has induced also a therapeutic response in lung and ovarian cancer.

INDICATIONS :

Epirubicin HCl is contraindicated in patients with marked myelosuppression induced by previous treatments with other antitumour agents or by radio-therapy, and in patients already treated with maximal cumulative doses of other anthracyclines such as Doxorubicin or daunorubicin.The drug is contraindicated in patients in a current or previous history of cardiac impairment. Hypersensitivity, to hydroxybenzoates is a contraindications.

CONTRAINDICATIONS :

Apart from myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity (described under Precautions) the following adverse reactions have been described :· Alopecia, normally reversible, appears in 60-90% of treated cases; it is accompanied by lack

of beard growth in males.· Mucositis may appear 5-10 days after the start of treatment, and usually involves stomatitis

with areas of painful erosions, mainly along the sides of the tongue and on the sublingual mucosa.

· Gastro-intestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea· Hyperpyrexia

ADVERSE REACTIONS :

WarningsEpirubicin HCl should be administered only under the supervision of qualified physicians experienced in antiblastic and cytotoxic therapy.Initial treatment calls for a careful baseline monitoring of various laboratory parameters and cardiac function.

PrecautionsDuring the first cycles of treatment with Epirubicin HCl patients must be carefully and frequently monitored.Red and white blood cells (neutrophils) and platelet counts should be carefully monitored. Leukopenia and neutropenia are usually transient with normal dosage schedules, reaching a

th th st nadir between the 10 and 14 day, but returning to normal values by the 21 day.Before starting therapy and if possible during treatment, liver function should be evaluated (SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, BSP).

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS :

BORYUNGManufactured by

pharmBoryung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd

Ansan - Korea

Imported and Distributed by

PT Otto Pharmaceutical IndustriesBandung - Indonesia

When Epirubicin HCl is used as a single agent, the recommended dosage in adult is 60-90 2mg/m body area; the drug should be injected i.v. 3-5 minutes and depending on the patient’s

haematomedullar status, the dose should be repeated at 21-day intervals. Lower doses (60-75 2mg/m ) are recommended for patients whose bone marrow function has already been

impaired by previous chemotherapy or radio-therapy, by age, or neoplastic bone-marrow infiltration.The total dose per cycle may be devided over 2-3 successive days. When the drug is use in combination with other antitumour agents, the doses need to be adequately reduced. Since the major route of elimination of Epirubicin HCl is the hepatobiliary system, the dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired liver function, in order to avoid an increase of overall toxicity. Moderate liver impairment (bilirubin :1,4-3 mg/100 mL or BSP retention : 9-15%) requires a 50% reduction of dose while severe impairment (bilirubin > 3 mg/100 mL or BSP retention> 15%) necessitates a dose reduction of 75%.Moderate renal impairment dose not appear to require a dose reduction in view of the limited amount of Epirubicin HCl excreted by this route.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION :

Epirubicin HCl should administered by intravenous injection.It is not active when given orally and should not be injected intramuscularly or intrathecally. It is advisable to give the drug via the tubing of freely-running i.v. saline infusion after checking that the needle is well placed in the vein. This method minimized the risk of drug extravasation and make sure that the vein is flushed with saline after the administration of the drug. Extravasation of Epirubicin HCl from the vein during injection may give rise to severe tissue lesions, even necrosis. Venous sclerosis may result from injection into small vessels or repeated injection into the same vein.Epirubicin HCl should not be mixed with heparin due to chemically incompatibility which may lead to precipitation when the drugs are in certain proportions.Epirubicin HCl can be used in combination with other antitumour agents, but it is not recommended that it be mixed with these drugs in the same syringe.

DIRECTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION :

Very high single dose of Epirubicin HCl may be expected to cause acute myocardial degeneration within 24 hours and severe myelosuppression within 10-14 days. Treatment should aim to support the patient during this period and should utilize such measures as blood transfusion and reverse barrier nursing. Delayed cardiac failure has been seen with the anthracycline up to 6 months after the overdose. Patients should be observed carefully and should, if signs of cardiac failure arise, be treated along conventional lines.

OVERDOSAGE :

°Store in refrigerator (2~8 C), protect from light.Keep medicine out of reach of children.

