learning disabilities_dr. eric taclawan

7/23/2019 Learning Disabilities_dr. Eric Taclawan

1/46

LEARNING

DISABILITIESDr. Eric Taclawan


2/46

What is a learning disability?

LD is a neurological disorder thatafects the brains ability to:

Receive inoration !rocess inoration

"tore inoration

Res#ond to inoration

$ounicate inoration


3/46

Learning Disability

includes%verage or above

average intellectualca#acity

% signi&cant andune'#lained discre#ancybetween achieveentand e' ected otential


4/46

LearningDisability (s )ot

The "ae %s(ntellectualDisability *r

Eotional


5/46

LD does notinclude #robles

#riarily due tovisual+ hearing+ orotor disabilities


6/46

LD does not include#robles that

result #riarilyro cultural+

environental+ oreconoic


7/46

LD is )*T %D,D%lthough -/ o

individual with LDalso have %D,D


8/46

In other words...LDmeans having trouble

!rocessinginoration

*rgani0inginoration

%##lying inoration


9/46

$auses or !resued causes o

Learning Disabilities

)* real causes

1ight be caused by:

,ereditary

Teratogenic

1edicalEnvironental


10/46

LD can afect the #ersonsability in the areas o:

Listening

"#ea2ingReading

Writing

"#ellingReasoning

1atheati

cs


11/46


12/46

"ee2 hel# ro3uali&ed

#roessionals+ whocan #rovide

guidance through a#ersonali0ed


13/46

Ty#es o Learning

Disabilities


14/46

Dysle'ia

%rea o Di4culty: !rocessingLanguage

"y#tos: Reading+ Writing+"#elling

E'a#le

$onusing letter naes and soundsDi4culties blending sound into

words

"low rate o reading


15/46

Dyscalculia

%rea o Di4culty: 1ath "2ills

"y#tos: $o#utation+

reebering ath acts+conce#ts o tie an oney

E'a#le

Di4culty learning to count by 5s+/s+ and 6s

!oor ental ath s2ills

!robles with s#ecial directions


16/46

Dysgra#hia

%rea o Di4culty: writtene'#ression

"y#tos: handwriting+ s#elling+co#osition

E'a#le

(llegible handwritingDi4culty organi0ing ideas or

writing


17/46

Dys#ra'ia

%rea o Di4culty: 7ine otors2ills

"y#tos: coordination+anual de'terity

E'a#le:Trouble with scissors+ buttons+

drawings


18/46

(noration !rocessingDisorder

%uditory !rocessing Disorder

Di4culty inter#reting auditory

inorationTrouble with languagedevelo#ent+ reading

Di4culty antici#ating how as#ea2er will end a sentence


19/46

8isual !rocessing

DisorderDi4culty inter#reting

visual inorationTrouble with reading+

writing+ and athDi4culty distinguishing

letters li2e 9h and 9n


20/46

"(;)" %)D "


21/46

!reschool

!robles #ronouncing

words?Di4culty &nding the

right word?Di4culty a2ing

rhyes?


22/46

Trouble learningnubers+ al#habet+

days o the wee2+colors and sha#es?

Troubleconcentrating?

Trouble interactin


23/46

Di4culty ollowing

directions or learningroutines?

Di4culty controlling#encil+ crayons+

scissors? Di4culty with buttoning+

0i##ing+ tying s2ills?


24/46

= > 6th ;rade "tudents

1ay be slow to learn theconnection between letters

and sounds. ,as di4culty decoding single

words reading single words inisolation@. ,as di4cultys#elling #honetically.


25/46

1a2es consistent reading

and s#elling errors suchas:

Letter reversals > AdA or AbAas in: AdogA or AbogA

Word reversals > Ati#A or

A#itA(nversions > AA or Aw+A AuA

or AnA


26/46

"ubstitutions >

AhouseA or Ahoe

1ay conuse sallwords > AatA or Ato+AAsaidA or Aand+AAdoesA or Agoes.A


27/46

Relies on guessing and

conte't. 1ay have di4culty

learning new vocabulary. 1ay trans#ose nuber

se3uences and conusearithetic signs B > '

C@.


28/46

1ay have trouble

reebering acts. 1ay be slow to learn new

s2ills relies heavily oneori0ing withoutunderstanding.

1ay have di4culty#lanning+ organi0ing and

anaging tie+ aterials


29/46

*ten uses an

aw2ward #encil gri#&st+ thub hoo2edover &ngers+ etc.@.

1ay have #oor A&neotorA coordination.


30/46

th > Fth ;rade "tudents

(s usually reading belowgrade level.

1ay reverse letterse3uences > AsoiledA or

Asolid+A AletA or Aelt.A


31/46

1ay be slow to discern and

to learn #re&'es+ su4'es+root words+ and other

reading and s#ellingstrategies.

1ay have di4cultys#elling s#ells sae worddiferently on the sae

a e.


32/46

1ay avoid reading

aloud.1ay have trouble withword #robles inath.

1ay have slow or

#oor recall o acts


33/46

1ay write with

di4culty with illegiblehandwriting #encil

gri# is aw2ward+ &st>li2e or tight.

1ay avoid writing.


34/46

1ay have di4cultywith writtenco#osition.

1ay have di4culty

with co#rehension.


35/46

1ay have trouble with non>

literal language idios+Go2es+ #roverbs+ slang@.

1ay have di4culty with#lanning+ organi0ing and

anaging tie+ aterialsand tas2s.


36/46

()"TRH$T(*)%L (DE%"


37/46

Teachers ay &nd the

ollowing hel#ul: brea2ing tas2s into saller

ste#s+ and giving directionsverbally and in writing

giving the student oretie to &nish schoolwor2 orta2e tests


38/46

letting the student with

reading #robles usete'tboo2s>on>ta#e

letting the student withlistening di4culties

borrow notes ro aclassate or use a ta#e

recorder


39/46

letting the studentwith writing

di4culties use aco#uter with

s#eciali0ed sotwarethat s#ell chec2s+

graar chec2s or


40/46

Teachers should:

"u##orting learning withvisuals

"tressing ste#>by>ste#

instructions

7or students with %D,D+teachers should:

;ive only one assignent ata tie.


41/46

%""("T%)$E DHR(); %""E""1E)T":

The teacher ay wish to:$hoose an alternate e'a

site away ro the generaleducation classroo.

Ensure that this alternatelocale is ree ro auditoryand visual distracters.


42/46

%void conusing or

co#licated languageandor consider a substitutee'aassessent.

%llow student e'tra tie toco#lete

e'asassignents+es#ecially i there areuni3ue deands regarding

reading and writing s2ills.


43/46

%llow or alternate ors

o assessent !ortolios

"lide #resentations !hotogra#hic essays

Ta#ed interviews


44/46

Is there any treatment forlearning disabilities?

The ost coon treatent orlearning disabilities is s#ecial

education. "#eech and language thera#ists

also ay be involved.

1edications to enhance attentionand concentration.

!sychological thera#ies ay also

be used.


45/46

What is the prognosis forlearning disabilities?

Learning disabilities

can be lielongconditions


46/46

Than2

learning disabilities_dr. eric taclawan

Documents