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Speak Japanese Fluently

VERBS

The most important thing you can learn in order to speak Japanese is verbs. If you can understand verbs you will make great progress with your Japanese in a short period of time. The reason why is in real everyday spoken conversation Japanese more often than not drop the subject and object of sentences leaving just the verb. In colloquial speech Japanese can almost have entire conversations just using verbs if the subject and object is understood by the speaker and listener. Understanding who or what is being spoken about can be very confusing unless you know and understand verb forms. Japanese verbs are complex requiring a lot of practice and study to understand them in written Japanese and spoken Japanese. Learning verbs is difficult because there are so many conjugations. I have devised a method to force you to read and learn the sounds of the most common verb conjugations.

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POWER METHOD

This method is designed to get you to accustomed to the sounds, forms and endings of verbs as quickly as possible. For these exercise don't concern yourself with meaning too much. That will come later. Trying to

memorize verbs with complete sentences along with grammar explanations will result in information overload and little or no progress. Here, we just want to program your brain so that you find it easy to understand and

catch verbs in colloquial conversation.

1. Play each audio track and repeat aloud after Kaoru Sensei while reading/following the charts.

2. Read the verb charts and make notes of ones you can't remember or have

trouble reading.

3. Play the audio track and repeat after Kaoru Sensei without referring to the charts

4. Repeat and practice for several days

NOTE

Some of the verbs from these exercises are never said in real conversations or can't be used simply because they wouldn't make sense or there would be no context for them anyway. The whole point of these exercises is just to get you used to the sounds of verb endings and have you be able to recognize them.

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LESSON 1 – Plain Form Verbs

Romaji Plain Form MeaningSuru する To do

Kuru くる To come

Taberu たべる To eat

Miru みる To look

Neru ねる To sleep

Okiru おきる To wake up

Nomu のむ To drink

Kau かう To buy

Hanasu はなす To speak

Aru ある To exist

Asobu あそぶ To play

Oyogu およぐ To swim

Kaku かく To write

Matsu まつ To wait

Noru のる To ride

Shinu しぬ To die

The Japanese present tense verb has two functions. One, to describe what a person does habitually , and two, to describe what a person has planned to do in the future.

タバコ　をすう Tabako wo suu I smoke Habitual behaviour

パーティーにいく Party ni iku I will go to the party Future paln or intention



LESSON 2 Now we take a look at the masu form. This is the standard polite verb form which you probably already know. It is usually the first verb form you learn in text books. Masu form verbs have exactly the same meaning as plan

form verbs. They are essentially plain form verbs just dressed up to be polite.

Romaji Plain Form Masu Form MeaningShimasu するします To do

Kimasu くるきます To come

Tabemau たべるたべます To eat

Mimasu みるみます To look

Nemasu ねるねます To sleep

Okimasu おきるおきます To wake up

Nomimasu のむのみます To drink

Kaimasu かうかいます To buy

Hanashimasu はなすはなします To speak

Arimasu あるあります To exist

Asobimasu あそぶあそびます To play

Oyogimau およぐおよぎます To swim

Kakimasu かくかきます To write

Machimasu まつまちます To wait

Norimasu のるのります To ride

Shinimasu しぬしにます To die

LESSON 3Copyright ©2007 -Talksushi.com-All rights reserved


The past simple tense – notice all the verbs end in “shita”

Romaji Simple Past Form MeaningShita した Did

Kita きた Came

Tabeta たべた Ate

Mita みた Saw/watched

Neta ねた Slept

Okita おきた Woke up

Nonda のんだ Drank

Katta かった Bought

Hanashita はなした Spoke/talked

Atta あった Had

Asonda あそんだ Played

Oyoida およいだ Swam

Kaita かいた Wrote

Matta まった Waited

Notta のった Rode

Shinda しんだ Died

LESSON 4



Here is the past tense masu form. Notice all the verbs end in mashita.

Romaji Masu Past Form MeaningShimashita しました Did

Kimashita きました Came

Tabemashita たべました Ate

Mimashita みました Saw/watched

Nemashita ねました Slept

Okimashita おきました Woke up

Nomimashita のみました Drank

Kaimashita かいました Bought

Hanashimashita はなしました Spoke/talked

Arimashita ありました Had

Asobimashita あそびました Played

Oyogimashita およぎました Swam

Kakimashita かきました Wrote

Machitmashita まちました Waited

Norimashita のりました Rode

Shinimashita しにました Died

LESSON 5

Now we are moving on to the simple negative verb form.