STORAGE :

ON MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION ONLY

PACKAGING AND REGISTRATION NO :

KEMOPIRIN injection 2mg/mL : Box of 1 vial @ 5 mL / DKI1605401143A1KEMOPIRIN injection 2mg/mL : Box of 1 vial @ 25 mL / DKI1605401143A1

2A cumulative dose of 900-1000 mg/m should only be exceeded with extreme caution with both conventional and high doses. Above this level the risk of irreversible congestive cardiac failure increases greatly. There is objective evidence that the cardiac toxicity may occur rarely below this range. However, cardiac function must be carefully monitored during treatment to minimize the risk of heart failure of the type described for other anthracyclines. This heart failure can appear even several weeks after discontinuing treatment, and may prove unresponsive to specific medical treatment.The potential risk of cardiotoxicity may increase in patients who have received concomitant, or prior, radio-therapy to the mediastinal pericardial area. In establishing the maximal cumulative dose of Epirubicin HCl any concomitant therapy with potentially cardiotoxic drugs should be taken into account.It is recommended that an ECG before and after each treatment cycle should be carried out. Alterations in the ECG tracing, such as flattening or inversion of the T wave, depression of the S-T segment, or the onset of arrhythmias, generally transient and reversible, need not necessarily be taken as indications to discontinue treatment. Cardiomyopathy induced by anthracyclines is associated with a persistent reduction of QRS voltage, prolongation beyond normal limits of the systolic interval (PEP/LVET) and the reduction on the ejection fraction. Cardiac monitoring of the patients receiving Epirubicin HCl treatment is highly important and it is advisable to assess cardiac function by non-invasive techniques such as ECG, echocardiography and, if necessary, measurement of ejection fraction by radionuclide angiography. Like other cytotoxic agents, Epirubicin HCl may induce hyperuricemia as result of rapid lycis of neoplastic cells. Blood uric acid levels should therefore be carefully checked so that this phenomenon may be controlled pharmacologically.There is no conclusive information as to whether this drug may adversely affect human fertility, or cause teratogenic; experimental data, however, suggest that Epirubicin HCl may harm to foetus. Its use in pregnancy is therefore not recommended.Like most other antitumoral and immunosuppressant agents, Epirubicin HCl, under particular experimental conditions, has mutagenic properties and is carcinogenic in laboratory animals.Epirubicin HCl may impart a red colour to the urine for 1-2 days after administration.

Warning : Cytotoxic Agent

DESAIN LEAFLET KEMOPIRIN INJEKSI

sangat meningkat. Terdapat bukti obyektif bahwa toksisitas jantung dapat jarang terjadi di bawah kisaran ini. Namun, fungsi jantung harus dipantau hati-hati selama pengobatan untuk meminimalkan risiko gagal jantung dari tipe yang diuraikan pada anthracycline lainnya. Gagal jantung ini dapat muncul bahkan beberapa minggu setelah menghentikan pengobatan, dan dapat tidak responsif terhadap perawatan medis spesifik.Potensi risiko kardiotoksisitas dapat meningkatkan pada pasien yang telah menerima secara bersamaan, atau sebelum, radioterapi ke area perikardial mediastinum. Dalam menetapkan dosis akumulasi maksimal Epirubicin HCl terapi bersamaan dengan obat yang berpotensi kardiotoksik harus diperhitungkan.Disarankan EKG sebelum dan sesudah setiap siklus pengobatan harus dilakukan. Perubahan dalam pencatatan EKG, seperti gelombang T mendatar atau inversi, depresi segmen ST, atau timbulnya aritmia, umumnya sementara dan reversibel, tidak perlu diambil sebagai indikasi untuk menghentikan pengobatan. Kardiomiopati disebabkan oleh anthracycline dikaitkan dengan penurunan terus-menerus dari tegangan QRS, perpanjangan melampaui batas normal interval sistolik (PEP / LVET) dan pengurangan pada fraksi ejeksi.Monitoring jantung dari pasien yang menerima pengobatan Epirubicin HCl sangat penting dan dianjurkan untuk menilai fungsi jantung dengan teknik non-invasif seperti EKG, ekokardiografi dan, jika perlu, pengukuran fraksi ejeksi dengan angiografi radionuklida. Seperti agen sitotoksik lainnya, Epirubicin HCl dapat menyebabkan hiperurisemia akibat sel-sel neoplastik cepat lisis. Kadar asam urat darah harus diperiksa secara hati-hati sehingga fenomena ini dapat dikendalikan secara farmakologi.Tidak ada informasi konklusif apakah obat ini dapat mempengaruhi kesuburan manusia, atau menyebabkan teratogenik; data eksperimen, bagaimanapun, menunjukkan bahwa Epirubicin HCl dapat membahayakan janin. Penggunaannya dalam kehamilan karena itu tidak dianjurkan.Seperti kebanyakan agen antitumoral dan imunosupresan lainnya, Epirubicin HCl, di bawah kondisi percobaan tertentu, memiliki sifat mutagenik dan karsinogenik pada hewan laboratorium.Epirubicin HCl dapat memberi warna merah pada urin selama 1-2 hari setelah pemberian.

