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Learning. Classical Conditioning. Classical Conditioning. Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936 Russian physician/ neurophysiologist Nobel Prize in 1904 studied digestive secretions. Classical Conditioning. Pavlov’s device for recording salivation. Pavlov’s Classic Experiment. Before Conditioning. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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LearningLearning
Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning
Ivan PavlovIvan Pavlov 1849-19361849-1936 Russian physician/ Russian physician/
neurophysiologistneurophysiologist Nobel Prize in 1904Nobel Prize in 1904 studied digestive studied digestive
secretionssecretions
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning
Pavlov’s Pavlov’s device for device for recording recording salivationsalivation
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Pavlov’s Classic Pavlov’s Classic ExperimentExperiment
Before Conditioning
During Conditioning After Conditioning
UCS (foodin mouth)
Neutralstimulus(tone)
Nosalivation
UCR (salivation)
Neutralstimulus(tone)
UCS (foodin mouth)
UCR(salivation)
CS(tone)
CR (salivation)
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning
a neutral stimulus that signals an a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulusunconditioned stimulus
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
stimulus that unconditionally--stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and naturally--triggers a automatically and naturally--triggers a responseresponse
Unconditioned Response (UCR)Unconditioned Response (UCR) unlearned, naturally occurring response to unlearned, naturally occurring response to
the unconditioned stimulusthe unconditioned stimulus salivation when food is in the mouth salivation when food is in the mouth
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning Conditioned Stimulus (CS)Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
originally irrelevant stimulus that, originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned responsetrigger a conditioned response
Conditioned Response (CR)Conditioned Response (CR) learned response to a previously learned response to a previously
neutral conditioned stimulusneutral conditioned stimulus
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning
John B. WatsonJohn B. Watson viewed psychology as viewed psychology as
objective scienceobjective science generally agreed-upon generally agreed-upon
consensus todayconsensus today recommended study of recommended study of
behavior without behavior without reference to reference to unobservable mental unobservable mental processesprocesses not universally accepted not universally accepted
by all schools of thought by all schools of thought todaytoday
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Little AlbertLittle Albert
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning
GeneralizationGeneralization tendency for stimuli similar to tendency for stimuli similar to
CS to elicit similar responsesCS to elicit similar responses DiscriminationDiscrimination
in classical conditioning, the in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a stimuli that do not signal a UCSUCS
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning
AcquisitionAcquisition the initial stage in classical conditioningthe initial stage in classical conditioning the phase associating a neutral stimulus the phase associating a neutral stimulus
with an unconditioned stimulus so that with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned responseconditioned response
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning
ExtinctionExtinction diminishing of a CR diminishing of a CR in classical conditioning, in classical conditioning,
when a UCS does not follow when a UCS does not follow a CSa CS
in operant conditioning, in operant conditioning, when a response is no when a response is no longer reinforced longer reinforced
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning
Strengthof CR
Pause
Acquisition(CS+UCS)
Extinction(CS alone)
Extinction(CS alone)
Spontaneousrecovery ofCR
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Classical Classical ConditioningConditioning
Spontaneous RecoverySpontaneous Recovery reappearance, after a rest reappearance, after a rest
period, of an extinguished CRperiod, of an extinguished CR
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Current UnderstandingCurrent Understanding Early behaviorists did not Early behaviorists did not
consider cognition but . . .consider cognition but . . . Conditioning is based upon Conditioning is based upon predictabilitypredictability and and expectancyexpectancy
Conditioning occurs best Conditioning occurs best when the pairing of stimuli is when the pairing of stimuli is similar to a causal relationshipsimilar to a causal relationship
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Current UnderstandingCurrent Understanding Early behaviorists believed Early behaviorists believed
that any natural response that any natural response could be conditioned using could be conditioned using any neutral stimulus but . . .any neutral stimulus but . . .
An animals capacity for An animals capacity for conditioning is constrained by conditioning is constrained by its biologyits biology
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Current UnderstandingCurrent Understanding Biological Biological
PredispositionsPredispositions A species will A species will
learn particular learn particular associations that associations that enhance its enhance its survivalsurvival
John Garcia
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Nausea Conditioning Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patientsin Cancer Patients
UCS(drug)
UCR(nausea)
CS(waiting room)
CS(waitingroom) CR
(nausea)
UCS(drug)
UCR(nausea)
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So What?So What? Classical Conditioning allows Classical Conditioning allows
animals to adapt to their animals to adapt to their environmentenvironment
Animals are extra-responsive Animals are extra-responsive to stimuli that announce to stimuli that announce significant events such as significant events such as food or painfood or pain
• Conditioning enables animals Conditioning enables animals to develop likes and dislikes to develop likes and dislikes that aid survivalthat aid survival
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Applications of Classical Applications of Classical ConditioningConditioning Every species tested has Every species tested has
developed adaptations developed adaptations through classical conditioningthrough classical conditioning Psychological TherapyPsychological Therapy Animal training and controlAnimal training and control Addiction recoveryAddiction recovery
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So where do we see Classical So where do we see Classical Conditioning every day?Conditioning every day?
Advertisers link powerful Advertisers link powerful emotions with their productsemotions with their products
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Classical Conditioning in Classical Conditioning in AdvertisingAdvertising
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HungerHunger
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Generic Brands rely on Generic Brands rely on GeneralizationGeneralization
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Sex Sells . . .Sex Sells . . .
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Sex SellsSex Sells
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FreedomFreedom
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PatriotismPatriotism
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Patriotism & Hunger?Patriotism & Hunger?
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Parental InstinctsParental Instincts
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Spirit of AdventureSpirit of Adventure
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