Learner Engagement in Outcomes Research

Rebekah Anguiano, PharmD, BCPS, BCACPClinical Coordinator Specialty Pharmacy Services

Objectives

Recognize the benefits and limitations of engaging learners with new and ongoing

outcomes research

Employ strategies to engage student and resident pharmacists in outcomes research

within your specialty pharmacy service

The Role of Pharmacy Learners in Outcomes Research

Comprehensive literature review

Determining primary and secondary outcomes

Develop research protocol

IRB submission

Data collection and analysis

Abstract or manuscript development

Presentations (poster or podium)

Local, regional or national meeting

Publication process

General BenefitsBenefits of Research Experiences for Students and ResidentsImprove critical thinking skills

Build foundational research knowledge and experience

Increase interests in Future research

Develop time and research project management skills

Increase collaboration and teamwork skills

Increase opportunities to interact with inspirational mentors and experts

Build and develop an appreciation of a research network

Create effective research mentors for future students and residents

Provide a supervised experience with the publication process

Help schools and pharmacy departments fulfill their research mission and goals

Increase marketability

Benefit the profession and medical community

Deal et al. Pharmacotherapy 2016.

Specialty Pharmacy Program BenefitsIncrease opportunities to evaluate program outcomes

Dissemination of research

Knowledge contribution to the scientific community

Discussion QuestionWhat barriers to incorporating pharmacy learners with outcomes research have you experienced?

Limiting FactorsTime constraints

Lack of knowledge of the publication process

Limited mentorship of the trainee

Lack of trainee interest in a project

Lack of perceived benefit associated with publishing

Selection of a project unsuitable for publication

Financial constraints for statistical support or publication fees

Trainee departs without completing manuscript development

Manuscript rejection

Deal et al. Pharmacotherapy 2016.

Additional limitations

College relationships

Training resources and certification

requirements

Access to databases or

EMR

Project idea generation

and feasibility

Learner incentives

Competing responsibilities

Discussion Question

What unique or creative strategies have you implemented to incorporate pharmacy learners into outcomes research?

Strategies to Address LimitationsLimiting Factors Possible Solution

Time constraints Feasibility assessment; study scope and accessibility of data

Lack of knowledge of the publication process Experienced collaborator

Limited mentorship of the trainee Culture shift; develop schedule

Lack of trainee interest in a project List of projects to select from

Lack of perceived benefit associated with publishing Reinforce benefits of publishing

Selection of a project unsuitable for publication Select project that has unique contribution, sound research design

Financial constraints for statistical support or publication fees

University free resources, avoid publication fees

Trainee departs without completing manuscript development

Establish expectations and necessary criteria; timeline to complete

Manuscript rejection Modify and resubmit, journal audience

Deal et al. Pharmacotherapy 2016.

Improving Student and Resident Engagement

How does the student/resident feel?

Is the student/resident interested?

Is the material important?

Can the student/resident complete the task?

Hidayat et al. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2012.

Preparing for Pharmacy Learner Researchers Establish college relationship

Create a bank of research ideas and types

Establish application or interview process

Identify willing and able research mentors

Determine incentivization strategies

Develop a training program

Define expectations and approximate timeline/workload

Investigate COP, foundation, or organization resources

Design a structured process for providing guidance and feedback

Start small, but plan for growth

Unique Strategies

Brandl et al. Established 12-week summer research program for 1st

and 2nd year pharmacy students Results: 130 students completed, published 61 full-

text manuscripts and 113 abstracts (poster or podium presentations)

Brandl et al. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2017.

Unique StrategiesLee et al. Established collaboration with a regional COP Incorporated near-peer training model to engage

pharmacy students in research Senior students oversee junior students; research

mentors oversee all pharmacy learner activity Results:100 posters and 20 peer reviewed manuscripts

in 7 years

Lee et al. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2017.