°Simpan dalam lemari pendingin (2 - 8 C), lindungi dari cahaya.Jauhkan dari jangkauan anak-anak.

PENYIMPANAN :

HARUS DENGAN RESEP DOKTER

KEMASAN DAN NO. REGISTRASI :

KEMOPIRIN injeksi 2mg/mL : Box isi 1 vial @ 5 ml / DKI1605401143A1KEMOPIRIN injeksi 2mg/mL : Box isi 1 vial @ 25 ml / DKI1605401143A1

DOSIS DAN ADMINISTRASI :

Ketika Epirubicin HCl digunakan sebagai agen tunggal, dosis yang dianjurkan pada orang 2dewasa adalah 60-90 mg / m area tubuh; obat harus disuntikkan i.v. 3-5 menit dan tergantung

pada status hematomedular pasien, dosis harus diulang pada interval 21 hari. Dosis yang 2lebih rendah (60-75 mg / m ) yang direkomendasikan untuk pasien dengan gangguan fungsi

sumsum tulang yang disebabkan oleh kemoterapi atau radioterapi sebelumnya, usia, atau infiltrasi sumsum tulang neoplastik.Dosis total per siklus dapat dibagi 2-3 hari berturut-turut. Ketika obat ini digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan agen antitumor lain, dosis perlu dikurangi secara memadai. Karena eliminasi utama dari Epirubicin HCl adalah sistem hepatobilier, dosis harus dikurangi pada pasien dengan gangguan fungsi hati, untuk menghindari peningkatan toksisitas keseluruhan. Gangguan hati sedang (bilirubin : 1,4-3 mg / 100 ml atau retensi BSP: 9-15%) memerlukan pengurangan 50% dari dosis, sementara pada kerusakan berat (bilirubin > 3 mg / 100 ml atau BSP retensi > 15%) membutuhkan pengurangan dosis 75%.Pada gangguan ginjal sedang tidak perlu pengurangan dosis mengingat jumlah terbatas Epirubicin HCl yang diekskresikan oleh rute ini.

CARA PEMBERIAN :

Epirubicin HCl harus diberikan melalui suntikan intravena.Epirubicin HCl tidak aktif bila diberikan secara oral dan tidak boleh disuntikkan intramuskular atau intratekal.Dianjurkan untuk memberikan obat melalui tubing of freely-running i.v. saline infusion setelah memeriksa bahwa jarum ditempatkan di vena secara tepat. Metode ini meminimalkan risiko ekstravasasi obat dan memastikan bahwa vena terbilas dengan salin setelah pemberian obat. Ekstravasasi Epirubicin HCl dari vena selama injeksi dapat menimbulkan lesi jaringan yang parah, bahkan nekrosis. Sklerosis vena mungkin disebabkan oleh injeksi ke pembuluh darah kecil atau injeksi berulang ke dalam pembuluh darah yang sama.Epirubicin HCl tidak boleh dicampur dengan heparin karena ketidakcocokan kimia yang dapat menyebabkan presipitasi obat dalam proporsi tertentu.Epirubicin HCl dapat digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan agen antitumor lain, tetapi tidak dianjurkan dicampur dengan obat tersebut dalam jarum suntik yang sama.

OVERDOSIS :

Dosis Epirubicin HCl tunggal yang sangat tinggi dapat menyebabkan degenerasi akut miokardium dalam waktu 24 jam dan mielosupresi parah dalam waktu 10-14 hari. Pengobatan bertujuan untuk mendukung pasien selama periode ini dan harus memanfaatkan langkah-langkah seperti transfusi darah dan perawatan isolasi. Gagal jantung tertunda telah terlihat dengan anthracycline hingga 6 bulan setelah overdosis. Pasien harus diamati dengan hati-hati, jika tanda-tanda gagal jantung timbul, dilakukan penanganan secara konvensional.

BORYUNGDiproduksi oleh

pharmBoryung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd

Ansan - Korea

Diimpor dan Didistribusikan oleh

PT Otto Pharmaceutical IndustriesBandung - Indonesia

KEMOPIRINInjeksi 10mg/5ml & 50mg/25ml

O OH

O OHOCH1

COCH OH2

OH

O

HONH2 HCl•

OCH3

KOMPOSISI :

Setiap ml injeksi mengandung :Epirubicin HCl ............................................................................................................... 2 mg

DESKRIPSI :

Epirubicin HCl (epirubicin hidroklorida) adalah anthracycline dengan aktivitas antiblastik. Rumus struktur sebagai berikut :

AKTIVITAS BIOLOGIS :