Romaji Simple Negative MeaningShinai しない Don't or won't do

Konai こない Don't or won't come

Tabenai たべない Don't or won't eat

Minai みない Don't or won't see/watch

Nenai ねない Don't or won't sleep

Okinai おきない Don't or won't get up

Nomanai のまない Don't or won't drink

Kawanai かわない Don't or won't buy

Hanasanai はなさない Don't or won't speak/talk

nai ない Don't have

Asobanai あそばない Don't or won't play

Oyoganai およがない Don't or won't swim

Kakanai かかない Don't or won't write

Matanai またない Don't or won't wait

Noranai のらない Don't or won't ride

Shinanai しなない Don't or won't die

LESSON 6

The negative masu form. Notice how all the verbs end with “masen”

Masu Form Masu Form Meaning



Shimasen しません Don't or won't do

Kimasen きません Don't or won't come

Tabemasen たべません Don't or won't eat

Mimasen みません Don't or won't see/watch

Nemasen ねません Don't or won't sleep

Okimasen おきません Don't or won't get up

Nomimasen のみません Don't or won't drink

Kaimasen かいません Don't or won't buy

Hanashimasen はなしません Don't or won't speak/talk

Arimasen ありません Don't have

Asobimasen あそびません Don't or won't play

Oyogimasen およぎません Don't or won't swim

Kakimasen かきません Don't or won't write

Machimasen まちません Don't or won't wait

Norimasen のりません Don't or won't ride

Shinimasen しにません Don't or won't die

LESSON 7

Now things start to get a little tricky with the past negative form. It is important to note the double consonants かった. All double consonants are written with a small つ. The っ is defined as the glottal stop. A glottal stop is a speech sound articulated by a momentary, complete closing of the glottis in the back of the throat. It is a one-syllable pause to prepare the mouth to pronounce the next syllable.

Romanji Past Negative Meaning



Shina-katta しなかった Didn't do

Kona-katta こなかった Didn't come

Tabena-katta たべなかった Didn't eat

Mina-katta みなかった Didn't see/watch/look

Nena-katta ねなかった Didn't sleep

Okina-katta おきなかった Didn't get up

Nomana-katta のまなかった Didn't drink

Kawana-katta かわなかった Didn't buy

Hanasana-katta はなさなかった Didn't speak

Na-katta なかった Didn't have

Asobana-katta あそばなかった Didn't play

Oyagana-katta およがなかった Didn't swim

Kakana-katta かかなかった Didn't write

Matana-katta またなかった Didn't wait

Norana-katta のらなかった Didn't ride

Shinana-katta しななかった Didn't die

LESSON 8

The negative past tense masu form. Notice how all the verbs end with “masen deshita”

Romaji Masu Past Negative MeaningShimasendeshita しませんでした Didn't do

Kimasendeshita きませんでした Didn't come



Tabemasendeshita たべませんでした Didn't eat

Mimasendeshita みませんでした Didn't see/watch/look

Nemasendeshita ねませんでした Didn't sleep

Okimasendeshita おきませんでした Didn't get up

Nomimasendeshita のみませんでした Didn't drink

Kaimasendeshita かいませんでした Didn't buy

Hanashimasendeshita はなしませんでした Didn't speak

Arimasendeshita ありませんでした Didn't have

Asobimasendeshita あそびませんでした Didn't play

Oyogimasendeshita およぎませんでした Didn't swim

Kakimasendeshita かきませんでした Didn't write

Machimasendeshita まちませんでした Didn't wait

Norimasendeshita のりませんでした Didn't ride

Shinimasendeshita しにませんでした Didn't die

LESSON 9

The potential verb is used to express ability.

Romaji Potential Form Form Dekiru できる Can do

Korareru こられる Can come



Taberareru たべられる Can eat

Mirareru みられる Can see

Nerareru ねられる Can sleep

Okirareru おきられる Can get up

Nomeru のめる Can drink

Kaeru かえる Can buy

Hanaseru はなせる Can speak

- -

Asoberu あそべる Can play

Oyogeru およげる Can swim

Kakeru かける Can write

Materu まてる Can wait

Noreru のれる Can sleep

Shineru しねる Can die

LESSON 10

The te form verb is a must kown verb form as it has many applications.

て Form て Form

Shite して

Kite きて

Tabete たべて

Mite みて



Nete ねて

Okite おきて

Nonde のんで

Katte かって

Hanashite はなして

- -

Asonde あそんで

Oyoide およいで

Kaite かいて

Matte まって

Notte のって

Shinde しんで

LESSON 11

The volitional form is often used for suggestion or invitations

Romaji Volitional Form

Meaning

Shiyou しよう Let's

Koyou こよう Let's come

Tabeyou たべよう Lets eat

Miyou みよう Lets watch

Neyou ねよう Lets sleep



Okiyou おきよう Lets get up

Nomou のもう Lets drink

Kaou かおう Lets buy

Hanasou はなそう Lets speak

- -

Asobou あそぼう Lets play

Oyogou およごう Lets swim

Kaou かこう Lets write

Matou まとう Lets wait

Norou のろう Lets ride

Shinou しのう Lets die

LESSON 12

The imperative form is for making strong commands

Imperative Form Imperative Form

Shiro しろ Do it!