Results of Learner Engagement at UICPeer-Reviewed Publications Journal/Meeting; Month and YearStone RH, Anguiano RH, Bobowski C, Falk K, Alvarez P, and Mastrogiannis DLatency of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate initiation in patients receiving compounded versus commercial product

Journal of Reproductive Medicine; January 2018

Stone RH, Bobowski C, Milikhiker N, Anguiano RH, and Mastrogiannis D Prevention of Preterm Labor with 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) Caproate: A Comparison of Adverse Drug Reaction Rates between Compounded and Commercial Formulations

American Journal of Perinatology; July 2017

Bhat S, Khamo N, Abdou S, Hanson RH, Khiani V, and Stubbings JAPharmacists Role in Biologic Medication Therapy Management for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Health System Based Integrated Clinical Practice Model

American Journal of Pharmacy Benefits; September 2015

Hanson RL, Habibi M, Khamo N, Abdou S, and Stubbings JAn integrated clinical and specialty pharmacy practice model for management of patients with multiple sclerosis

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy; March 2014

Hanson RL, Gannon MJ, Khamo N, Sodhi M, Orr AM, and Stubbings JImprovement in safety monitoring of biologic response modifiers after the implementation of clinical care guidelines by a specialty pharmacy service

Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy; January/February 2013

Peer-Reviewed Research Abstracts and Posters (National Meetings) Journal/Meeting; Month and YearSasnovskaya V, Kim J, Anguiano M, Stubbings J, and Anguiano RH Establishment of a specialty pharmacy patient advisory board to assess patient’s perspective on barriers to specialty medication access and use

Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy 2017 Nexus Meeting, Dallas, TX; October 2017Journal of Managed Care and Specialty Pharmacy; October 2017

Ferri S and Anguiano RH* #

Reasons for Primary Medication Nonadherence in Specialty Pharmacy Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy 2016 Nexus Meeting, Dallas, TX; October 2016Journal of Managed Care and Specialty Pharmacy; October 2016

Hanson RL and Kim J*Medication Adherence Outlier Quality Management Program: A Novel Method of Evaluating and Improving Medication Adherence in Specialty Pharmacy

Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy 2016 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA; April 2016Journal of Managed Care and Specialty Pharmacy; April 2016

Ho M, Gannon M, and Hanson RL* Discontinuation Rates Associated with Sofosbuvir Based Hepatitis C Treatment Regimens at an Academic Health System with Integrated Specialty Pharmacy Services

Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy 2016 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA; April 2016 Journal of Managed Care and Specialty Pharmacy; April 2016

*award winning poster #selected as 1 of 4 posters for podium presentation

Student Posters (National Meetings) Journal/Meeting; Month and YearSweiss H and Anguiano RH Anemia and endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) in pulmonary arterial hypertension

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2017 Midyear Meeting, Orlando, FL; December 2017

Beirne S, Oladini B, Siegler C, Anguiano R, and Stubbings J Correlation between medication regimen complexity and access restrictions for New FDA approved drugs: a retrospective analysis

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2017 Midyear Meeting, Orlando, FL; December

Beirne S, Oladini B, Siegler C, Anguiano R, and Stubbings J Correlation between medication regimen complexity and access restrictions for New FDA approved drugs: a retrospective analysis

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2017 Midyear Meeting, Orlando, FL; December

Simon N, Souvannasing T, Anguiano RH, and Stone RH Does insurance type alter the pharmacy-based health system resources required to access 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), a women’s health specialty medication?

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Midyear 2016, Las Vegas, NV; December 2016

Sweiss H and Anguiano RH Pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case report of unexpectedly severe anemia with endothelin receptor antagonist therapy

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2016 Midyear Meeting, Las Vegas, NV; December 2016

Atanda A, Hanson RL, and Stubbings S Provider experience and satisfaction with access to specialty medications

University Health–Systems Consortium Pharmacy Council 2015 Meeting, New Orleans, LA; December 2015

Research Abstracts and Posters Accepted in 2019 Journal/Meeting; Month and YearHuang S, Anguiano RH, Fraidenburg D. Characterizing the Accessibility and Burdens of Medications in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Accepted to American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, Dallas, TX; anticipated May 2019

Hiroi E, Anguiano RH, Gannon M, and Stubbings JCorrelation Between Medication Regimen Complexity Index and Access Restrictions for New Molecular Entities Approved by the FDA from 2015 through 2017

Accepted to Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy 2019 Annual Conference, San Diego, CA; anticipated March 2019

Results of Learner Engagement at UIC

Summary

Incorporating students and residents into research is beneficial to the learner, institution, and pharmacy community

Though challenges are evident, many strategies can be incorporated to address these challenges and create a more robust outcomes research program