Mekanisme kerja dari Epirubicin HCl berhubungan dengan kemampuannya untuk mengikat pada DNA. Penelitian kultur sel menunjukkan penetrasi sel yang cepat, lokalisasi di inti dan penghambatan sintesis asam nukleat dan mitosis. Epirubicin HCl telah terbukti menjadi aktif pada spektrum yang luas pada tumor eksperimental termasuk L 1210 dan P 388 leukemia, sarkoma SA 180 (padat dan bentuk asites), melanoma B 16, karsinoma payudara, karsinoma paru Lewis dan karsinoma kolon 38. Juga menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap tumor manusia ditransplantasikan ke tikus athymic telanjang (melanoma, karsinoma payudara, paru-paru, prostat dan ovarium).

FARMAKOLOGI :

Pada pasien dengan fungsi hati dan ginjal yang normal, kadar plasma setelah injeksi obat i.v. 275-90 mg / m mengikuti pola penurunan tri-eksponensial dengan sangat cepat fase pertama

dan fase terminal lambat dengan waktu paruh rata-rata sekitar 40 jam.Kadar plasma dari metabolit utama obat, derivat 13-OH, yang terus-menerus rendah dan hampir sejajar dengan orang-orang yang tidak merubah obat. Epirubicin HCl dieliminasi terutama melalui hati, nilai bersihan plasma yang tinggi (0.9 l/min) menunjukkan bahwa eliminasi lambat ini disebabkan jaringan distribusi yang luas. Obat ini tidak melewati sawar darah otak.

INDIKASI :

Epirubicin HCl diberikan sebagai agen tunggal telah terbukti menghasilkan regresi dalam spektrum yang luas dari tumor termasuk karsinoma payudara, limfoma ganas, sarkoma jaringan lunak dan kanker lambung. Temuan preliminari menunjukkan bahwa obat ini menghasilkan beberapa aktivitas anti tumor pada melanoma ganas dan karsinoma kolorektal lanjut. Diberikan dalam kombinasi dengan obat antiblastic lainnya, Epirubicin HCl menginduksi juga respon terapi pada kanker paru-paru dan ovarium.

KONTRAINDIKASI :

Epirubicin HCl kontraindikasi pada pasien dengan mielosupresi yang disebabkan oleh perawatan sebelumnya dengan agen antitumor lainnya atau dengan radioterapi, dan pada pasien yang sudah diobati dengan dosis kumulatif maksimal anthracycline lain seperti Doxorubicin atau Daunorubisin.Obat ini dikontraindikasikan pada pasien dengan sejarah saat ini atau sebelumnya terdapat gangguan jantung. Hipersensitivitas terhadap Hidroksibenzoat adalah kontraindikasi.

EFEK SAMPING :

Terlepas dari mielosupresi dan kardiotoksisitas (dijelaskan di bawah Peringatan dan Perhatian) reaksi yang merugikan berikut telah dijelaskan :l Alopesia, biasanya reversibel, muncul dalam 60-90% kasus yang diobati; disertai dengan

kurangnya pertumbuhan jenggot pada laki-laki.l Mukositis dapat muncul 5-10 hari setelah awal pengobatan, dan biasanya melibatkan

stomatitis dengan bidang erosi yang menyakitkan, terutama di sepanjang sisi lidah dan pada mukosa sublingual.

l Gangguan lambung dan usus, seperti mual, muntah dan diare.l Hiperpireksia

PERINGATAN DAN PERHATIAN :PeringatanEpirubicin HCl harus diberikan hanya di bawah pengawasan dokter yang berkualitas berpengalaman dalam terapi antiblastik dan sitotoksik.Pengobatan awal perlu pemantauan dasar berbagai parameter laboratorium dan fungsi jantung.PerhatianSelama siklus pertama pengobatan dengan Epirubicin HCl pasien harus hati-hati dan sering dipantau.Sel darah merah dan darah putih (neutrofil) dan jumlah trombosit harus dipantau secara seksama. Leukopenia dan neutropenia biasanya transien dengan jadwal dosis normal, mencapai titik terendah antara hari ke 10 dan 14, tetapi kembali ke nilai normal pada hari ke-21.Sebelum memulai terapi dan jika mungkin selama pengobatan, fungsi hati harus dievaluasi (SGOT, SGPT, alkali fosfatase, bilirubin, BSP).

2Dosis kumulatif 900-1000 mg/m hanya boleh dilampaui dengan peringatan keras baik untuk dosis konvensional maupun dosis tinggi. Di atas tingkat ini risiko ireversibel kongestif gagal jantung

Peringatan : Cytotoxic Agent