Koi こい Come!

Tabero たべろ Eat!

Miro みろ Look! Watch!



Nero ねろ Sleep!

Okiro おきろ Get up!

Nome のめ Drink!

Kae かえ Buy it!

Hanase はなせ Speak!

- -

Asobe あそべ Play!

Oyoge およげ Oyoge!

Kake かけ Write!

Mate まて Wait!

Nore のれ Ride!

Shine しね Die!

LESSON 13

The imperative form is for making strong commands

Romaji Imperative Negative

Suru-na するな Don't do

Kuru-na くるな Don't come

Tabe-ru たべるな Don't eat

Miru-na みるな Don't look/watch

Neru-na ねるな Don't sleep



Okiru-na おきるな Don't get up

Nomu-na のむな Don't drink

Kau-na かうな Don't buy

Hanasu-na はなすな Don't speak

- -

Asobu-na あそぶな Don't play

Oyogu-na およぐな Don't swim

Kaku-na かくな Don't write

Matsu-na まつな Don't wait

Noru-na のるな Don't ride

Shine-na しぬな Don't die

Lesson 14

The conditional form is used

Romaji Conditional

Shitara したら

Kitara きたら

Tabetara たべたら

Mitara みたら

Netara ねたら



Okitara おきたら

Nondara のんだら

Kattar かったら

Hanashitra はなしたら

Attara あったら

Asondara あそんだら

Oyoidara およいだら

Kaitara かいたら

Mattara まったら

Nottara のったら

Shindara しんだら

LESSON 15

Romaji ~ば　FORM

Sureba すれば

Kureba くれば

Tabereba たべれば

Mireba みれば

Nereba ねれば

Okireba おきれば



Nomeba のめば

Kaeba かえば

Hanaseba はなせば

Areba あれば

Asobeba あそべば

Oyogeba およげば

Kakeba かけば

Mateba まてば

Noreba のれば

Shineba しねば

LESSON 16

Passive voice is a little trick to understand.

Romaji Passive

Sasaru される

Korareru こられる

Teberareru たべられる

Mirareru みられる

Nerareru ねられる

Okirareru おきられる



Nomareru のまれる

Kawareru かわれる

Hanasareru はなされる

- -

Asobareru あそばれる

Oyogareru およがれる

Kakareru かかれる

Matareru またれる

Norareru のられる

Shinareru しなれる

LESSON 17

Causativeさせるこさせるたべさせるみさせる



ねさせるおこさせる　のませるかわせるはなさせる

-あそばせるおよがせるかかせるまたせるのらせるしなせる

LESSON 18

たい Form たい Form Romaji

Shita したい Want to

Kitai きたい Want to come

Tabetai たべたい Want to eat

Mitai みたい Want to see/watch



Netai ねたい Want to sleep

Okitai おきたい Want to get up

Nomitai のみたい Want to drink

Kaitai かいたい Want to buy

Hanashita はなしたい Want to speak

- -

Asobitai あそびたい Want to play

Oyogitai およぎたい Want to swim

Kakitai かきたい Want to write

Machitai まちたい Want to wait

Noritai のりたい Want to ride

Shinitai しにたい Want die

LESSON 19

Play the audio track and repeat after Kaoru Sensei

Next, try reading the verbs without the audio track

Romaji Present

Progressive

Shite-iru している Doing



Kite-iru きている Coming

Tabetei-ru たべている Eating

Mite-iru みている Watching/looking

Nete-iru ねている Sleeping

Okite-iru おきている Getting up

Nonde-iru のんでいる Drinking

Katte-iru かっている Buying

Hanashite-iru はなしている Speaking

- -

Asonde-iru あそんでいる Playing

Oyoide-iru およいでいる Swimming

Kaite-iru かいている Writing

Matte-iru まっている Waiting

Notte-iru のっている Riding

Shinde-iru しんでいる Dieing

LESSON 20

Romaji Have to do MeaningShina-kereba-naranai しなければならない Have to do

Kona-kereba-naranai こなければならい Have to come

Tabe-nakereba-naranai たべなければならない Have to eat

Mina-kereba-naranai みなければならない Have to see/watch



Ne-nakereba-naranai ねなければならない Have to sleep

Oki-nakereba-naranai おきなければならない Have to get up

Noma-nakerba-naranai のまなければならない Have to drink

Kawa-nakeraba-naranai かわなければならない Have to buy

Hana-sanakereba-naranai はなさなければならない Have to speak

- -

Asonba-nakereba-naranai あそばなければならない Have to play

Oyoga-nakaereba-naranai およがなければならない Have to swim

Kaka-nakereba-naranai かかなければならない Have to write

Mata-nakereba-naranai またなければならない Have to wait

Nora-nakareba-naranai のらなければならない Have to ride

Shina-nakereba-naranai しななければならない Have to die


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