learning and memory in schizophrenia j. daniel ragland department of psychiatry & behavioral...
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Learning and Memory in Schizophrenia
J. Daniel Ragland
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
Memory is not analogous to a computer hard disk
Binding the disparate aspects of an event makes it a coherent episodic memory
Schizophrenia Causes Memory Problems
Heinrichs & Zakzanis (1998); Sitskoorn et al (2004)
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V Mem CPT IQ WCST FaceMem
DigitSpan
Effe
ct S
ize
• Present in Neuroleptic Naive FE Patients Saykin et al. (1994)
• Not Due to Medication, Duration, or Severity of Clinical Symptoms Aleman et al. (1999)
• Longitudinally Stable except in Late Life Censits et al. (1997); Harvey et al. (2001)
• Present in Unaffected Relatives Cannon et al. (1994); Glahn et al. (2007)
• Predicts Functional Outcome Green (1996); Nuechterlein (2011)
Patients with Schizophrenia
Related to Organizational Problems during Encoding
Failure to Organize Semantically Related Lists (Gold et al., 1992; Brebion et al., 1997)
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Non-Organizable Organizable
PatientControl
That can be Remedied by Providing Strategy
Shallow Deep0
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Acc
ura
cy (
Pr)
Task Condition
CS
SC
Controls
Patients Normal LOP Effect (Ragland et al., 2003)
Recall Deficit Eliminated Through Blocking & Cueing (McClain et al., 1983)
Problems related to PFC Deficits that can be Remedied with Behavioral Interventions
Without Encoding Strategy
Prefrontal Activity Greater
In Controls Than Patients
With Encoding Strategy
Controls Patients Both
No Group Diference
Ragland et al., (2005) Amer J PsychiatryRagland et al., (2004) Amer J Psychiatry
Future Directions
• Develop New Pharmacological Treatments- CNTRICS Initiative (http://cntrics.ucdavis.edu/)- Use of Pharmaco-fMRI
• Optimize Cognitive Training Procedures- Link Improvements in Cognition to Improvements in Functional Outcome
• Early Identification and Intervention- Improve Understanding of Developmental Processes
Thank YOU
UCD Transl. Cog. & Affective Neurosci.Cameron CarterJoshua PhillipsTyler LeshMichael MinzenbergTara NiendamJong Yoon
UCD Department of PsychologyCharan Ranganath Andy
YonelinasLaura Libby Arne EckstromKristin Flegal Wei-Chun Wang
UCD Center for Mind & BrainSimona GhettiSteve Luck
UC BerkleySilvia BungeKepa Paz-AlonsoRob Blumenfeld
UCSF Department of PsychiatryRachael LoweySophia VinogradovDaniel Mathelon
Research supported by NIMH grants R01MH084895, R01MH059883, and R24MH083734S1
University of Wisconsin - MilwaukeeDeborah Hannula